Cultural Differences in Interpreting and Coping Tactics 口译中的文化差异及应对策略

口译中的文化差异及应对策略摘要：在跨文化商务交际中，东西方民族常常会因为文化积淀、认知方式以及思维方式的不同而遭遇文化冲突。

口译人员应自觉培养自身的跨文化意识，减少乃至消除商务谈判中的语用失误，促使跨文化交际的成功。

关键词：口译跨文化差异跨文化意识Cultural Differences in Interpreting and Coping TacticsAbstract: In cross-cultural business communication , east and west will often because national culture , cognitive styles and different ways of thinking and incurring the cultural conflict . Interpreter should be careful to develop their cross-cultural awareness , reduce or eliminate business negotiation of the pragmatic failures , make the success of cross-cultural communication .Key words: Interpretation Cross-cultural differences Cross-cultural awarenesswhen it comes to interpreters , we can not help thinking it an honored occupation , also , feeling that it is much far away from us . However , today we are learning the interpretation curriculum , which thanks to the good consequence of the transformation of the english lesson . I have not ever thought of that I could speak and listen english freely and fluently one day , but the interpretation curriculum may make it possible . Through the curriculum , I have learned how to make efficiency notes , which is much more different from and difficult than others, that's why we must form the style of notes charactered by ourselves . Being cool just as interpreter is not as easy as it looks like . Interpretation is a language communication behavior , which transforms one language to another , and a basic mode of communication that human beings of different culture and different ethnic are relying on . The job of interpretation is challenging , compared towritten translation , the most outstanding characteristic of interpretation is what you must say after a very short time . Interpreters have no time to think about it repeated deliberately or look up dictionary or reference book while interpreting . Sometimes interpreters may forecast to connected content according to the site condition ,but they ,in most of the time , cannot know the details ,especially in business negotiations . That demands interpreters not only know the language and the knowledge of business and industry , but also need to have a good command of the two kinds of culture and know about what are the differences between cultures on expression . For the time being , cross-cultural communication has become much more common in the globalization . Only knowing more cultural discrepancy , different habits , distinct way of thinking and different concept of diversity nationals , can they improve themselves of business interpretation step by step .The most difficulty the interpreter may encounter is the culture differences . We take it for granted that we are right if we do just as traditional of our country . For example , we eat with chopsticks while western foreign with spoon . That's the little difference but to the key point . We are familiar with Chinese and english interpretation ,because of the two languages belonging to oriental and westerner culture , the huge difference is apparent . Here , what I want to talk about is cross-cultural conflict caused by the diverse of cultural antecedents , cognitive system and thinking mode ,which are the main content in interpretation .Since Chinese has a long history ,accumulating plenty of old words , including idioms , proverbs , mottoes , slangs , saying , two-part allegorical sayings and so forth ,which contain abundant cultural connotation with thick national colors . For instance ,during a business activity , the Chinese side said ,'建立一条龙服务中心，为外国投资者提供审批业务', and the interpreter interpreted ,'set up the one-dragon service center to provide a coordinated process service for foreign investors in obtaining approval '. I don't think foreigners will understand . Moreover ,dragon represents auspicious in China while it means evil in western ,if interpreter does not know about it ,misunderstanding will occur .It is different of people's approaches and angles to sense and know the world around . Ina national or huge social groups ,the differences usually cannot be a barrier , however , when in different national , it can be . Even confronting with the same thing , people may form different words to express and you can not figure it out if you are not one of them . As an example in business negotiation interpretation , Chinese said ,'我们不会给你们打白条子，我们会按时付款的'. If the interpreter interpreters ,'we shall not issue blank paper to you , we will pay you on time '. Meanwhile ,foreigners cannot understand it . In fact , here blank means empty , or more straightforward , similar to IOU . The interpreter might as well interpreter ,' we shall not issue IOUS to you '. Foreigners can catch your main ideas .The last difference I will mention is the way of thinking , which summarize the objective reality and indirectly reflect using knowledge and experience as media . The way of thinking variety from one to another , determining the diversity of language expression . Therefore , we must adjust the language to others can understand and recept and it appears more fluently and natural . Or listeners may feel harder to understand . For example , there are a lot of special sentences differing from Chinese , which may cause a understanding gap . When 'it' as subject , it can represent time , place , distance , the name of lifeless words and a large passive situation ,all of these caused by national object strictly separate thinking characteristics . Many 'it' as form subject substitute for different forms of real subject and complicated , multi-level master-slave complex sentences are fear connected with the preference analysis thinking while Chinese prefer comprehensive thinking . British and American people used to talk about subjective views first and than object and last others connected , perhaps it is related to linear thinking while Chinese curve type thinking . Also , part or complete inversion can not be separated with reverse thinking .So it demands highly for interpreters to adapt themselves for better prompted know and communicate each other . Cultivate themselves cross-cultural quality is in a desperate time and armed with cross-cultural awareness . Interpreter should use intercultural knowledge to help business activities .Where there is a will , there is a way . Though interpretation is a tough occupation , we can do it better if we try our best . To me , I like english very much . I believe I willcontinue to learn english and interpretation to enrich my life .主要参考文献（限4篇以内）：1.梅德明，2008，《中级口译教程》[M]。