应用文体翻译 Lecture 3 目的论翻译策略与辅助性准则的解释性运用

英汉范畴/属性词对比： 沮丧情绪 dejection 越轨行为 irregularities 必要性 necessity 嫉妒心理 jealousy 沮丧情绪 dejection 冷漠态度 indifference 蛮干作风 foolhardiness 过敏反应 allergy 崇高气质 loftiness

改译： Do not try to anticipate the revolutionary events because history shows that the outcome of minor events surprises us more.




每一个人 each individual 真正的事实 true facts 彻底完成了任务 ….completely finished the task 最后的结果 final outcome 我个人的信念 my personal beliefs 免费的礼物 free gift 基本原理 basic fundamentals 将来计划 future plans 可怕的悲剧 terrible tragedy 高素质的新型人才 high-quality talent of a new type
原译：The PLA has actively conducted military exchanges and cooperation with other countries. The areas of its external contacts are being gradually expanded, with the content of the contacts increasingly richer and forms more flexible and diversified.





汉语中常见的范畴或属性词有：状况、心理、心 情、活动、问题、事物、建设、沮丧心情、任务 ……. 常见的搭配： 发展过程 失业现象很严重 紧急情况 救灾工作进展顺利 教育事业大发展 不利因素 谦虚态度 紧张局面 特性不凡 混乱状态 圆形 大型（号） 举止粗鲁 性格老实 颜色光亮 在数学领域 奇特
生产率实际上所取决于某些因素，基本上更 倾向于心理方面的因素，而非任何特定的技 术方面的因素。 Productivity actually depends on certain factors and basically involves psychology more than any particular technology.

“Swallow”CKT-3A window-type air conditioner is an air-cooled air conditioning equipment that automatically regulates room temperatures within an ideal range. It is reliable in use, works smoothly and always gives you quiet comfort. (33words)

改译：“Swallow”CKT-3A is an air-
cooled window-type air-conditioner that automatically regulates room temperatures. It’s reliable and smooth performance offers you tranquil comfort. (21 words)
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
准则7: Replace a phrase with a word or replace a clause with a phrase if possible.(能用一
个词传达的信息内容就不要用一个短语——语言结构 的简练化)

译例：中国人民解放军积极开展军事交流与合 作，对外交往的领域逐步扩大，内容日益丰富， 形式更加灵活多样。（《2002年的中国国防》 （白皮书））

改译：Productivity
tends to depend on psychological factors rather than on technological ones.
准则2：Delete Double words or when you use a familiar pair or adjectives, your readers probably need only one them.(删去复合结构 型词组（totology）的语义重复性部分词语)
)
当一个属性或类概念和一个具体或种概念连 用时，范畴概念词便别成为冗余信息。 考察下面例子中划线部分的信息内容：

The educational process and public recreational activities are the responsibility of the county government. → The county is responsible for education and public recreation.
准则4: When a word implies its modifier, drop the modifier.(当一个语词本身蕴涵有其 修饰成分的语义内容，删节该修饰部分信息 内容) 考察下面句子中划线部分的信息内容： Don’t try to anticipate in advance those events that will completely revolutionize society because past history shows that it is the eventual outcome of minor events that unexpectedly surprising us more.
[应用文体翻译：Lecture 3]
目的论及翻译策略分析及应用
应用翻译原则连续统的系统特征
文本特征论 行为 主体 目的 需求 论 文本类型论 目的论原则 策略论原则 辅助性准则 受众 主体 目的 需求 论
可操作性规则
方法技巧论
准则1: Delete meaningless words or don’t use the words whose meaning add nothing to the sentence information.（删除无实质性意义的 词语，即那些对句子信息意义不提供实质性 信息的词语）
真抓实干，跻身全国百强大县之列。

…….to strive for ranking among the one hundred national top counties with efforts.
准则3： Delete what readers can easily infer from the given information.（删略 读者通过认知思维能易于从给出的相关 或特定概念语义中推出的信息内容）


译例：人民解放军实施科技强军战略，加快 国防科研和武器装备发展，培养高素质的新 型的军事人才，建立科学的体制编制，发展 具有中国特色的作战理论。（《2002年中国 的国防》（白皮书））
译文：The people’s Liberation Army (PLA), in implementing the strategy of building a strong military through science and technology, has accelerated the research and development of defense weaponry and equipment, trained high-quality military personnel of a new type, established a scientific organizational structure, developed theories for military operations with Chinese characteristics. （国务院新闻办公室提供）


译文：The people’s Liberation Army (PLA), in implementing the strategy of building a strong military through science and technology, has accelerated the research and development of defense weaponry and equipment, trained high-quality military personnel of a new type, established a scientific organizational structure, developed theories for military operations with Chinese characteristics.（国务院新闻办公室提供）[50wds] 改译：The PLA, with the strategy of building a technology-based powerful army, has accelerated development of defense weaponry and equipment, trained high-quality military personnel, established a scientific military structure, developed theories for military operations. [34wds]
译例：学习下国际象棋的规则。
Learning the rules for playing the game of chess learning the rules of chess
译例：“燕牌”CKT-3A型窗式空气调节器是 风冷式空调设备，能自动调节室内温度在适 当的范围，它使用可靠，运行平稳，因而给 您以舒适而安静的感觉。（许建忠：p.155）
考察下列英汉词组信息结构与性质： full and complete / true and accurate all hopes and desires / first and foremost and sundry

any and
various
汉语类似的表达法：粗心大意、奇峰异岭、奇形 怪状、瘸腿跛足、心平气和、风平浪静、认真负 责……

准则6：Simplify or delete unnecessary explanations.(简化或简略不必要的解释性内 容或可以肯定读者已知的信息内容shared knowledge)
译例：…….该企业投入经费，研制出适合市 场的新产品。 …The enterprise has newly developed popular products. …The enterprise has developed new marketable products.
准则5：Delete redundant categories or when a general category is attached to a specific modifier, drop the category word. Every word implies the name of its general category, so you can usually cut the word for the category. (删节冗余性范畴或属性词