高中英语语法复习 第2讲 语态讲练

二语态

语法精讲1. 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语（vi. Vt.）的形式叫主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语(vt.)用被动语态。被动语态的结构：

1）一般现在时：You are required to do this.

2）一般过去时：The story was told by her.

3）一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

4）现在进行时：The road is being widened.

5）过去进行时：The new tool was being made.

6）过去完成时：He said that work had been finished.

7）现在完成时：The novel has been read.

2.一些特殊的被动结构：

1）情态动词的被动结构：The problem must be solved soon.

2）带非谓语的被动结构：

The room is going to be painted. I hate being made fun of.

3）短语动词的被动结构：

①（不及物）动词+介词：

agree to, ask for, call for, laugh at, listen to, look after, operate on, send for, talk about, think of. etc.

②（及物）动词+副词：

bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, point out, put away, turn down, work out, etc.

③动词+副词/名词+介词：

do away with, face up to, give in to, look down upon, make up for, put up with , take care of, catch sight of, take notice of, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire/light to, take hold of, keep an eye on, make use of, make a fool of，etc.

The baby is looked after carefully. Close attention must be paid to it.

They will be taken (good) care of. Good care will be taken of them.

4）复合宾语的被动结构：

Tom was found ill/lying in bed/injured/ of great value/outside.（宾补变为主补）5）“get done”结构通常表示①动作的结果②未曾料到的事态③“最后终于”出现的某

种事态： get burnt, get paid, get dressed, get married, get injured, get wounded, get robbed, get frightened, get excited, get interested, etc.

3．系表结构与被动结构的区别：

The glass is broken now. The book is well written. (状态。无动作执行时间或执行者)

The glass was broken by Tom just now.（动作。有动作时间或执行者）

The homework remains untouched/undone.

4．主动形式表示被动意义：

1）某些动词作谓语：sell, read, feel, write, wear, wash, open, clean, cook, keep, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, run, record, begin, shut, etc.

The books sell well. The machine runs well. Your poem reads well.

This coat wears long. The cloth washes easily. The pen writes smoothly.

2）表示状态特征的连系动词：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。

Good medicine tastes bitter. What you said proved to be correct.

3）动词want, need, require 等当“需要”讲时：

The patient needs operating on/to be operated on without delay.

4）be worth doing=be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done

The place is worth a second visit.= The place is worth visiting again. 5）不定式的主动形式表被动意义：

①句中不定式的逻辑主语是句中的主语或宾语时：

I have a lot of work to do. I’ll give him something to read.

②“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构中，不定式与主语构成动宾关系：

His telephone number is easy to remember. The man is difficult to deal with.

③在“There + be +名词+不定式”结构中，不定式用主动或被动皆可；

在“This/That + be + 名词 +不定式”中，不定式用主动：

There are many questions to discuss(to be discussed).

This/That is a hard question to answer. That is a nice place to visit.

④不定式to let, to blame, to seek等，常用主动：

Nobody was to blame for the accident. The car is to let.

5．汉语主动，英语被动形式：

It is said that…(= People say that…)据说；I t is hoped that…(=People hope that…)希望；It is supposed that…根据推测说；It must be admitted that…必须承认；it must be pointed out that…必须指出；It is well known that…众所周知；

It will be said that…有人会说；It will generally be considered that…大家认为；It is believed that…有人相信

6．主动句不能变为被动句的情况：

1）谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, benefit, lack等。