英语翻译作业
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
3
This
sort of situation highlights a critical weakness in the leadership: accountability.
原译:这种情况突出了领导层极为严重的弱点: 有责任心。 改译:这种情况突出了领导层极为严重的弱点: 无责任心(玩忽职守)。
9
汉语中含有否定或者反说词语:
“不”、“没有”、“无”、“非”、 “未”、“否”、“休”、“勿”、“别”、 “莫”、“毋”等。
英汉语中不含这些成分的词句称为正说,即
肯定。
10
3. Affirmative VS. Negative in Translation
正反译法适用的范围很广,不仅包括动词、 名词、形容词、副词、介词、连词等不同 词类,而且还包括一些习惯表达、词组或 短语以及从句等。
4
由于中西方人们思维方式和词语的差异,体
现在语言习惯上,便产生了两种语言各自独 特的表达形式。 有的英语句子形式上是肯定的而实质上是否 定的。 有的英语句子形式上是否定的而实质上是肯 定的。 因此,在恰当的场合灵活运用正反译法不失 为确保译文语义明晰、文从字顺的有效手段。
5
2. What is Affirmative and Negative?
13
3.3 Some expressions
riot police
防暴警察(即anti-riot police,而不是暴 乱的警察)
crisis law
反危机法案(即anti-crisis law)
life sentence
终身监禁 无期徒刑
14
3.4 Verbs and verb phrases (英正汉反)
请勿倒置! 请勿践踏草坪! 不准换线! 非请勿入。
12
3.2 Some proverbs
Seeing
is believing. 百闻不如一见。 Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达。 Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven. 宁为鸡头,不为牛后。 Bite off more than one can chew. 贪多嚼不烂。
那完全是个奇迹。
6
English
negative involves both lexical and syntactic devices. Generally speaking, English negative words and expressions fall into the following categories:
That window refuses to open.
那扇窗户打不开。
Such a chance was denied to me.
我没有得到这样一个机会。 Scientists reject authority as an ultimate basis for truth. 科学家不承认权威是真理的最后根据。
23
Now you try:
(汉反英正)
1.我们完全不知道他的计划。 2.不注意文化差异或当地习俗可能会产生问题。 3.他不在的时候,我感到很寂寞。 4.他未能履行诺言,我们大家都很失望。
1.We are in complete ignorance of his plan. 2.Lack of awareness of cultural differences or local customs can create problems. 3. In his absence, I felt very lonely. 4.His failure to carry out his promise has disappointed everyone of us.
21
3.5 Nouns and noun phrases(英正汉反)
There was complete absence of information on the oil deposit in this area.
关于该地区的石油储量情况,人们毫无所知。
Shortness of time has required the omission of some states.
16
3.4 Verbs and verb phrases
(汉反英正)
我们决不辜负全国人民对我们的希望。
We will live up to the expectations of our people.
我们讨论问题时,不能忘记这些基本观点。
These basic concepts must be kept in mind in our discussion.
英语里有些从正面表达的词语或句子,汉译
时可以从反面来表达,即正说反译法;
He slept away before the class started.
还没有开始上课,他就昏昏入睡了。
英语里有些从反面表达的词语或句子,汉译
时可从正面来表达,即反说正译法。
That is nothing but a miracle.
由于时间不够,没能访问某些国家。
22
作为名词用的含蓄否定词还有:
defiance (不顾;无视) denial (否认;否定, 不承认) exclusion (排除,不包括) failure (不及格;不成功) freedom (不……;免除), ignorance (无知;不懂) lack (不注意) refusal (不愿;不允许) reluctance (不情愿;不乐意) withdrawal (不再参加)等。
1. 他不愿接受那笔款项。 2.我只是不愿看到你这样对待自己。 3.星期天吉姆无所事事。 4.使我们失望的是他不顾大局。 1.He refused to take the money. 2.I just hate to see you doing this to yourself. 3.On Sunday Jim idles away his time. 4.To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account. It disappointed us that he failed to… 19 What made us disappointed was that he failed to …
The
25
3.6 Adjectives and adjective phrases (英正汉反)
The
explanation is pretty thin. 这种解释理由很不充分。 He would be the last man to say such things. 他绝不可能说这种话。 Worm gear(涡轮) drives are quiet and vibration free. 涡轮传动没有噪音,没有震动。
Biblioteka Baidu
8
4) Words with negative implication: fail, refrain, refuse, neglect, ignore, absence, lack, denial, carelessness ignorant, free, short, hard, until, unless, lest, without, beyond, other than, except, instead of, rather than, etc. 5) Prefixes with negative implication: non-, un-, im-, in-, ir-, dis-, non-, -less
24
More examples:
The
Foreign Ministry has issued a flat denial of any involvement. 外交部已经坚决否认参与过此事。
committee decided to make a withdrawal of financial support for his scheme. 委员会决定不再资助他的计划。
15
3.4 Verbs and verb phrases (英正汉反)
Water is a good lubricant, if you can devise a way to keep it from leaking out or evaporating.
如果能设法使水不漏出来或不蒸发掉,那么 水就是一种很好的润滑剂。
More examples:
During
those years, he declined to join rowdier colleagues in pursuit of pleasure. 在最初的几年中,他不和那些吵吵嚷嚷的同 事一起寻欢作乐。
20
To
avoid the middle-income trap, China will need to raise its "total factor productivity", which demands innovation, new ideas and working smart, improvements, not more use of resources. 中国要避免中等收入陷阱,需提升“全要素 生产率”,而这离不开创新、新理念、高效 工作和技术进步,而不是过度消耗资源。
17
类似的动词还有: fail (不能; 未能) lack (缺乏;没有) defy (不服从;不遵守;不让) ban (不许) forbid (不许) prohibit (不许) hate (不乐意) stop (不准) ignore (不理;不肯考虑)等。
18
Now you try:
(汉反英正)
Chapter Six Affirmative vs. Negative in Translation
1 Introduction
肯定与否定是一种语言固有的现象。
一般情况下,翻译时可以对应。 有时候并非完全对应。 A: Are you not going? 你不去吗? B: No, I’m not going. 是的,我不去。
2
I
like Xi’an very much, don’t you?
我很喜欢西安,你呢?
An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself. 机会难得。
Inflation
is a target of bank’s new policy.
遏制通货膨胀是银行新政策的目标。
11
3.1 Some idiomatic expressions
闲人免入 少儿不宜 油漆未干 甜而不腻 Keep upright! Keep off the grass! Keep in lane! Admission by invitation only.
staff only adults only wet paint agreeable sweetness
26
类似的形容词及其短语:
absent (不在;不到) alone (不打扰;莫管) awkward (不熟练;不灵活;不方便) bad (令人不愉快的;不受欢迎的;不舒服的) blind (看不到;不注意) dead (无生命的;无感觉的;不毛的) difficult (不容易的) different (不同的) poor (不幸的;不好的) still (不动的;不狂躁的) foreign to (不适合的;与……无关) new to (不了解) far from (远远不是;远非) short of (不够)
1) Full negatives: no, not, none, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere, neither, nor
7
2) Semi negatives: hardly, scarcely, seldom, barely, few, little, otherwise, etc. 3) Partial negatives: not every, not all, not both, not much, not any, not always, etc