被动语态讲义动词的语气

语态

动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系.英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语时谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语时谓语动作的承受着.

翻译：我们打扫了地板

翻译：地板被打扫

All kinds of bikes are sold in that shop.

1，被动语态的基本结构

Be+动词的过去分词

助动词be 有时态，人称和数的变化，其变化形式与其作为连系动词的变化相同

这本故事我已经看完

纸是由木头做成的

主动语态的结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语+其他

被动语态结构：主语+谓语动词+by+宾语+其他

People use radios for listening to the news.

被动：

We asked him to sing a song。

被动：

We should take good care of our books.

被动：

情态动词的被动语态

结构：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词

We must finish it at once.

被动：

The dictionary may____________for 3 weeks.

A.keep

B.be kept

C. borrow

D.be borrowed

含有复合宾语的句子变为主动语态

主动语态中，不定式用作某些动词的宾语补足语时候要省去to，但再变为被动语态时，必须补上省去的to，常用的这类动词有：hear，make，let，see，notice，watch

We saw the boy go into the room.

The boy was seen to go into the room.

We heard Li Lei sing loudly.

被动：

The students in this school are made________school uniforms on Monday.

A.To wear

B.wearing

C.wear

D.worn

技巧记忆：感使动词好奇怪，to 去to来令人猜。主动句里to拿走，被动句中to回来.

可用直接宾语做主语，而间接宾语需要用介词to或for引导

I gave her some flowers.

Some flowers were given to her.

含有双宾语句子变为被动语态时候，可以把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语仍然放在动词之后. My mother gave me a new book.

I was given a new book by my mother.

主动语态表示被动语态的情况

1）write，read，sell，clean，wash，open，cut，drive等词作不及物动词时候，他们的主语时物，可以用主动语态表达被动语态.

这种自行车卖得很好

这支钢笔很好用

2）有些动词后面接v.ing形式时候用主动表示被动

花需要浇水了

3）有些动词cook，print，do 用主动结构表示被动意义

正在做午饭

4）某些连系动词：feel，prove，smell，taste，sound等加上形容词，也可用于主动形式表示被动

这种食物尝起来很可口.

动词的语气

语气时动词的一种形式，表示说话人对发生动作或所处的状态持有的态度和看法

1，动词的语气分类

英语中有三种语气

1）陈述句语气：陈述事实

2）祈使语气：提出请求命令

3）虚拟语气：表达主管愿望和设想虚拟的情况，只用于某几类句型中

虚拟语气在非真是条件句中

1.虚拟条件句中的be的过去时一般为were

If I were you，I would accept this job.

2，有时候可以省略if，而将were，had，should提到主语的前面

Had it not for your help，we would not have achieved so much.

3，含蓄条件句：不用体哦阿健句而用介词短语but for，without或连词but引起的短语或者句子

but for the heavy rain，we should have arrived earlier.

4，虚拟语气可以表示要求，命令，等从句，从句谓语用should+动词原型.

He suggested that we （should）start at once.

It's necessary that you should be present at the meeting.

5，虚拟语气在wish 后面的宾语从句中

I wish I knew the answer.

6，虚拟语气在would rather 后面的从句中，，表达希望

I would rather I had seen the film.

7，虚拟语气用在表达祝愿的句子中

Long live the friendship.

课堂习题

用动词适当的形式填空

If I__________the money，he would buy a fast car.（he/have）

Jane likes living in a city._________happy if she lived in the city.

If I wanted to learn Italian，_____________to Italy

It's not a very good hotel.___________there if I were you.