高中虚拟语气导学案.

虚拟语气

By Carriecai 一．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法

①与现在事实相反

条件从句主句

一般过去时，be多用were Would /should/could/might+动词原形

②与过去事实相反

条件从句主句

过去完成时(had done/been) Would /should/could/might+have done

③与将来事实相反

条件从句主句

⑴if +主语+动词过去时主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形

⑵if +主语+were to +动词原形同上

⑶if +主语+should+动词原形同上

例句：If I were you, I would go at once .

If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping .

If you had worked, you would have passed the exam.

二．介词短语代替条件句常用介词有with, without, but for等例句：We couldn’t have succeeded without your help . (if we hadn’t got your help) But for the rain , we would have finished the work .(If it hadn’t been for the rain)

三．用一个副词或者连词表示虚拟条件句

例句：He telephoned to inform me of your birthday , or I would have known nothing about it .( if he hadn’t telephoned to inform…)

注意倒装结构

如果虚拟条件句中含有were ,should ,had, 可以把if省略，而把这些词提到句首.

Were I you , I wouldn’t do that .

Had you come earlier , you would have seen him .

四．用动词的过去时表示与现在或者将来事实相反，用动词的过去完成时表示与过去事实相反.

1.在wish引导的宾语从句中

I wish I were as clever as you .

I wish I had finished my homework yesterday .

在wish后面所接的从句用would / could +动词原形表示与将来事实相反.

I wish I could fly to the moon one day .

2.在as if / though 引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中

He looks as if he were an artist .

He talks as if he had really been to the heaven .

但如果是真实条件句，则不用虚拟语气.

It looks as if it is going to rain.

3.If only 引导的感叹句中

If only I were a bird .

If only I had bought the house .

4.在would rather 后面所接的从句中

I would rather you paid the money yourself .

I’d rather she hadn’t done that .

五．It’s (high) time that …后的主语从句中常用过去时或should +动词原形It’s high time (that) we started out .正是我们出发的时候.

六．用should +动词原形构成的虚拟语气，其中should 可省略.

1.Suggest ,advise ,demand ,require ,request ,desire, order, command, insist 等动词后

的宾语从句

The teacher suggested that we (should) not lose heart .

但suggest作“暗示，表明”讲，insist作“坚持说”讲，即坚持事实是怎样的，

后面不用虚拟语气.

The look on his face suggested that he was angry .

Mary insisted that he had never stolen anything.

2.以上动词相应的名词所接的相关的从句.

My suggestion is that you （should）try another means .

3.it is desired ,it is suggested, i t is requested , it was ordered , it was proposed, it is

necessary , it is important , it has been decided 等结构后的主语从句

It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once .

七．虚拟语气表示委婉语气

情态动词的过去时如could, would , might 表示现在时间时，说话人的某种态度：

谦虚，客气，委婉，不肯定等.

Could you tell me how to get to the post office ？

It would be better for you not to stay up too late .

探究

1（2014·重庆高考）13.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I

________ it?

A.had done

B.have done

C.did

D.am doing

2（2014·北京高考）34.We ________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.

A.are

B.were

C.will be

D.would be

3（2014·湖南高考）22.If Mr.Dewey ________ present，he would have offered any possible

assistance to the people there.

A.were

B.had been

C.should be

D.was

4（2014·陕西高考）23.We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us，but it is her

choice，and she is not a child any longer.

A.would stay

B.has stayed

C.stayed

D.stay

5（2014·天津高考）15.________ the morning train，he would not have been late for the

meeting.

A.Did he catch

B.Should he catch

C.Has he caught

D.Had he caught

6（2014·福建高考）32.________ no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for

weeks to get news from around the world.

A.Were there

B.Had there been

C.If there are

D.If there have been