有机硼做中间体的合成反应
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1979 Nobel Prize
Born in London, Professor Brown came to the USA at the age of two. He attended Wright Junior College prior to enrolling at the University of Chicago, where he completed his BS in 1936 and his PhD in 1938. His graduate studies under the guidance of H. I. Schlesinger were focused on the reaction of diborane with carbonyl compounds. After studying free-radical reactions in Chicago in 1939 with M. S. Karasch, he became Schlesingers assistant with the rank of instructor. During his career, he supervised 163 PhD students and 190 postdoctoral fellows. He also authored 8 books and nearly 1300 scientific publications.
二.碳-氢键的形成 1.还原反应 . , 在室温下能使 C=O,COOR,COOH,CN 等还原
BH3
C
O +
C
O
BH2 H
C H
O
BH2
R2BH, RBH 2 作还原剂选择性更好
例
BH2
还原, 可使 C=O 还原,但COOR,COCl,COOH均不 均不 还原。 还原。
2. 硼氢化反应
R C R1 CHR2 + B 2H 6 R R1 CH HOAc R CHR2 H B OAc R1 CH
+
Ph C
CH
1.Br2 2.加热
4、
BH
+
Li C
CR
CH3SO3H
O
1.Sia2BH 2.HOAc
Ph
5、
BH2
R
OAc
1. CO 2.H2O2/NaOH
Py/HCrO3Cl
OH
6、
BH3
R C
C Br
NaOCH3
HOAc
H2O2 NaOH
CH2CH 2OOEt
2.1,4-加成反应 . , -
OBR2 R3B + CH 2 CHCOOR 1 (PhCOO)2 R CH2CH C R1 H2O RCH CH COR 2 2
R 3B R +
O2
R O CHCOR1 R CH 2CH C R1
CH2 R3B
OBR2 R CH2CH C R1 + R
BHBr SMe2
HC
C
C10H21-n
Br B H NaOCH 3
OCH3 B H
H H I2/NaOCH3 C10H21-n H ArCO3H O H
C10H21-n
七.与炔基锂反应
R 3B + LiC CR
1
R3B
C
CR
1
Li
I2
R R B R C I
R R B R BrCH2COY C CR
2
Br2
R
Br C H BSia 2
HO H
R H C Br
H C Br BSia 2
HOH R C H C H (Z型) 型 Br H Br R C C H BSia2 Br R C H C H Br ( E型) 型
五.碳碳键的形成
1.烃化反应 .
O R 3B + R CH C R Br
O R CH C Br R B R R
CH3 BH H 3C
2
CH3 H
2
B
H H 2O 2 NaOH CH2CH 3
C H3 HO C H Et R-2-丁醇 丁 99.1%ee %
H
H H H B H H CH3 H CH3 H
S M M S
H 3C L B L H H
CH 3 H 3C H H C B C H CH3 H H 3C H HO Et
(1)
(2)
RCH2CH 2BH2 + RCH
(RCH2CH2)2BH
+ RCH
CH2
(RCH2CH2)3B
(3)
反应速度:(1 反应速度:(1)>(2)>(3) :( 商业试剂: BH3.SMe2 商业试剂:
重要硼烷试剂: 重要硼烷试剂
H 3C C H 3C C CH3 H + B 2H 6 H 3C CH3 CH3 C H C H BH 2
H
R1 H
H
R1
R2B
H
I I2 R
R B H I H R
1
R R I B H
H
R1 I
H
R1 OH I OH R H R B
H
H R1 I
R H R1
H
R
R H R NC R
R1
H R1
R2B
H
BrCN
R NC
B H Br
H
R
1
B
Br
H
H
R1
HBBr2 SMe2
BBr2 SMe2
1/4 LiAlH 4
1
1
2
t-BuOK t-BuOH
O
O R1 CH C R2 R
R1 O C C R2 Br R B OBu R
R
2 t-BuOK
R
1C
C R
2
R 3B
R R B R
Br O t-BuOH 2 C C R R
1
R1 CH
O C R2 +
CH3
R
例
CH3 + BH
CH3 B BrCH2COOEt t-BuOK
RX:乙烯卤,芳卤,烯丙卤,苄卤 乙烯卤,芳卤,烯丙卤, 乙烯卤
R2 PdL4 R R2 PdR L2 R OB R2 B RPdOR 1 L 2
1
RX
RPdX L 2 R1ONa NaX
有机硼习题
1、
+
B2H6
H2O2 NaOH
O
加热
CF3
i-Pr2BH
BrCN
2、
Ph3 P
C CH3
O
3、
O
BH
OAc
B OAc
1. CO/H2O 2. H2O 2/NaOH O
O OH
1. PyCrO 3Cl 2. NaOH
(3)合成醛和伯醇 )
CO + LiAlH(OCH3)3
B
R
+
NaOH/H 2O H B R OAl(OCH3)3 RCHO NaOH/H2O2 RCH2OH
六.与炔化物反应
H I2 R 2B R2BH + HC CR1 H R1 BrCN H NaOH R R
R R B C R OH OH
R1 B R2
R
CO H 2O
H 2O 2 NaOH
O R2
例
BH2 + CH3CH CHCH3 B
CH 3
H CH3
OCOCH3 n
B
CH3 1. CO/H2O 2. H2O2/NaOH O
n O
O
n O
O
Cl B H SMe 3 B Cl
KBH(OPr-i)3 B H
H2O2/NaOH (RCH 2CH2)3B
3RCH2CH 2OH
R B + O O H
R B O
O H
B O R OH
+ OH
B OH + RO
B O + ROH
CH 3 BH2 B
CH3 HO 1.HOAc 2.H 2O 2/NaOH
CH3
H H D(+ ) 苧 ( H D(—)-新薄 荷醇 新
四.碳卤键的形成
Br2 NaOCH 3 RCH2CH 2Br RCH CH2 (RCH 2CH2)3B NaI 氯胺-T RCH2CH 2I
R R B R Br Br
R B R
R Br Br
OCH3
R B OCH3 + R R Br
RC
CH
Sia 2BH R C H
H
H C C 反 式加 成 Br BSia
第五章 有机硼作中间体的合成反应
B : 2s22p1 1. 极性 极性:
RCH CH2 + B H
δ B
+
δ H
RCH H
-
CH2 B
RBH2
R2BH R3B
2. 烃基负离子源泉
R B + :A
R B A R B A
形成C- , - , - , - 键等 形成 -O,C-X,C-N,C-C键等
3.自由基源泉 3.自由基源泉
例
B
Br
+
BrMg
B
O O
1. HO 2.
O OH BH H Z-型 型 H
2
3. HOAc 4. HCl/H2O
3.羰基化反应 . (1)合成叔醇 )
常压 R 3B + CO 100~125 C
R R 3B + C O R B R R R B O R B O R R R C O R B R
0
R3CBO
CHR2 H
RC
CR +
Sia 2BH
R C H C
R
HOAc
R C H C
R H
BSia2
(顺式) 顺
Da-Ming Du, Tao Fang, Jiaxi Xu, and Shi-Wei Zhang Org. Lett. 2006, 8(7), 1327.
三.碳氧键的形成
RCH
CH2 + B2H 6
R B + O2 R + B O O
一.有机硼试剂的制备 1.烃基硼烷的制备 .
3NaBH 4 + 4BF3Et2O THF
THF
2B2H6 + 3NaBF 4 + 4Et2O
B2H6 + 2H 2 + 2Na
2NaBH 4 + 2H
RCH
CH2
+ B 2H 6
CH2
RCH2CH 2BH2
(RCH2CH 2)2BH
其它硼试剂 (1) H 3B SMe2
2H3B SMe2
OH + H 3B THF OH O
+
2Cl3B SMe 2
3Cl2BH
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
SMe2
+
Cl3B
SMe2
3ClBH2 SMe 2
O BH + H2
(2)
(3)
B
+
H
B
3-蒎基-9-硼[3.3.1]壬烷
Wei Zhu and Dawei Ma Formation of Arylboronates by a CuI-Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Pinacolborane with Aryl Iodides at Room Temperature ORGANIC LETTERS, 2006,261-263. , ,
Secondary isoamyl borane Sia 2BH
H 3C H 3C C
CH 3 + C CH3
CH3 CH3 B2H6 HC C BH2 CH3 CH3 thexyl borane BH2
8 1 + B 2H 6 2 3 9 BH
7 6 5 4
H B
BH
9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane 9-BBN
H 2O 2 NaOH
R3COH
R C O
例
OH B 2H 6 B 2. H2O2/NaOH 1. CO C
(2)合成酮 )
R R 3B + CO + H2O R B C R OH OH H 2O 2 NaOH R R O
R H 2O R B O
R1 BH2 B H R B C R OH OH R1
1
R CR 1 Li I R2B
R1 RC I
O H 2O 2 NaOH HOAc R1 CH R1 R2
CR 1
Li
R X R 2B R2
2
R
R1
R R
C
H O
R2
R
R1
H 2O 2 NaOH
R Y O
R 2B
CH2COY
八.偶联反应
Pd(PPh3)4 BSia2 + RX NaOEt/EtOH R