Lecture 1-2 词汇对比
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大量的人口 拥挤的交通
do large harm to do great harm to
great population
a large population crowded traffic heavy traffic
keep one’s face save one’s face
留面子
三、 情感意义对比
教师休息室 teachers’ restroom
sea cucumber 海黄瓜
海参
不能望文生义，要勤查 字典，避免貌合神离
4. Mr. Smith is one of the most durable teachers at this university. 持久的 史密斯先生是该大学任教时间最长的教师之一. 5. He used to be very shy; but after entering college he’s started to blossom. 开花、绽放 他过去一直非常害羞，但是现在他开始活泼/开朗起来。
译文一：…… made our blood boil. 愤怒 译文二：Beijing's winning the bid for the 2008 Olympics ek 凉茶 红茶 cold tea red tea
yoghurt herbal tea black tea teachers’ lounge
3. 意见 (1) 我们应该认真倾听群众的意见。
看法
We should listen carefully to people’s opinions. (2) 两位领导人就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。 见解 (fml) The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern.
3. This is an Alice-in-Wonderland approach to the problem. 这种解决问题的方法真是异想天开/不切实际。 4. The man who waters his grass after a good rain is carrying coals to Newcastle. 刚下过雨，他还给草坪浇水，真是多此一举。 5. Don’t try to add to her excellent article, it seems to be painting the lily. 她的文章非常精彩，不要做改动了，否则可真是画蛇添足 了。
二、 搭配对比
（一）措词 the proper choice of words and phrases in the target language 1. good (1) She is a girl with good manners. 举止优雅 忠实 高明的棋手
(2) These were all labeled as good eggs.
strong tea
learn knowledge obtain/ acquire knowledge
学会竞争 犯罪 犯错 成功的原因 直接受害者
learn competition make a crime commit a mistake
learn to be competitive learn how to compete
6. Colors can give more force to the form of the product. 色彩能使产品的外观更有吸引力。 7. The shortest distance between raw material and a finished part is casting. 最短的距离 把原材料加工为成品，最简单的方法就是铸造。 赋予力量
优质 (3) Dogs are often regarded as man’s good friends.
(4) He was told Nasser was a good chess player.
(5) a good Christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife or a good husband, 虔诚的，慈爱的，听话的，温柔的，体贴的
(4) These were protoplanets ( 原行星) from which the planets of the present developed. 这些是原行星，现在的行星就是从它们演变而来的。
英译汉：恰当选词， 避免汉语翻译腔
（二）搭配
“词以类聚” 3. 浓茶 学习知识 thick tea
例 不完全对应 1. 给我根笔。 would you please give me a pen, pencil, ball pen, brush ? something to write with? 2. 请给我三只杯子，一个酒杯，一个啤酒杯，一个茶杯。 container ???
Please give me a beaker, a mug and a cup.
10. 妈妈对小明说：“下次你再不及格，看我不拧断你的脖 子！” …… I’ll break your neck. 好好教训一顿 Mother snapped at Xiao Ming, “If you should fail again, I would surely give you a good lesson.” 11. 为了多积攒点钱买房子，他们省吃俭用。 They save food and expenses to …… 非常节省 They live frugally to save more money for a house. They save every penny to buy a house.
(3) 他们对这项计划提出了修改意见。
建议
They made some suggestions on the revision of the plan.
(4) 大家对你很有意见。
不满
People are very dissatisfied with you. People have a lot of complaints about you. (5) 他们就推举下界总统候选人取得了一致意见。 共识
四、 文化意义对比
词 • 音译：TOEFL, hacker, cool, clone, • 音译加类别: AIDS, hamburger, bowling, jeep
结果:融入语汇：幽默（humor)，沙发，基因，咖啡 消失: 拿摩温 No.1 梵阿林 Violin 水门汀 Cement 德律风 telephone
2. develop (1) The development of new devices and new techniques has greatly altered our concept of communications. 新设备的诞生和新技术的涌现，大大改变了我们对通讯的 看法。 (2) The development of species was the result of natural selection. 物种的进化是自然选择的结果。 (3) A lifestyle questionnaire that can determine how long people will live had been developed by a university professor. 一位大学教授编制/设计了一份生活方式问卷，可以估 算人的寿命。
8. 他万万没想到在他前进的路上竟会出现这么多的拦路虎。 困难 He had never expected that so many obstacles would stand in his way. 9. 我笑得肚子都痛了。 I laughed until my belly ached. 笑个不停 I couldn’t help laughing and laughing. I laughed my head off.
（二）≠ (不相关)： 1. The invention of computer makes 10,000,000 calculations per second child’s play. 儿戏 ？？ 计算机的发明使得每秒进行10,000,000次运算，变得轻而 易举。
2. 北京申奥2008成功的消息令我们热血沸腾。
Lecture 1 英汉词汇对比（一）：词义
词的意义：
概念意义 搭配意义
内涵意义 联想意义 情感意义 风格意义 主题意义
基本意思 跟哪些词搭配
文化赋予的含义
一、概念意义的范围对比
= (相等)： linguistics, apple, （一）>或<(不对等)： mountain, hill 山: marry: 嫁,娶 borrow, lend 借: carry： 搬，运，提，拎，挑，担，抱，举，端，夹 smile, giggle, laugh, ridicule, sneer, grin, 笑： chuckle 由生存环境、传统观念 等因素决定
commit a crime
make a mistake
cause of success reason of/behind success direct victim immediate victim
取得巨大进步
make large progress make great progress
对…有巨大的伤害
They have reached agreement/ consensus/ unanimity on（who will be）the presidential candidate for the next general election. (6) 他们在会上闹起了意见。
纷争、不合
They went into disputes / conflicts at the meeting. They argued / quarreled at the meeting.
1. New York was never Mecca to me. 纽约不是我心中的圣地。 向往的地方。 2. It's not easy to become a member of that club---they want people who have plenty of money to spend, not just every Tom, Dick, and Harry. 要成为那家俱乐部的会员可不容易，他们只发展有钱人， 不是谁都能进的。
2. (1) The enemy’s scheme went bankrupt. 敌人的阴谋破产了。 (2) We have mapped out a nice scheme. 我们已经制定了周密的计划。 3. 发展旅游，搞好宣传很重要。 Propaganda
鼓吹，虚假宣传
Publicity is important for tourism.
In-class Exercises
1. A man is in his best shape in the decade before age 25. His muscles are firmest, his resistance to colds and infections is highest, and his body is most efficient in utilizing nutrients. 2. 上 (1) 这表慢了20分钟，该上弦了。 (2) 这事已经上了电视。 (3) 行李还没上架。 (4) 一连上了好几道菜。 (5) 我来给门上漆。
the feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer: 褒义(complimentary) VS 贬义(derogative) 1. One of the most common myths about weight control is that carbohydrates (碳水化合物), not too many calories, make fat. 关于减肥，最常见的误解之一就是认为，是碳水化合物， 而不是热量过剩，产生了脂肪。
do large harm to do great harm to
great population
a large population crowded traffic heavy traffic
keep one’s face save one’s face
留面子
三、 情感意义对比
教师休息室 teachers’ restroom
sea cucumber 海黄瓜
海参
不能望文生义，要勤查 字典，避免貌合神离
4. Mr. Smith is one of the most durable teachers at this university. 持久的 史密斯先生是该大学任教时间最长的教师之一. 5. He used to be very shy; but after entering college he’s started to blossom. 开花、绽放 他过去一直非常害羞，但是现在他开始活泼/开朗起来。
译文一：…… made our blood boil. 愤怒 译文二：Beijing's winning the bid for the 2008 Olympics ek 凉茶 红茶 cold tea red tea
yoghurt herbal tea black tea teachers’ lounge
3. 意见 (1) 我们应该认真倾听群众的意见。
看法
We should listen carefully to people’s opinions. (2) 两位领导人就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。 见解 (fml) The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern.
3. This is an Alice-in-Wonderland approach to the problem. 这种解决问题的方法真是异想天开/不切实际。 4. The man who waters his grass after a good rain is carrying coals to Newcastle. 刚下过雨，他还给草坪浇水，真是多此一举。 5. Don’t try to add to her excellent article, it seems to be painting the lily. 她的文章非常精彩，不要做改动了，否则可真是画蛇添足 了。
二、 搭配对比
（一）措词 the proper choice of words and phrases in the target language 1. good (1) She is a girl with good manners. 举止优雅 忠实 高明的棋手
(2) These were all labeled as good eggs.
strong tea
learn knowledge obtain/ acquire knowledge
学会竞争 犯罪 犯错 成功的原因 直接受害者
learn competition make a crime commit a mistake
learn to be competitive learn how to compete
6. Colors can give more force to the form of the product. 色彩能使产品的外观更有吸引力。 7. The shortest distance between raw material and a finished part is casting. 最短的距离 把原材料加工为成品，最简单的方法就是铸造。 赋予力量
优质 (3) Dogs are often regarded as man’s good friends.
(4) He was told Nasser was a good chess player.
(5) a good Christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife or a good husband, 虔诚的，慈爱的，听话的，温柔的，体贴的
(4) These were protoplanets ( 原行星) from which the planets of the present developed. 这些是原行星，现在的行星就是从它们演变而来的。
英译汉：恰当选词， 避免汉语翻译腔
（二）搭配
“词以类聚” 3. 浓茶 学习知识 thick tea
例 不完全对应 1. 给我根笔。 would you please give me a pen, pencil, ball pen, brush ? something to write with? 2. 请给我三只杯子，一个酒杯，一个啤酒杯，一个茶杯。 container ???
Please give me a beaker, a mug and a cup.
10. 妈妈对小明说：“下次你再不及格，看我不拧断你的脖 子！” …… I’ll break your neck. 好好教训一顿 Mother snapped at Xiao Ming, “If you should fail again, I would surely give you a good lesson.” 11. 为了多积攒点钱买房子，他们省吃俭用。 They save food and expenses to …… 非常节省 They live frugally to save more money for a house. They save every penny to buy a house.
(3) 他们对这项计划提出了修改意见。
建议
They made some suggestions on the revision of the plan.
(4) 大家对你很有意见。
不满
People are very dissatisfied with you. People have a lot of complaints about you. (5) 他们就推举下界总统候选人取得了一致意见。 共识
四、 文化意义对比
词 • 音译：TOEFL, hacker, cool, clone, • 音译加类别: AIDS, hamburger, bowling, jeep
结果:融入语汇：幽默（humor)，沙发，基因，咖啡 消失: 拿摩温 No.1 梵阿林 Violin 水门汀 Cement 德律风 telephone
2. develop (1) The development of new devices and new techniques has greatly altered our concept of communications. 新设备的诞生和新技术的涌现，大大改变了我们对通讯的 看法。 (2) The development of species was the result of natural selection. 物种的进化是自然选择的结果。 (3) A lifestyle questionnaire that can determine how long people will live had been developed by a university professor. 一位大学教授编制/设计了一份生活方式问卷，可以估 算人的寿命。
8. 他万万没想到在他前进的路上竟会出现这么多的拦路虎。 困难 He had never expected that so many obstacles would stand in his way. 9. 我笑得肚子都痛了。 I laughed until my belly ached. 笑个不停 I couldn’t help laughing and laughing. I laughed my head off.
（二）≠ (不相关)： 1. The invention of computer makes 10,000,000 calculations per second child’s play. 儿戏 ？？ 计算机的发明使得每秒进行10,000,000次运算，变得轻而 易举。
2. 北京申奥2008成功的消息令我们热血沸腾。
Lecture 1 英汉词汇对比（一）：词义
词的意义：
概念意义 搭配意义
内涵意义 联想意义 情感意义 风格意义 主题意义
基本意思 跟哪些词搭配
文化赋予的含义
一、概念意义的范围对比
= (相等)： linguistics, apple, （一）>或<(不对等)： mountain, hill 山: marry: 嫁,娶 borrow, lend 借: carry： 搬，运，提，拎，挑，担，抱，举，端，夹 smile, giggle, laugh, ridicule, sneer, grin, 笑： chuckle 由生存环境、传统观念 等因素决定
commit a crime
make a mistake
cause of success reason of/behind success direct victim immediate victim
取得巨大进步
make large progress make great progress
对…有巨大的伤害
They have reached agreement/ consensus/ unanimity on（who will be）the presidential candidate for the next general election. (6) 他们在会上闹起了意见。
纷争、不合
They went into disputes / conflicts at the meeting. They argued / quarreled at the meeting.
1. New York was never Mecca to me. 纽约不是我心中的圣地。 向往的地方。 2. It's not easy to become a member of that club---they want people who have plenty of money to spend, not just every Tom, Dick, and Harry. 要成为那家俱乐部的会员可不容易，他们只发展有钱人， 不是谁都能进的。
2. (1) The enemy’s scheme went bankrupt. 敌人的阴谋破产了。 (2) We have mapped out a nice scheme. 我们已经制定了周密的计划。 3. 发展旅游，搞好宣传很重要。 Propaganda
鼓吹，虚假宣传
Publicity is important for tourism.
In-class Exercises
1. A man is in his best shape in the decade before age 25. His muscles are firmest, his resistance to colds and infections is highest, and his body is most efficient in utilizing nutrients. 2. 上 (1) 这表慢了20分钟，该上弦了。 (2) 这事已经上了电视。 (3) 行李还没上架。 (4) 一连上了好几道菜。 (5) 我来给门上漆。
the feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer: 褒义(complimentary) VS 贬义(derogative) 1. One of the most common myths about weight control is that carbohydrates (碳水化合物), not too many calories, make fat. 关于减肥，最常见的误解之一就是认为，是碳水化合物， 而不是热量过剩，产生了脂肪。