翻译入门四

（二）增加名词
When the exploration was completed, the two astronauts on the moon returned back to the spaceship immediately. 等勘察工作完成，月球上的两位宇航员立即返回 宇宙飞船内。 Mother was not happy with my arrogance. 妈妈对我的自满情绪感到不高兴。
3. 增加副词 蜡烛有泪还惜别， 替人垂泪到天明。 Even the candle, feeling our sadness, Weeps, as we do, all night long.
三个臭皮匠顶一个诸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang, the master mind. 班门弄斧 Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban, the master carpenter. 他在这出戏中扮演包公。 In this opera, he played the male role of Judge Bao, the just and impartial in Chinese history.
As for me, I didn’t agree from the very beginning. 至于我呢，从一开始我就不赞成。
（三）增加形容词
1. The plane twisted under me, trailing flame and smoke. 飞机在下面螺旋下降，拖着浓烟烈焰掉了下去。
Exercise
翻译下列各句，为使句意完整通顺可添加适当词语 1) With what enthusiasm the students are learning English ! 2) The crowds melted away. 3）In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China 4）The old man said: “his father was a fisherman, Maybe he was as poor as we are.” 5）Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.
1. 关系代词（关系副词） 没有调查就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 谁都知道朝鲜战场的生活是艰苦些。 Everyone knows that life on the Korean battle-field is rather hard. 小不忍则乱大谋。 If one is not patient in small thing, one will never be able to control great ventures.
Exercise
1)跑了和尚跑不了庙 The monk may run away, but the temple can’t run away with him.
2)送君千里，终有一别。 Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last. 3)有眼不识泰山。 Have eyes but fail to see Mountain Tai--fail to recognize someone’s eminence.
2. O,Tom, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! (Mark Twain) 哦，汤姆，生在破烂，肮脏和 苦难中，现在这番景象却是多 么煊赫啊！
（四）增加副词
1. The audience grew impatient. 观众渐渐地变得不耐烦了
Laptops are smaller, lighter but more expensive as compared with desktops. 和台式电脑比起来，手提电脑体积小，重量轻， 但是价格更贵一些。
These early cars were slow, clumsy and inefficient. 这些早期生产的汽车速度缓慢，操作笨拙而且效率很低。
(一）增加动词
▲Reading
makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。
▲In
the evening, after the dinner, the concert and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on his novel. 晚上在参加宴会，出席音乐会，观看乒乓球表演后,他还要 写小说。
Before 15th century it was generally believed that the earth was the center of the universe. 15世纪前，人们普遍认为地球是宇宙的中心。 All matter is known to possess weight. 大家都知道，所有物质都有质量。
五 减译法（减词法）
（一） 省略代词 1． 人称代词的省略 But it’s the I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it. 但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。 Since copper possesses good conductivity, it is widely used in electrical engineering. 由于铜具有良好的导电性，所以广泛应用于电气工程。 We live and learn. 活到老，学到老。 If you give him an inch, he will take a mile. 得寸进尺
1. A new kind of airplane---small and cheap---is attracting incrБайду номын сангаасasing attention. 一种新型的飞机正越来越一起人们的注意——这种 飞机体积不大，价格便宜。
2. Amile took the news very palely and calmly. 艾米莉获悉这个消息的时候，脸色苍白但神情镇静。
These soldiers are able to cope with various emergencies. 这些士兵能对付各种各样的紧急情况。 He felt the patriot rise within his breast. 他感到爱国热情在胸中激荡。 He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty. 他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，判决他儿子有罪。
2. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地说个没完。
（五）关系代词的处理
(1)The snake catches the frog that eats the insects that nibbles the green leaves. 蛇吃青蛙，青蛙吃虫子，虫子吃绿叶。 (2) The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Brittle, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear. 厨子的脸发起白来， 要使唤丫头把门关上，丫头叫布 利特尔去，布利特尔叫补锅匠去，补锅匠却装作没听见。
2. 增加连接词 but, whereas, and ,or, if, because 1. (因为) 他不老实，(所以)我不信任他。 Because he is not honest, I don’t trust him. 2. (如果）他不去，（那么）我也不去。 If he won’t go, I won’t go either. 3. 聪明一世，（可是）糊涂一时。 Smart as a rule, but this time a fool.
现象，作用，效应，方法，局势，情况，问题， 工作，系统，关系 develop prepare emergent backward tense development （发展水平，） 发展水平，） preparation 准备工作） （准备工作） emergency 紧急情况） （紧急情况） backwardness （落后状态） 落后状态） tension (紧张局势 紧张局势) 紧张局势
This report summed up the new achievements made in electron tubes, semiconductors and components. 这篇报告总结了电子管，半导体和元件三方面的新 成就。 The Americans and the Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of messages. 美日双方在完全保密的情况下交换了信件。 Yes, I like Chinese food, lots of people do these days. Sort of the fashion. 不错，我喜欢中国菜，现在很多人喜欢中国菜， 这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧！
Keys to Exercise
1.学生们在以多么高的热情学习英语啊！ 2. 人群渐渐散开了。 3. 一九六九年夏天，政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。 4. 老人说：“从前他爸爸是个打鱼的，他过去也许跟我们 现在一样穷。” 5. 勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度， 即成贪婪。
（六）汉译英时的增译
（六）文化背景注释
Can the leopard change his spots? 豹子改不了身上的斑纹，这叫本性难移。 This hopeful person soared into so pleasing a Cupid. 这个很有希望的年轻人就扮成及其讨人喜欢的 插着双翅的爱神丘比特。 That the female boundly, instead of being Gorgon he had expected, was young and remarkably pretty. 那位叫宠得贝的女人，并不是他想象的那样，是一个 看谁一眼就会把谁变成石头的女妖高根，而是一个 绝美的年轻少女。
英汉翻译第四讲
Mar 24th Grace
三 增译法（ 增词法）
I loved you, I love you and I will love you more. 过去我爱你，现在我依然爱你，将来会更加爱你。 There are books and books. 书有种种，好坏不一。
If you want General Gehlen sent to a mad house then you had better have me certified as well. 如果你要把盖伦将军关进疯人院，最好让医生证明 我也是疯子吧。 如果你要把盖伦将军关进疯人院，最好使我也被证 明是疯子。 There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers. 没有演说，没有外国外交官，也没有拿着纸旗，花 束的“普通中国人”。 没有人发表演说，没有外国外交官到场，也没有 “普通中国人”挥舞纸旗，花束的场景。