2020届高考英语一轮阅读理解热门话题针对训练-科技类

科技类
1、Whether you own a small or large business, it's important that you apply technology to business. This calls for you to have high speed Internet in your business. You also need to have a very effective telephone line. The reason for this is due to the benefits that come with technology.
Communication is very important in business. The business world has become very competitive, thus employees need to communicate with clients fast and effectively. Communication is not only important when working with clients,but also important when working with other employees. For example, sales representatives and technicians don,t have to return to the office in order to know their next tasks. They can simply make phone calls or send emails. To make your business more modern, you should consider having a social media account.
Through technology,employees from different locations are able to interact(互动) and they not only talk about business,but also personal issues. This ensures that there is a healthy working environment, which plays a huge role in increasing the productivity of the employees.
IT experts have come up with many advanced software programs that allow your business to keep its records in an organized manner. The records can be on raw materials, suppliers,clients, and finances. These programs remove manual(手工的) record keeping, which not only aids in improving the working efficiency(工作效率), but also aids in removing human errors.
If you don’t have a large office space, you can ask your employe es to work at home and send you the necessary documents via email. As a business manager, you don’t have to travel in order to hold a business meeting as you can do it over the Internet.
These are some of the benefits that come with technology. You should note that although technology is of great importance in the professional environments you need to manage it properly so that it’s not misused by employees.
1.The example in Paragraph 2 proves that _______.
A.the employees are busy working every day
munication skill is important in business
C.the business world has become very competitive
D.technology makes communication more convenient
2.Paragraph 3 shows the technology's influence on _______.
A.business culture
B.research
C.locations
D.record keeping
3.Which of the following words can best describe the advanced software programs?
A.Cheap and useful.
B.Easy to be operated.
C.Time-saving and accurate.
D.Popular in the business world.
4.According to Paragraph 5, what's the advantage of technology?
A.It gives employees chances to travel.
B.It helps businesses save on resources.
C.It improves the salaries of the workers.
D.It brings businessmen more opportunities.
2、Weather could power the next generation of smart windows. Researchers have created glass by harvesting energy from wind and precipitation(降水).The approach offers an alternative to other smart windows powered by batteries, solar panels, and even standard power outlets. “The creation represents a new kind of renewable energy source”, says Liming Dai, a nanomaterial engineer at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, who was not involved in the research.
Smart glass, which changes its characteristics to block out light or heat, has been around for decades. Common examples include glare-fighting rearview(后视) car mirrors and windows that change color for en ergy savings and privacy. But many are expensive, and people are still looking for eco-friendly ways to power the windows. Batteries and plug-in outlets aren’t apparently “green”,a nd built-in solar panels can cloud or hide parts of the glass.
In experiments, the glass produced up to 130 milliwatts per square meter, enough to power a pacemaker or a smart phone while it’s asleep,the team reported online last month in ACS Nano. This output might suit many applications,such as being a power source for home or office electronics, says co-developer and scientist Zhong Wang of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta Since their first project in 2012, a light-up sidewalk powered by footsteps, he and his colleagues have miniaturized their generators to create every thing from self-cleaning keyboards to sensors for security systems.
But Wang and colleagues still have more work to do before this smart glass is ready for commercialization. Now, the glass has no way to store the energy it creates. To solve this problem, Dai says, transparent supercapacitors(超级电容器) could be placed into the glass without decreasing visibility.
For now, the team wants to improve the energy efficiency of their nanogenerators. These tiny power plants can convert about 60% of the mechanical energy that they encounter into electricity. “The output power is a constant goal,” Wang says. “Free energy surrounds us, and anything can happen if you take control of it."
1.What is unique about the smart glass?
A.It can protect privacy.
B.It is more expensive.
C.It is powered by weather.
D.It can block out light and heat.
2.What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
A.The research history of Zhong Wang.
B.The experimental process of Zhong Wang.
C.The research theory of Zhong Wang’s team.
D.The experimental findings of Zhong Wang's team.
3.What is the drawback of the smart glass?
A.It cannot suit the supercapacitors.
B.It cannot keep its produced electricity.
C.It cannot power a smart phone.
D.It cannot change its color according to weather.
4.Which of the following best explains “convert” underlined in the last paragraph?
A.Transform.
B.Consume.
C.Waste.
D.Reserve.
3、New App Helps People Remember Faces
Large gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn people’s names only adds to the stress. A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue, but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution.
The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions. “It breaks down these social barriers we all have when meeting somebody,” says Barry Sandrew, who created the app and tested it at an event attended by about 1,000 people.
After receiving an invitation to download SocialRecall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have agreed to participate. And the app's creators say it automatically deletes users’ data after an event.
Ann Cavoukian, a privacy expert who runs the Privacy by Design Center of Excellence praises the app’s creators for these protective measures. She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.”
The start-up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or “face blindness,” a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met. To use this app, a person first acquires an
image of someone’s face, from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on
a user’s phone, according to the team beh ind the app.
1. SocialRecall is used to ________.
A. take photos
B. identify people
C. organize events
D. make friends
2. Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________.
A. how the app works
B. how the app was created
C. what makes the app popular
D. what people can do with the app
3. SocialRecall helps people with prosopagnosia by ________.
A. giving names to the photos kept in their smartphones
B. collecting information previously entered in the phone
C. providing the information of a person when they first meet
D. showing the person’s information when it spots a stored face
4. What can we learn about SocialRecall from the passage?
A. It may put people’s privacy at risk.
B. It has caused unintended consequences.
C. It can prevent some communication disorders.
D. It is praised by users for its protective measures.
4、The Leaning Tower of Pisa(比萨斜塔) has never stood straight. The building’s lean has puzzled engineers for hundreds of years. Engineers began building the hell tower in Italy in 1173. It took more than 200 years to finish. It was built on unexpectedly soft ground and the tower began to lean before it was done. The mistake has made the building one of the world’s strange sights.
How can something so unstable last for hundreds of years? The tower has survived two world wars, millions of visitors, and four strong earthquakes. Engineering Professor George Mylonakis wanted to know why. He studied the ground beneath the building and looked at how soil affects the building and how well it stands up.
Mylonakis and other engineers came up with an answer about the tower. The answer has to do with the soft ground under the tower. The engineers found other
important reasons, too. The tower is very tall and is made of stone that makes it stiff. Its height and firniness combined with the softness of the foundation soil cause the vibrational(振动的) characteristics of the structure lo be improved considerably in such a way that the tower does not resonate(共振) with earthquake ground motion. So during an earthquake, the tower does not shake as much as the earth under it.
Still, Mylonakis said the tower had almost fallen since it continued to lean more as the soft ground settled under it. In the early 1990s, it was in real danger of falling and the Italian government closed the tower to visitors and started to save it. Crews gradually began to take out small amounts of soil from the high north side. With less soil under it, that side of the tower sank slightly. Engineers also fixed equipment that allows them to make adjustments to the water pressure beneath the tower, further controlling how much the tower leans.
The building still leans. It just leans a bit less than before. Most importantly, the tower is no longer in danger. JohnBurland worked on the project to save the tower. He said it is highly unlikely that the soft ground under the tower will cause it to fall and only a very large earthquake would knock down the tower.
1.Why did George Mylonakis study the leaning Tower of Pisa?
A.To find out why it leans.
B.To explore why it still stands.
C.To call on people to save it.
D.To research the soft ground under it.
2.What does the underlined word "stiff" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Shaky.
B.Sinking.
C.Solid.
D.Splendid.
3.What measure was taken to save the tower in the early 1990s?
A.Limit the number of visitors.
B.Remove soil from two sides.
C.Monitor the amount of soil water.
D.Make the tower lower in the north.
4.What do John Burland's words suggest in the last paragraph?
A.The tower is safe in most cases.
B.The tower still leans in danger.
C.The tower may fall due to the soft ground.
D.The tower will stand even if large earthquakes hit.
5、The United States will have more adults aged 65 and over than children by the year 2035, the U. S. Census Bureau says. The agency provides information about the U. S. population that as the American population ages, the demand for services and care for older adults is growing.
SenCura is a company that provides non-medical at-home care for seniors in the northern Virginia area. Its services include help with bathing, transportation, getting dressed and planning and preparing meals. Hollie is one of SenCura's professional caregivers. She visits 88-year-old Olga Robertson's home every day for three hours. Robertson says she likes having Hollie’s help.
But when Hollie is not around, Robertson still has a versatile caregiver—a robot named Rudy. She can have a conversation with him and he's somebody to talk to and can respond. Rudy also tells jokes, plays games and dances with Robertson. In addition to keeping Robertson mentally and physically active, Rudy provides contact with emergency services 24 hours a day. He looks for lost items, reminds Robertson about her doctor's appointments and tells her when it is time to take her medicine.
Anthony Nunez is the founder of INF" Robotics, a new company that creates Kudy. He says the idea for the robotic caregiver was inspired by what his own mother lived through when his grandmother got older. "As I grew older, I realized we weren't the only family facing this problem. So what I wanted to do was design a robot that's easy to use, designed specifically for seniors, but also affordable,'' he said.
Rudy is not competition for human caregivers. He is there to help but cannot do all the things that caregivers do, like bathe and dress seniors. The robot Rudy adds to what in-home caregivers do for the growing population of seniors.
1.What can we learn about the information provided by the U. S. Census Bureau?
A.The number of children will become larger.
B.Adults will have to look after more children.
C.There will be more seniors in need of services.
D.The demand for caregivers will decrease.
2.What does the underlined word "versatile" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A.Easy-going.
B.Multi-functional.
C.Considerate.
D.Flexible.
3.What can we infer about the robot Rudy?
A.He will replace the caregivers.
B.He is able to dress the seniors.
C.He offers the seniors health care.
D.He can help do additional work.
4.What is the main idea of the text?
A.America is facing population problems.
B.Caregivers are challenged by robots.
C.A new company puts robots in seniors' homes.
D.Seniors will get better sendees from caregive
6、NASA has a new job listing, and it’s no joke. The US space agency is loo king for a “joker” to join their planned mission to Mars.
A mission to Mars is no laughing matter. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles (225 million kilometers) away from Earth. A trip there would take around eight months in a small spacecraft. And Mars has a communications delay of 20 minutes. This means that astronauts will have to wait 20 minutes for a reply, when an emergency happens.
“When you’re living with others in a confined space for a long period of time, such as on a mission to Mars, problems are likely to occur,” Jeffrey Johnson, a scientist at the University of Florida, told the Guardian.
This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor. “These are people that have the ability to pull everyone together,” Johnson sai d.
In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren’t alone. By laughing together, we share our stress. Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying.
There are other examples of team “clowns”. One example is the journey to the South Pole led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. It was a difficult journey, full of danger. Adolf Lindstrom, a cook at Amundsen’s team, was a “clown”. He made people laugh through the whole journey. Amundsen later wrote that Lindstrom was the most valuable member of the team.
But if you’re hoping that your favorite TV comedian will fly to Mars, that probably won’t happen.
“Being funny won’t be enough to land somebody the job,” Johnson said. “They also need to be an excellent scientist and engineer.”
Besides, they must be in top physical condition.
1.What is NASA’s new job listing?
A.A funny engineer.
B.A talented clown.
C.A good cook.
D.A popular comedian.
2.What does “a confined space” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.A crowded space.
B.An empty space.
C.An open space.
D.A small space.
3.How does the author think humor can help astronauts?
A.It can stop them from feeling worried.
B.It can encourage teamwork on a mission.
C.It can help them feel less homesick.
D.It can help them know themselves better.
4.What point does the author want to make with the example of the cook?
A.What explorers eat on their journey is very important.
B.An amateur can play a more important role than a professional.
C.Humorous people can cheer people up in difficult situations.
D.A mission to Mars is more difficult than a journey to the South Pole.
5.What could be the best title of the passage?
A.Keeping the Spirits Up
B.A Mission to Mars
C.A New Job Listing of NASA
D.Humorous Astronauts in NASA
答案
1、1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.推理判断题。

根据第二段中的For example,sales representatives and technicians don't have to return to the office in order to know their next tasks. They can simply make phone calls or send emails.可知,现代的科技让交流变得更为方便。

2.推理判断题。

根据第三段中的This ensures that there is a healthy working environment, which plays a huge role in increasing the productivity of the employees.可知,员工之间可以通过网络交流互动,增进感情,从而营造良好的工作氛围,这属于企业文化方面的内容。

3.细节理解题。

根据第四段最后一句These programs remove manual(手工的) record keeping, which not only aids in improving the working efficiency (工作效率),but also aids in removing human errors.可知,这些先进的软件程序具有节省时间和十分准确的特点。

4.细节理解题。

根据第五段中的If you don’t have a large office space, you can ask your employees to work at home and send you the necessary documents via email.可知科技帮助公司节省了资源。

2、1.C; 2.D; 3.B; 4.A
解析：
1.推理判断题。

根据文章第一段“Weather could power the next generation of smart windows. Researchers have created glass by harvesting energy from wind and precipitation (降水)”可知,这种新型智能玻璃的独特之处在于它能利用天气发电。

2.主旨大意题。

第三段主要讲述了科学家Zhong Wang团队的研究成果。

3.细节理解题。

根据文章第四段“Now, the glass has no way to store the energy it creates”可知,这种新型玻璃的缺点是不能储存它所发的电。

4.词义猜测题。

根据上文“the team wants to improve the energy efficiency of their na-nogenerators”可知,此处指这种小型电厂能把别的能量转化成电能。

3、1.B; 2.A; 3.D; 4.A
解析：
1.推理判断题。

根据文章第二段The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions. 这款名为SocialRecall的应用软件可以通过智能手机摄像头和面部识别功能将名字和人脸联系起来,从而避免了正式介绍的必要,从而可以推断出,是用来识别人。

故选B。

2.段落大意题。

根据文章第三段全段内容可知,本段主要SocialRecall这款应用软件工作原理。

故选A。

3.细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face, from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user’s phone, according to the team behind the app.可知,用户使用智能手机的摄像头或照片中获取某人的面部图像,然后给它加上一个名字。

当摄像机在现实生活中发现相同的人脸时,就会显示之前输入的信息,从而帮助脸盲症患者识别此人的信息。

故选D。

4.推理判断题。

根据文章第四段She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.”当人们选择将自己的个人信息分享给应用程序时,他们应该知道,在未来可能会出现意想不到的后果,从而可以推断出SocialRecall
这款应用程序可能会危及人们的隐私。

故选A。

4、1.B; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A
解析：1.考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"The tower has survived two world wars, millions of visitors, and four strong earthquakes. Engineering Professor George Mylonakis wanted to know why" 可知,George Mylonakis开展研究是想弄明白比萨斜塔为什么能历经岁月洗礼而屹立不倒,故选B。

2.考查词义猜测。

根据画线词前的"The tower is very tall and is made of stone"和其后的"Its height and firmness"可推知, tall对应height,made of stone 对应 firmness,
故此处表示比萨斜塔由石头筑成,这些石头使得它很坚固。

故画线词与solid"坚固的,牢固的"意思最为接近。

3.考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Crews gradually began totake out small amounts of soil from the high north side. With less soil under it, that side of the tower sank slightly”工作人员逐渐从斜塔较高的北边的下方挖出少量土壤,下方的土壤减少后,斜塔的北边便会微微下沉,故斜塔的北边会低一点。

4.考查推理判断。

根据最后一-段中的"He said it is highly unlikely that the soft ground under the tower will cause it to fall and only a very large earthquake would knock down the lower"可知John Burland认为比萨斜塔塔下的松软土壤导致它坍塌的可能性很小,只有发生非常严重的地震它才可能坍塌,故选A。

5、1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.C
解析：
1.细节理解题。

根据第—段中的“The agency provi des information about the U. S. population that as the American popuIation ages, the demand for services and care for older adults is growing."可知,关于美国人口的调查信息表明,随着人口年龄的增长,对老年人服务和照料的需求正在增长。

故选C项。

2.词义猜测题。

根据第三段内容可知,这种新型机器人除能够和主人交谈、讲笑话、玩游戏和跳舞外,还能24小时与急救中心保持联系,并且为主人寻找遗失的物品、提醒主人和医生的预约以及定时服药。

由此可知,这款机器人应是多功能的。

故选B项。

3.推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“He is there to help but cannot do all the things that caregivers do, like bathe and dress seniors. The robot Rudy adds to what in-home caregivers do for the growing population of senior s. ”可知,这种机器人不能代替护理人员做所有的事情。

但是他丰富了家庭护理人员能为不断增长的老年人所做的工作,即(机器人)可以帮助做额外的工作。

故选D项。

4.主旨大意题。

本文是一篇说明文,主要向读者介绍了—种新型机器人,它能为老年人提供服务,并照顾老年人的生活的多个方面。

故选C项。

6、1.B; 2.D; 3.A; 4.C; 5.C
解析：
1.细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“The US space agency is looking for a “joker” to join…”可知, NASA想要一个幽默的人加入前往火星的任务中,即第六段中提到的
“clown”(诙谐的人)。

根据倒数三段可知,仅仅幽默是不够的,这个人还必须也要身体特别棒,而且必须是优秀的科学家和工程师,即他必须是专业方面很优秀的人。

综上,B选项切题:一个有才能的诙谐的人。

2.词义猜测题。

根据第二段中的“A trip there would take around eight months in a small spacecraft”可知,前往火星的行程非常的漫长,而且是在一个小的宇宙飞船中。

而第三段中以火星之旅为例(such as on a mission to Mars),表明长时间在“a confined space”中很容易出问题。

那么,很明显,a confined space应该指的是像a small spacecraft这样的小空间。

故D选项正确。

3.细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“…with a sense of humor. These are people that have the ability to pull everyone together”可知,幽默的人具备将所有的人团结在一起的能力。

据此可以推断出这样可以促进人们的团队精神。

故B选项正确。

A选项错在stop上。

根据第五段中的内容可知,在充满压力的情况下,幽默可以使我们分享压力。

这样,我们就会集中注意力工作而不仅仅担心了。

由此可知,幽默可以减轻人们的担心,而不是阻止人们担心。

故可排除A选项。

4.推理判断题。

前五段提到幽默可以帮助宇航员减轻压力。

根据第六段中的“It was a difficult journey, full of danger. ….He made people laugh through the whole journey…the most valuable member of the team”可知,Adolf的幽默感使队员们在整个旅程中哈哈大笑,成功地完成了艰难的旅程,所以,他被认为是最有价值的队员。

该段以此为例来证明幽默感在困难处境下的重要性。

故C选项“在困境中,幽默的人可以振奋人心”正确。

5.标题归纳题。

文章第一段开门见山,直入主题:美国宇航局有一份新的工作。

它正在寻找一个“小丑”来加入前往火星的任务中。

下文分析了美国宇航局这么做的原因:幽默感可以缓解宇航员的压力,从而专心工作。

文章还以Adolf Lindstrom为例,证明了这一点。

最后,文章强调了对“小丑”的要求。

文章是围绕美国宇航局的这份新工作为中心展开的。

故C选项适合作标题。