现在分词的具体用法
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Breaking the law, you will be punished. 4.如果你坚持下去,你就会成功的. Keeping on working hard, you will succeed.
They came into the classroom, singing and laughing.
We live in a room facing to the south. = We live in a room that faces to the south
1 分词表示正在进行的动作，改为定语从句 时常用进行时态。
2. 如果分词和被修饰词是被动关系，且分词 所表示的动作此刻正在发生，常用现在分词 被动形式。
He worked deep into the night, preparing a report for the meeting.
1.她站在那儿，甜甜地笑着． She stood there, smiling sweetly. ２．他考试没及格，这使他父母很生气． He failed in the exam, making his parents angry.
３．尽管他参加会议，他还是心不在的．
Attending the lecture, he was mindabsent.
Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. Because he was so angry,
Having been to the Great Wall many times,he didn’t go there last week.
Because he had been to the Great Wall many times, Working hard, you’ll make great progress. = If you work hard,
He brought us surprising news.
The students who have seen the film are coming out of the cinema.
The students having seen the film are coming out of the cinema.
一注意、一发现、一 感觉”。简单又好Байду номын сангаас！
1.It was so bcuornldingthat they kept the fire ______(burn) all night.
2.The missing boys were last seen
_______pla(pyilnagy) near the river.
3.The salesman scolded the girl
caught _______(steal) and let her
off．
stealing
Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. When they heard the bad news, they couldn't help crying.
3.表示分词动作完成之后，谓语所表示 的动作才发生，译为“在…之后，”
1.一完成作业，他就回家了
Having finished the exercises, he went back home.
２．一到家，他就听到电话响了． ．Arinrrgiviningg. at home, he heard the phone
Grammar and usage
—used as an adjective or adverb
现在分词的句法功能 作定语
1.The sleeping child is Jack's little brother.
2. The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
现在分词作原因状语， 相当于一个由as或者because引导的 原因状语从句
3. The girl came in, following their parents.
现在分词作伴随状语相当于一个并列句
4. His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 5. She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
1.他生病了,没来上学.
Being ill, he didn’t come to school. 2.Tom去过北京很多次了,这次不愿意去了. Having been to Beijing many times, he is unwilling to go there this time. 3.如果违法了, 你就要受到惩罚.
３．当我呆在农村时，我学到了很多知识
While staying in the country, I learned a lot.
4．在美国呆了３年后，他返回了他的祖国 Having stayed in America for 3 years, he returned to his hometown.
现在分词的完成式（ having done/ having been done) 一般不做定语
It seems that I once met with the man serving us ( who is serving us)
The problem being discussed is difficult to solve.
3. 如果分词表示经常性动作或当时的状态，变 为定语从句时常用一般时态。
现在分词和动名词的区别
现在分词（短语）作定语与所修饰的名词之间 存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和 进行。
动名词作定语通常表示所修饰名词的用途，不 存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
The sleeping boy = The boy who is sleeping is the cutest in our class.
=(If you turn to the left....)
五 独立成分作状语 generally speaking 一般说来 frankly speaking 坦白地说 judging from 根据.....来判断 speaking of 说到； 谈及 considering 考虑到
Use verb-ing to change the following sentences
现在分词作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句， 可用when, while 引出
1.Being ill, she didn't go to school today. =(As she was ill,) she didn't go to school today.
2. Not having received （=As I had not received) an answer, I wrote to him again.
3.I asked the boy who was standing to fetch some chalk.
I asked the standing boy to fetch some chalk.
1.We all found the lecture boring. 2. Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain. 3.I heard him singing at 8 last night.
现在分词也可以作条件状语和让步状语，相当 于一个状语从句。
现在分词的否定形式 现在分词的否定式是由“ not+现在分词”构成 （完成式是将not置于having之前）
Not having heard from her husband for a long time, the wife worried a great deal.
1.宾语与宾补存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，
且表示动作正在进行，状态正在持续。
2.能跟-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动
词有： make, let, have, keep, leave, look at,
see, watch, hear, listen to, notice, find, feel 等。
怎么记？ “五让、三看、两听、
(由于很久没有收到丈夫的来信，妻子很担心）
四 分词作状语的基本原则 1. 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子
的主语保持一致。
2. 分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主 谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。
Turning to the left, you will find the place you want.
三 补语 现在分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch,look at,
listen to, observe, have, get等动词后面作宾语补足语
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.
I heard her singing an English song yesterday
现在分词
Can you tell me where the waiting room is?
动名词
二 作表语 1. The news was disappointing
2. The story sounds interesting.
现在分词作表语， 用来说明主语的性质和特 征。相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。一般 跟在连系动词be, look, sound, feel, keep, remain后面。
现在分词短语作结果状语
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the demage.
Using your head, you'll have a good idea. = If you use your head, you'll have a good idea.
After he had turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.
1.极短暂的动词，表示分词动作一发生,谓 语动词表示的动作就立即发生，译为“一… 时”
2.只能用when, while +V-ing,表示分词 动作在进行过程中，谓语动词表示的动 作发生了。译为“当……的时候，”
She was heard singing an English song yesterday.
四 作状语 现在分词作状语可以表示时间，原因， 结果，条
件，让步，方式或伴随情况 1 While reading the book, he nodded from time
to time
2. Hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy.
Seeing the house on fire, he dialed 119.
When he saw the house on fire, he dialed 119.
While playing the piano, she got very excited.
While she was playing the piano,she got very excited. Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.
3. Tom, arriving late, was not per mitted to enter the classroom.
作定语用的现在分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰的词的前面； 也可以放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
Tips: 能前置的现在分词大都是已被形容词化了 的分词。常见有exciting, interesting,surprising, puzzling, frightening; amusing/
They came into the classroom, singing and laughing.
We live in a room facing to the south. = We live in a room that faces to the south
1 分词表示正在进行的动作，改为定语从句 时常用进行时态。
2. 如果分词和被修饰词是被动关系，且分词 所表示的动作此刻正在发生，常用现在分词 被动形式。
He worked deep into the night, preparing a report for the meeting.
1.她站在那儿，甜甜地笑着． She stood there, smiling sweetly. ２．他考试没及格，这使他父母很生气． He failed in the exam, making his parents angry.
３．尽管他参加会议，他还是心不在的．
Attending the lecture, he was mindabsent.
Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. Because he was so angry,
Having been to the Great Wall many times,he didn’t go there last week.
Because he had been to the Great Wall many times, Working hard, you’ll make great progress. = If you work hard,
He brought us surprising news.
The students who have seen the film are coming out of the cinema.
The students having seen the film are coming out of the cinema.
一注意、一发现、一 感觉”。简单又好Байду номын сангаас！
1.It was so bcuornldingthat they kept the fire ______(burn) all night.
2.The missing boys were last seen
_______pla(pyilnagy) near the river.
3.The salesman scolded the girl
caught _______(steal) and let her
off．
stealing
Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. When they heard the bad news, they couldn't help crying.
3.表示分词动作完成之后，谓语所表示 的动作才发生，译为“在…之后，”
1.一完成作业，他就回家了
Having finished the exercises, he went back home.
２．一到家，他就听到电话响了． ．Arinrrgiviningg. at home, he heard the phone
Grammar and usage
—used as an adjective or adverb
现在分词的句法功能 作定语
1.The sleeping child is Jack's little brother.
2. The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
现在分词作原因状语， 相当于一个由as或者because引导的 原因状语从句
3. The girl came in, following their parents.
现在分词作伴随状语相当于一个并列句
4. His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 5. She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
1.他生病了,没来上学.
Being ill, he didn’t come to school. 2.Tom去过北京很多次了,这次不愿意去了. Having been to Beijing many times, he is unwilling to go there this time. 3.如果违法了, 你就要受到惩罚.
３．当我呆在农村时，我学到了很多知识
While staying in the country, I learned a lot.
4．在美国呆了３年后，他返回了他的祖国 Having stayed in America for 3 years, he returned to his hometown.
现在分词的完成式（ having done/ having been done) 一般不做定语
It seems that I once met with the man serving us ( who is serving us)
The problem being discussed is difficult to solve.
3. 如果分词表示经常性动作或当时的状态，变 为定语从句时常用一般时态。
现在分词和动名词的区别
现在分词（短语）作定语与所修饰的名词之间 存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和 进行。
动名词作定语通常表示所修饰名词的用途，不 存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
The sleeping boy = The boy who is sleeping is the cutest in our class.
=(If you turn to the left....)
五 独立成分作状语 generally speaking 一般说来 frankly speaking 坦白地说 judging from 根据.....来判断 speaking of 说到； 谈及 considering 考虑到
Use verb-ing to change the following sentences
现在分词作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句， 可用when, while 引出
1.Being ill, she didn't go to school today. =(As she was ill,) she didn't go to school today.
2. Not having received （=As I had not received) an answer, I wrote to him again.
3.I asked the boy who was standing to fetch some chalk.
I asked the standing boy to fetch some chalk.
1.We all found the lecture boring. 2. Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain. 3.I heard him singing at 8 last night.
现在分词也可以作条件状语和让步状语，相当 于一个状语从句。
现在分词的否定形式 现在分词的否定式是由“ not+现在分词”构成 （完成式是将not置于having之前）
Not having heard from her husband for a long time, the wife worried a great deal.
1.宾语与宾补存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，
且表示动作正在进行，状态正在持续。
2.能跟-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动
词有： make, let, have, keep, leave, look at,
see, watch, hear, listen to, notice, find, feel 等。
怎么记？ “五让、三看、两听、
(由于很久没有收到丈夫的来信，妻子很担心）
四 分词作状语的基本原则 1. 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子
的主语保持一致。
2. 分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主 谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。
Turning to the left, you will find the place you want.
三 补语 现在分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch,look at,
listen to, observe, have, get等动词后面作宾语补足语
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.
I heard her singing an English song yesterday
现在分词
Can you tell me where the waiting room is?
动名词
二 作表语 1. The news was disappointing
2. The story sounds interesting.
现在分词作表语， 用来说明主语的性质和特 征。相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。一般 跟在连系动词be, look, sound, feel, keep, remain后面。
现在分词短语作结果状语
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the demage.
Using your head, you'll have a good idea. = If you use your head, you'll have a good idea.
After he had turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.
1.极短暂的动词，表示分词动作一发生,谓 语动词表示的动作就立即发生，译为“一… 时”
2.只能用when, while +V-ing,表示分词 动作在进行过程中，谓语动词表示的动 作发生了。译为“当……的时候，”
She was heard singing an English song yesterday.
四 作状语 现在分词作状语可以表示时间，原因， 结果，条
件，让步，方式或伴随情况 1 While reading the book, he nodded from time
to time
2. Hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy.
Seeing the house on fire, he dialed 119.
When he saw the house on fire, he dialed 119.
While playing the piano, she got very excited.
While she was playing the piano,she got very excited. Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.
3. Tom, arriving late, was not per mitted to enter the classroom.
作定语用的现在分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰的词的前面； 也可以放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
Tips: 能前置的现在分词大都是已被形容词化了 的分词。常见有exciting, interesting,surprising, puzzling, frightening; amusing/