句子成分和五种句子类型(全)PPT精品文档
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主语、谓语、宾语、表语
句子的次要成分：
定语、状语、补足语（同位语、插入语)
5
1.主语(subject)
❖ 1. 主语是句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体.
❖ 2.一般在句首。
❖ 3. 一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词或短语(不定式， 动名词或从句)充当。 1. We study in LianPing Middle School. 代词 2.Our classroom is very clean. 名词 3.To teach you English is my job. 不定式
❖ 9.The book is what I need. 从句
8
4.宾语(object)
❖ 1. 一个动作的承受者，表示动作的对象或结果。
❖ 2.用在及物动词或介词后面.
❖ She is playing the piano.
He often helps me.
He likes to sleep in the open air.
7
3.表语(predicative)
❖ 1. 说明主语的身份或特征、属性、状态等。2. 位于在 系动词后面。3.充当短语的可以使单词、短语或从句。
❖ 1.You look younger than before. 形容词
❖ 2.I am a teacher. 名词
❖ 3.Jim is out.
副词
❖ Please make yourself at home. 介词短语
❖ Please keep the dog out. 副词
❖ We call her Miss Zhang. 名词
11
6.主语补足语(subject complement)
He is addicted to smoking.
We enjoy living in China.
3.宾语包括直接宾语和间接宾语。
❖ Please pass me the book.
❖ = Please pass the book to me.
❖ He bought her some flowers.
按句子结构，句子可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句。只有一个 主语（并列主语）和一个谓语（并列谓语），句子成分都是由单词 和短语表示，这样的句子称为简单句。简单句最基本的类型有五种， 其他各种句型都是由这五种句型变化而来的。掌握这五种基本句型， 是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
4
句子成分的构成
句子的主要成分：
❖ 放在宾语后面,对宾语进行补充说明,与宾语一起构 成复合宾语。
❖ I made my room beautiful. 形容词
❖ I can see her dancing there.
现在分词
❖ He made himself known to them. 过去分词
❖ She asked me to lend her my bike.不定式
定式 ❖ I enjoy reading foreign stories, especially ❖ American ones.（V-ing形式） ❖ We all believe that you are suitable for this work.
（从句
10
5.宾语补足语(object complement)
1
2
什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第
一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！
I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is !
3
句子包括哪些成分？
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、 状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语 （predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语 （attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
4.Surfing, diving and swimming 5.Four plus four is eight.数词
are
all
w动ate名r 词sports.
6.What you said made me sad. 从句
7.The y源自文库ung should respect the old. the+adj.
❖ 4.Now they are at home. 介词短语
❖ 5.I’m not quite myself today.反身代词
❖ 6.He got lost in the forest. 过去分词
❖ 7.His hobby is swimming. 动名词
❖ 8.My job is to teach you English. 不定式
❖ =He bought some flowers for her.
9
❖ I had bread and milk for breakfast this morning. ❖ Where did you buy that?(名词） ❖ I need twenty works.（数词） ❖ He always does the unexpected.（名词化的形容词 ❖ Remember to tell him to come to the lecture.（不
8.It made me excited that dad bought me a
computer.
it作形式主语 6
2.谓语(verb)
❖ 1. 表示主语的行为动作或所处的状态。 ❖ 2. 必须由动词充当。 ❖ 3.一般在主语后面，和主语在人称和数方面必须一致。 ❖ 谓语有简单谓语、复合谓语之分。 ❖ (1) 简单谓语： 是由动词或动词词组组成的。 ❖ She always studies hard. ❖ He often listens to music. ❖ (2) 复合谓语：是由“情态动词或助动词 + 动词”构成. ❖ He can speak English. ❖ We have finished reading the book. ❖ I did see her yesterday.
句子的次要成分：
定语、状语、补足语（同位语、插入语)
5
1.主语(subject)
❖ 1. 主语是句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体.
❖ 2.一般在句首。
❖ 3. 一般由名词，代词或相当于名词的词或短语(不定式， 动名词或从句)充当。 1. We study in LianPing Middle School. 代词 2.Our classroom is very clean. 名词 3.To teach you English is my job. 不定式
❖ 9.The book is what I need. 从句
8
4.宾语(object)
❖ 1. 一个动作的承受者，表示动作的对象或结果。
❖ 2.用在及物动词或介词后面.
❖ She is playing the piano.
He often helps me.
He likes to sleep in the open air.
7
3.表语(predicative)
❖ 1. 说明主语的身份或特征、属性、状态等。2. 位于在 系动词后面。3.充当短语的可以使单词、短语或从句。
❖ 1.You look younger than before. 形容词
❖ 2.I am a teacher. 名词
❖ 3.Jim is out.
副词
❖ Please make yourself at home. 介词短语
❖ Please keep the dog out. 副词
❖ We call her Miss Zhang. 名词
11
6.主语补足语(subject complement)
He is addicted to smoking.
We enjoy living in China.
3.宾语包括直接宾语和间接宾语。
❖ Please pass me the book.
❖ = Please pass the book to me.
❖ He bought her some flowers.
按句子结构，句子可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句。只有一个 主语（并列主语）和一个谓语（并列谓语），句子成分都是由单词 和短语表示，这样的句子称为简单句。简单句最基本的类型有五种， 其他各种句型都是由这五种句型变化而来的。掌握这五种基本句型， 是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
4
句子成分的构成
句子的主要成分：
❖ 放在宾语后面,对宾语进行补充说明,与宾语一起构 成复合宾语。
❖ I made my room beautiful. 形容词
❖ I can see her dancing there.
现在分词
❖ He made himself known to them. 过去分词
❖ She asked me to lend her my bike.不定式
定式 ❖ I enjoy reading foreign stories, especially ❖ American ones.（V-ing形式） ❖ We all believe that you are suitable for this work.
（从句
10
5.宾语补足语(object complement)
1
2
什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第
一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！
I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is !
3
句子包括哪些成分？
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、 状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语 （predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语 （attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
4.Surfing, diving and swimming 5.Four plus four is eight.数词
are
all
w动ate名r 词sports.
6.What you said made me sad. 从句
7.The y源自文库ung should respect the old. the+adj.
❖ 4.Now they are at home. 介词短语
❖ 5.I’m not quite myself today.反身代词
❖ 6.He got lost in the forest. 过去分词
❖ 7.His hobby is swimming. 动名词
❖ 8.My job is to teach you English. 不定式
❖ =He bought some flowers for her.
9
❖ I had bread and milk for breakfast this morning. ❖ Where did you buy that?(名词） ❖ I need twenty works.（数词） ❖ He always does the unexpected.（名词化的形容词 ❖ Remember to tell him to come to the lecture.（不
8.It made me excited that dad bought me a
computer.
it作形式主语 6
2.谓语(verb)
❖ 1. 表示主语的行为动作或所处的状态。 ❖ 2. 必须由动词充当。 ❖ 3.一般在主语后面，和主语在人称和数方面必须一致。 ❖ 谓语有简单谓语、复合谓语之分。 ❖ (1) 简单谓语： 是由动词或动词词组组成的。 ❖ She always studies hard. ❖ He often listens to music. ❖ (2) 复合谓语：是由“情态动词或助动词 + 动词”构成. ❖ He can speak English. ❖ We have finished reading the book. ❖ I did see her yesterday.