翻译理论和实践第二章语义翻译01

16. There is more to their life than political and social and economic problems; more than transient everydayness. 译：他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会 的和经济的问题，远不止一时的柴米油盐 问题。
总结
理解要靠广博知识 译者既要熟练地使用各种语言工具
书，也要不断地在翻译实践中提高 汉英两种语言的运用能力。
Choice of contextual meanings
4. We passed another town before daylight. I used to pass the whole evening that way. 译：以前我总是这样消磨整个晚上。 We knew what was passing in his mind. 译：我们知道他心里在想什么。
Choice of grammatical meanings

1. Take the cart back to the backyard and back it into the shed at the back of the stable. 译：把牛车拉回到后院，再把它倒到牛棚后面的 小屋去。 2. It is neither round nor square. The wheels go round rapidly. The night watchman makes his rounds every hour.

The
peasants and workers were hand in glove with one another in the struggle against the landlords and capitalists who worked hand in glove with each other.
15. The upper society then had not lost its exclusiveness nor its brilliance. 虚译：当时的上流社会没有失去它的奇光 异彩，也没有失去它的排外性。 实译：当时的上流社会仍然焕发着奇光异 彩，而且依然壁垒森严，不容下层人涉足。
3. Like charges repel; unlike charges attract. In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold. 译：在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃像 金子一般在闪闪发亮。 Like knows like.
Choice of stylistic meanings

9. I’m getting chilled to the bone. What can Freddy be doing all this time? (Pygmalion) 译：冷死我了。佛莱第这半天是干什么去了？ （杨宪益） 10. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. (Of Studies) 译：读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。（王 佐良）



13. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists. 译：帝国主义者的性格既残暴又狡猾。 14. See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never distinct. 译：在那以后的四个星期内，消息时而部分有所 好转，时而又有点不妙，两种情况不断地交替出 现，一直没有明朗化。

பைடு நூலகம்
19. Hans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen.


译：汉斯说，这位先生是他所见到过的最有胆识 的人。这种阿谀奉承未免过于露骨。 20. Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture. 译：接到做演讲的邀请，布朗先生感到非常荣幸。
21. His mother described him at two as “round and fat and strong.” 22. Our conference did in the end make detailed plans for the invasion. The date was to be 4 June 1944. 译：我们的会议最后确实制定了进攻的详 细方案。日期定在1944年6月4日。

5. He is always painstakingly at his books. Milton’s Paradise Lost consists of twelve books. That’s all I remember, sir, on the Book. 误译：先生，关于这本书，我能想起来的就这些。 改译：凭《圣经》起誓，长官，我记得的就是这 些。
第二章 语义翻译
选词法 Diction
理解中的选义——翻译的前提
理解要准确透彻，要依靠上下
文，要靠广博的知识。

上下文可以指前后的两三个词，也指前后 几句更为宽广的上下文。 这个意义既包括 词的本义，也包括词的引申义、比喻义、 褒贬义等。
Caution:
“Each word when used in a new context is a new word.” “Words do not have meanings, people have meanings for words.”

Choice of affective meanings
17. He has the reputation of being a blood-sucker. 译：他是个臭名昭著的吸血鬼。 18. She has made a reputation for herself through hard work. 译1：勤奋工作使她赢得了好名声。 译2：她通过勤奋工作为自己赢得了好名声。
Choice of collocative meanings

6. build a bridge build a fire build an answer build one’s confidence 7. They captured fifty enemy soldiers and many weapons. 8. good Christian, good parent, good child, good wife, good husband
词义的选择——right
It’s not right for children to sit up late. The plane was right above our heads. She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery.
Choice of extended meanings

11. Every life has its roses and thorns. 译1：每个人的生活都有甜有苦。 译2：每个人的生活之路都充满了鲜花与荆棘。 译3：每个人的生活都充满了风雨和阳光。 12. The wolf and the pig mingled together in his face. 译1：他一脸的凶残与贪婪。 译2：凶残和贪婪写在他的脸上。