研究生英语考试

REVIEWING MATERIAL FOR 2007 GRADUATES (II) Part I Vocabulary and Grammar1. By now John was _______with indignation（愤怒）and we gathered round trying to pacify（使平静）him.A. pouncing（扑过去抓住）B. convulsing（震撼）C. harking（听）D. seething（沸腾）2. If you are ________to something, you feel strongly that you‟re not willing to do it or that you don‟t like it.A. averse（厌恶）B. avid（狂热）C. awesome（可怕的）D. azure（天蓝色的）3. Are you going to hang the ______of the Declaration of Independence in the classroom or in the auditorium（大礼堂）?A. goddess（女神）B. replicaC. typhoid（伤寒）D. typhus（斑疹伤寒）4. If early humans hadn‟t moved and ________as much as they did, they probably would have continued to evolve into different species.A. inhabitedB. interchangedC. intermingled（交织）D. migrated5._________ and environmental groups, including Greenpeace, say that many parts of the Andes will suffer if they become over-developed.A. Indigenous（本地的）B. Indigent（贫困）C. IndignantD. Indiscreet (轻率)6. Much of what he said was beyond her comprehension but she understood the _______of his remarks.A. tack (钉子)B. tact（机智的）C. tanner（皮匠）D. tenor (大意)7. Most banks offer ________facilities to students, to help them when they run short of money.A. oversight监督B. overdraft透支C. overdose过量D. overseeing8. The problem of tracing the disease in such formidable country was _______further by the continuous warfare in the area.A. acceleratedB. consolidatedC. exacerbated加剧D. reinforced9. To trap animals a hunter fixes a _______, usually made of cord, across the path they are likely to take.A. lotion 洗涤剂B. lotus莲花C. snarl咆哮D. snare套圈10. Equally, the large group of texts, called the _______, gives us reasonable grounds for omittingmany uses and word forms that do not occur in it.A. worksB. corpus文集C. bodyD. collection11. Caroling Moore, the first woman fellow of Porterhouse, Cambridge, points out that gentleman isnow used only with irony（讽刺）or___________.A. derogation名誉受损B. derivation诱导C. derision嘲笑D. duration时间12. People who love in crowded cities often experience breathing problems during the summer whenhigh temperature combines with _______polluted air.A. drab褐黄色的、单调的B. stagnant不流动的C. lurid可怕的D. hoary灰白13. In the suburbs the spacious house stand in _______contrast to the slums of the city‟s poorA. foolhardy有勇无谋B. furtive鬼鬼祟祟C. insidious阴险的D. stark鲜明的14. The machine allows segments of the film to be viewed repeatedly and at a number of speeds, sothe editor can cut and_______ the film.A. amble缓行B. tinker修改C. splice剪接D. adulate奉承15. Three men were feared dead last night after a helicopter _______off course into an oil platformand ditched into the North Sea.A. veered偏离B. instigated煽动C. falsified伪造D. blandished劝诱16. Tony seems to know a lot about m usic, but sometimes I think he‟s only_______.A. slurring含糊地发音B. smearing把...擦模糊C. bluffing唬人D.blurring模糊17. The American dream is most _______during the periods of productivity and wealth generated byAmerican capitalism.A. plausible貌似有理的B. patriotic爱国的C. primitive原始的D. partial部分18. I‟m very concerned that today‟s children may be heading for social ills because they _______lotsof chances for laughter.A. lose out toB. lose toC. lose onD. lose out on失去19. Part of Doraemon‟s particular appeal is that he is ready to _______every situation—and likely,somehow, to get it wrong.A. take downB. take on承担C. take outD. take away20. The sun began to _______the morning mist, and accompanied by the sounds of the waking villages,the pilot switched on the engines and moved upstream.A. burst outB. burst uponC. burn off燃烧D. burn into21. When people are physically__ a drug, they suffer ill physical effects if they stop taking the drug.A. absorbed inB. accepted byC. addicted to上瘾D. attracted to22. He became severely ____ when his wife died.A. impressed印象B. embarrassed尴尬C. depressed消沉的D. stressed23. The curiosity to know what was in the letter was so strong that the boy could not _____ himself from opening it.A. restrain阻止B. distract分散C. engage从事D. subject24. When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people_______and ask them questions.A. at lengthB. at random随机的C. in essenceD. in bulk25. I tried very hard to restrain my laugh, but tears started flowing down my cheeks and I began____.A. proffering提供B. defrauding诈骗C. guffawing捧腹大笑D. deflecting 转移26. No set of texts can be fully relied on; the information from the texts has been analyzed and ____bya team of lexicographers.A. appraised评价B. apprised告知C. appreciated欣赏D. apprehended逮捕27. A ____statement is a false and malicious恶意的one meant to harm a person‟s reputation.A. slanderous诽谤B. flattering奉承C. ill-natured虐待脾气D. critical28. This famous businessmen___ most of the profits from his business to various charities after his success.A. donatedB. distributedC. discharged出院D. designated指定29. The announcement will_____the rumors谣言of a takeover that have plagued困扰the companyfor the past 18 months.A. append附加B. scotch镇压C. exhort告戒D. exhale散发出30. Many animals display _____instincts only while their offspring后代are young and helpless.A. cerebral理智的B. imperious专横的C. rueful怜悯的D. maternal母性的31. As a politician, she has to have the_____ of inspiring confidence in her listeners.A. fluke侥幸成功B. knack诀窍C. frenzy疯狂D. venison鹿肉32. Even though he was guilty, the ______ judge did not send him to prison.A. merciful仁慈的B. impartial公正的C. conscientious良心D. conspicuous明显的33. The education ____ for the coming year is about $4 billion, which is much more than what people expected.A. allowanceB. reservationC. budget预算D. finance34. They tossed your thoughts back and forth over an hour, but still could not make ____ of them.A. impressionB. comprehensionC. meaningD. make sense of35. As a ____ actor, he can perform, sing, dance, and play several kinds of musical instruments.A. flexibleB. versatile多才多艺的C. sophisticated尖端D. productive36. Sons of high-ranking females may remain at the center of the troop while others are driven to the__________.A. periphery周边B. perverse走上邪路的C. rewardingD. salutary有益的37. I t‟s very difficult to ____ the exact meaning of an idiom in a foreign language.A. exchangeB. transferC. convey传达D. convert38. When we are reading, the important thing is to ___ the essential meaning, not to learn every single word.A. clasp紧握B. grab抓取C. grasp把握D. grapple抓住39. The rope bridge over the river was so ____that only one person at a time could use it.A. precarious岌岌可危B. stiff僵硬的C. broadD. tenuous脆弱的40. You had the ______situation in which Luxembourg had more listed public bathing beaches thanthe whole of the United Kingdom.A. luminous发光的B. luculent发亮的C. lubricant润滑剂D. ludicrous滑稽的41. In a world where you can tell the rich from the poor by their Internet connections, the povertyline____ the high-speed-digital line.A. trip out 行了B. trigger out触发C. trigger of触发D. trip over绊倒42. Although the members of Parliament wanted to go home, no hope for an early____ could be entertained.A. postponement推迟B. compromiseC. adjustment调整D. adjournment休会43. They claim that_____1，000 factories closed down during the economic crisis．A. sufficiently充分B. approximately大约C. considerably相当的D. properly恰当的44. I think she hurt my feelings _______ rather than by accidents as she claimed.A. virtually几乎B. deliberately故意地C. literally实在地D. appropriately适当地45. They had a fierce _____ as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship whichwas broken years ago.A. debate辩论B. clash冲突C. disagreementD. contest46. During his years in Congress he has____ with the chemical, drug and power companies on behalfof the ordinary person‟s right to breathe clean air.A. tussled争辩B. actuated驱动C. capsized倾覆D. fidgeted烦躁不安47. Although the resistance groups do not show great military ____they frequently penetrate渗透deep into the interior.A. prowess实力B. prowl潜行C. psalm 诗篇D. psyche心灵48. In detective stories, the detective shares all the _____ with the reader but usually withholds theirsignificance until the end.A. evidenceB. detailsC. clues线索D. information49. A good painting is, in fact, a _____ of line, color and composition to express certain meanings.A. accordanceB. balanceC. harmonyD. conformity符合50. His _____should not be confused with miserliness吝啬; she has always been willing to assist the poor.A. frugality节俭B. diffidenceC. intoleranceD. intemperance过度51. She decided to accept his offer of marriage after he____ her for months with flowers and expensive presents.A. wrung迫使B. wiggled摆动C. wonted惯例D. wooed求婚52. If any of the runners interfere with the others during the competition, the race is automaticallydeclared null and _____.A. emptyB. lackingC. uselessD. void无效53. The debate centered on the fear that a rapidly growing population would put an___ strain on thefinite capacity of the earth to provide resources.A. intolerable不能容忍B. moderate中度C. negotiableD. controllable54. A common argument claims that in folk a rt, the artist‟s subordination退让of technical mastery tointense feeling____ the direct communication of emotion to the viewer.A. facilitates便利B. averts 避免C. represses压制D. neutralizes中和55. He _____ tonight with his horrifying fishing stories.A. lived on my nervesB. got on my nervesC. touched a raw nerveD. lost his nerve56. In most cases, robots are now used in repetitive重复, _____ tasks that most people find uninteresting.A. usefulB. prosperousC. negativeD. monotonous单调57. China regained her _____ over Hong Kong on July 1, 1997, after Britain‟s more than 150 years ofcolonization of the island.A. majesty权威B. sovereignty 主权C. authorityD. administration58. In Victoria, Australia, in1850, miners矿工became___ with the high cost of mining licenses andrestrictions on their right to search for gold.A. amazed惊讶B. confused 混淆C. irritated恼火D. puzzled困惑59. During times of war or economic___ many people convert their wealth into precious stones, whichare transplantable and more easily sold.A. distraction分心B. disturbance干扰C. tremor颤抖D. vibration振动60. People who lose their way in a desert often suffer from___ thirst and hunger, in addition to extreme anger.A. painfulB. tormenting折磨C. colossal巨大的D. unperceived无知觉的61. Now a paper in Science argues that organic有机chemicals in the rock come mostly from_____on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.A. configuration配置B. constitution组成C. condemnation谴责D. contamination污染62. The newspaper _______ three whole pages to pictures of the sandstormsA. decorated装饰B. dedicated奉献C. dictated 口述D directed63. Nothing in the contract says ________ how its terms will be enforced.A. extravagantly奢侈地B. empirically凭经验C. exceptionally例外D. explicitly明确地64. The board of directors has decided to ________ any salary increase.A. forgiveB. forfeit 没收C. forgo放弃D. formulate制定65. Although most dreams apparently happen_____ , dream activity may be provoked by external influences.A. simultaneously同时地B.spontaneously自发地C. homogeneously均匀地D. instantaneously瞬间地66. It is obvious that we are going to have a boom in the economy rather than a ______A. recess休会B. concessionC. successionD. recession衰退67. Frankli n D. Roosevelt argued that the Great Depression stemmed from the American economy‟s _________flaws.A. underliningB. vulnerableC. underlying潜在的D. vulgar庸俗.68. Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations , and turning calm situations into __________ones.A .tragic悲惨 B. turbulent骚乱 C. versatile多才多艺的 D. suspicious69. Snobs are usually ___________ of people they feel to be beneath them.A. contemptible 可鄙B. contemptuous轻蔑 C contemporary当代 D. contagious传染性70. The billionaire is ____________to the displaced people in Iraq and decides to contribute a great sum to the areaA .passionate热情的 B. compassionate同情的 C. enthusiastic D. conscientious良心71. The survivor cried out as she suddenly saw the clock tower large in the fog.A .appear B. loom隐约地出现 C. boom D. look72. The softening voice _________ beautifully with the echo of the music.A .fit in适合 B. cut out减少 C. chimed in一致 D. cut in削减73. He had two appointments with me , but __________ me _________on both occasions.A .let… out泄漏 B. let …up让出 C. let down使失望D. let …in74. Nowadays many graduates are looking for the perfect job, which in fact is a _____________.A .fancy花式 B. fantasy幻想 C. fantastic D. fanatic狂热75. The frequent __________ from cold to warm weather this spring have caused many infectious diseases.A .transactions交易 B. transmissions 传输C. transitions过度 D. transformations变革76. It‟s said that the tropical islands are an earthly ______________.A .paradise B. amusement C. entertainment D. disaster77. They thought it might snow; _________they began to climb the mountain.A . despite B. regardless of the fact that C. therefore D. nonetheless尽管如此78. Strategy is a required course in military __________.A collegeB instituteC academyD school79. English is _________ in the main from the common Germanic stock.A derived从中得到B changedC adoptedD formed80. This loss led to demise消亡of the business _____________.A failureB changeC successD prosperity兴旺I．Vocabulary1-5 DABCA 6-10 DBCDB 11-15 CBDCA 16-20 CADBC21-25 CCA BC 26-30 AAABD 31-35 BACDB 36-40 ACCDD41-45 DDBBA 46-50 AACCA 51-55 DDAAB 56-60 DBCBB61-65 ABDCB66-70 DCBBB71-75 BCCBC76-80 ADCAAPart II Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Sport is heading for an indissoluble marriage with television and the passive spectator will enjoy a private paradise. All of this will be in the future of sport. The spectator (the television audience) will be the priority and professional clubs will have to readjust their structures to adapt to the new reality: sport as a business.The new technologies will mean that spectators will no longer have to wait for broadcasts by the conventional channels. They will be the ones who decide what to see. And they will have to pay for it. In the United States the system of the future has already started: pay-as-you-view. Everything will be offered by television and the spectator will only have to choose. The review Sports Illustrated recently published a full profile of the life of the supporter at home in the middle of the next century. It explained that the consumers would be able to select their view of the match on a gigantic, flat screen occupying the whole of one wall, with images of a clarity which cannot be foreseen at present; they could watch from the trainer‟s stands just behind the batter in a game of baseball or from the helmet of the star player in an American football game. And at their disposal will be the sane option s the producer of the recorded programmer has to select replays, to choose which camera to me and to decide on the sound whether to hear the public, the players, the trainer and so on.Many sports executives, largely too old and too conservative to feel at home with the new technologies will believe that sport must control the expansion of television coverage in order to survive and ensure that spectators attend matches. They do not even accept the evidence which contradicts their view while there is more basketball than ever on television, for example, it is also certain that basketball is more popular than ever.It is also the argument of these sports executives that television harming the modest team. This is true, but the future of those teams is also modest. They have reached their ceiling . It is the law of the market. The great events continually attract larger audience.The world I being constructed on new technologies so that people can make the utmost use of their time and , in their home have access to the greatest possible range of recreational activities. Sport will have to adapt itself to the new world.The most visionary executives go further. That philosophy is: rather than see television take over sport why not have sports taken over television?1．What does the writer mean by use of the phrase “an indissoluble marriage” in the first paragraph?A．sport is combined with television. B．sport controls television. C．Television dictates sports.D．Sport and television will go their own ways2．What does “they” in line 2 paragraph 2 stand for?A．Broadcasts. B．Channels. C．Spectators. D．Technologies. 3．How do many sports executives feel with the new technologies?A．they are too old to do anything. B．They feel ill at ease. C．They feel completely at home. D．Technologies can go hand in hand with sports.4．What is going to be discussed in the following paragraphs?A．The philosophy of visionary executives. B．The process of television taking over sport. C．Television coverage expansion.D．An example to show how sport has taken over television.5．What might be the appropriate title of this passage?A．The arguments of sports executives B．The philosophy of visionary executives C．Sports and television in the 21st century D．Sports: a businessPassage 2Don't have time to read anymore? Now you can get free, quick literature via email. More than 100,000 people open their email each day to read a chapter of a book, through Chapter-A-Day, an online book club created two years ago. It's a free email service that provides a short daily reading for busy people, exposing them to literature they may not find ontheir own, inspiring some to recommit to the reading habit. About 550 public library systems representing over 3,000 branch libraries already have signed up to offer Chapter-A-Day. Via email, participants get about five minutes' worth of reading every day. After three chapters are emailed, the installments stop, and those who want to keep reading can borrow the book at their public library or purchase it online. Chapter-A-Day has eight free book clubs, and sells thousands of books each month.Chapter-A-Day started in 1999 when Suzanne Beecher, a lifelong book lover, realized how many of the women who worked part-time for her software development company didn't have time in their busy lives to read. She decided to type part of a chapter of a book, and send it to her employees through email. The next day she typed a little more, and continued to send literary installments each day. She says she started getting feedback from the staff about how reading made them feel. "They were interested, and realized that, though they didn't have time in their busy lives for reading, just reading that little bit each day got them back in the habit". Realizing that many other people could benefit, she decided to take the idea even further and start an email "chapter-a-day" book club to help others ease their way back into daily reading. "Reading makes changes in people's lives." Beecher says.Pat Dempsey, a librarian at a public library in Ohio, has found Chapter-A-Day helps her library clients get back in the habit of reading. "It's a different way to get people hooked on books," she says.6. Chapter-A-Day is intended to help people _.A. get back into the habit of readingB. relieve stress from office workC. find interesting books onlineD. buy books more conveniently7. The passage was written in _.A. 1999B. 2000C. 2001D. 20028. It can be inferred that through Chapter-A-Day _ _.A. public libraries have become crowded with readersB. MS Beecher made much money for her software companyC. people begin to read very slowly and patientlyD. people cannot finish reading any book online9. The word "installment" in t he passage probably means “”.A. a library emailB. a rare piece of literatureC. a free novelD. a part of a book10. Ms Beecher decided to expand her Chapter-A-Day service because .A. over 3,000 libraries had joinedB. many other people could benefitC. eight book clubs supported herD. free email service was availablePassage 3According to the United States government, people are classified as homeless if they have no place to stay and no expectation of finding a place for the next thirty days. Although technically accurate, that is an impersonal assessment of an enormous and very human problem.The homeless population represents all of us Americans. It includes men and women, the elderly, children, and infants. Its members are from all ethnic (种族的) groups. What they have in common is poverty.Currently in the U.S., thirty-nine million people live in poverty. When money is really tight, paying the rent or buying food often becomes a choice. Government assistance in the form of food stamps does help but, as one homeless man explains, you can‟t pay the rent with food stamps.With no money for rent, the streets and homeless shelters become the alternative.Although men constitute the largest group within the homeless population, homeless women with children are rapidly joining them. In fact, one quarter of the homeless people in the U.S. are teenagers and young children.People may become homeless for numerous reasons. However, there are certain factors that many of these individuals have in common. They include a lack of adequate education and job skills. A majority of the teenagers and adults have not completed high school.The abuse of alcohol and drugs is also a common factor. One third of the adult homeless population abuses alcohol, while one quarter of the same group uses drugs.Some members of this population suffer mental health problems. Within the past several years many institutions for the mentally ill have been closed and their patients sent “home”. Unfortunately, a number of those people have no home to go to and they are unable to adequately look after themselves.Job loss in today‟s economy has also become a real factor in the loss of people‟s ho mes. The breakup of families through abandonment and divorce are also contributing factors, particularly when there are children involved. The parent who is left to care for the kids with inadequate income may be forced to depend on the homeless shelters to put a roof over their heads.11. The writer thinks that the U.S. government‟s definition of the homeless reveals ______.A. an insincere attitude toward the homelessB. an unbearable attitude toward the homelessC. an uncivilized attitude toward the homelessD. an unsympathetic attitude toward the homeless12. The U.S. government helps the homeless by ______.A. giving them homeless allowancesB. giving them food stampsC. finding jobs for themD. finding residences for them13. Most of the homeless in the U.S. are ______.A. male adultsB. female adultsC. the elderlyD. children14. People become homeless for all the following reasons EXCEPT ______.A. the lack of adequate educationB. the abuse of alcohol and drugsC. the closure of institutions for the mentally illD. the poor performance of economy15. The breakup of families is likely to lead to homelessness because a parent with kids may ______.A. lose his or her job in today‟s economyB. be unable to look after the kidsC. not have enough incomeD. find residence at a homeless shelterPassage 4In early 2004 eight tiny sensors were dropped from a plane near a military base in California. After hitting the ground, the sensors—also known as smart dust sensors—organized themselves into a network and quickly detected a fleet of military vehicles on the ground. The determined the direction, speed and size of a series of military vehicles traveling along the road and later transmitted the data to a computer at a nearby base camp.Smart dust sensors are minicomputers—as small as a grain of rice in some cases—that can monitor and evaluate their physical environment and can relay the information via wireless communication. They can monitor elements such as temperature, moisture, humidity, pressure, energy use, vibration, light, motion, radiation, gas, and chemicals. These devices will soon have many applications, such as use in emergency rescue.Software has been developed to run these minicomputers. A key feature of the software is the ability of the sensors to automatically organize themselves into a communications network and talk to each other via wireless radio signals. If any one connection is interrupted, the sensors will self-correct and pass the information on to the next available sensor.Each sensor has a chip that does the computing work—recording things like temperature and motion at its location. Each sensor also has a tiny radio transmitter that allows it to talk to other sensors within 100 feet or so. With a single network of 10,000 sensors—thought to be the biggest array (阵列) of sensors currently possible—you could cover 9 square miles and get information about each point along the way. The data finally works its way to a base station that can send the information to a computer or to a wireless network.The scientists who are working with this technology say smart dust sensors can be used to detect the location or movement of enemy troops in areas too dangerous or remote for soldiers to operate. Scattering hundreds of self-networking sensors from a manned or unmanned plane onto the battlefield, in theory, could produce critical information and lead to strategic advantage. Sensors could also be used to detect the presence of chemical weapons and could give troops the time needed to put on protective gear.16. Smart dust sensors can do all the following EXCEPT ______.A. giving troops their protective gearB. organizing themselves into a computer networkC. detecting the movement of military vehicles nearbyD. operating in remote and dangerous war zones17. By “physical environment” (Paragraph 2), the writer means such elements as ______.A. the position of military troopsB. the presence of minicomputersC. the strength of radio signalsD. the amount of water vapor in the air18. If connection between two sensors is blocked, the network will automatically ______.A. replace the sensor involvedB. repair the sensor involvedC. ignore the sensor involvedD. destroy the sensor involved19. To cover an area of 3 square miles and get information about each point along the way, how many smart dust sensors are needed?A. About 3,000 sensors.B. About 3,300 sensors.C. About 5,000 sensors.D. About 6,600 sensors.20. The passage implies that the smart dust sensors are most likely to be used in ______.A. emergency rescueB. monitoring pollutionC. military operationsD. evaluating the environmentPassage 5The differences in living standards around the world are vast．In 1993，the average American had an income of about$25，000.In the same year，the average Mexican earned$7，000，and the average Nigerian camed$1，500,Not surprisingly，this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life．Changes in living standards over time are also 1arge．In the United States，incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year(after adjusting for changes in the cost of living)．At this rate，average income doubles every 35years．In some countries，economic growth has been even more rapid．In Japan，for instance，average income has doubled in the past 20 years，and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10years．What explains these 1arge differences in 1iving standards among countries and over time? The answer is surprisingly Simple．A1most a11 variation in 1iving standards is attributable to differences in countries‟ productivity-----that is，the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker's time．In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time，most people enjoy a high standard of living；in nations where workers are less productive，most people must endure a more meager existence．Similarly，the growth rate of a nation's productivity determines the growth rate of its average income．The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple，but its implications are far-reaching．If productivity is the primary determinant of livings standards，other explanations must be of secondary importance．For example，people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage 1aws contributed to the rise in 1iving standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity．The relationship between productivity and living standards also has great implications for public po1icy．When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards，the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services．To improve living standards，po1icy makers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated，have the too1s needed to produce goods and services，and have access to the best available technology．21．Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in history?A．Mexico．B．The United States ．C．Japan．D．South Korea ．22．The word “meager” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to“__________”．A．modest B．poor C． meaning less D．plentiful23．What is the most important factor that leads to the rise in living standards of average people?A．Labor unions．B．Minimum-wage laws ．C．Rising productivity． D．Favorable publicpo1icy． 24．The study of the relationship between productivity and 1iving standards is significant in that_________．A．it calls po1icy makers‟ attention to a qualified work force。