中国银行系统金融术语汉英对照表

中国银行系统金融术语汉英对照表

excess reserves consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts sterilization operation localized interest;departmentalism currency mismatch currency

composition off-balance-sheet items （ operation ） fixed cost at constant price;in real terms real

estate problem loans ；non-performing loans （ assets ） fiscal deficit

fiscal pressure on the central bank （ over monetary policy ） coordination of fiscal and monetary policies

to manipulate exchange rate operational flexibility treasury bonds open position urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks municipal commercial banks

urban credit cooperatives （ UCCs ）

household deposits （ 不 完 全 等 同 于 西 方 savingsdeposits ，前者包括活期存款，后者不 包括。） diversion of household deposits decline in the availability of household savings tight control loan/deposit ratio deposit insurance system deposit money banks required reserves certificate of deposit

（ CD ）

备付金（超额准备金） 本外币并账

本外币对冲操作 本位利益 币种搭配不当 币种构成

表外科目（业务） 不变成本 不变价 不动产 不良贷款（资产）

财政赤字 财政挤银行 财政政策与货币政策的配合

操纵汇率 操作弹性 长期国债 敞口头寸 城市合作银行

城市商业银行 城市信用社 储蓄存款

储蓄分流 储源萎缩 从紧控制 存贷款比例 存款保险体系 存款货币银行 存款准备金 大额存单

大额提现大一统的银行体制呆账（请见“坏账” ）呆账准备金呆滞贷款代理国库代理金融机构贷款贷款沉淀贷款分类贷款限额管理贷款约束机制戴帽贷款递延资产调节流动性独立核算短期国债对冲操作对非金

融部门债权恶性通货膨胀发行货币法定准备金放松银根非银行金融机构公开市场操作公款私存股份制银行固定资产贷款国际收支国有独资商业银行国债回购国债一级自营商withdraw deposits in large amounts (all-in-one ) mono-bank system bad loans loan loss reserves ( provisions )

idle loans to act as fiscal agent make loans on behalf of other institutions non-performing loans loan classification credit control;to impose credit ceiling credit disciplinary ( constraint )mechanism ear-marked loans deferrable assets to influence liquidity level independent accounting treasury bills sterilization

operation;hedging claims on non-financial sector hyperinflation to issue currency required reserves;reserve requirement to ease monetary policy non-bank financial institutions open market operations deposit public funds in personal accounts joint-equity banks fixed asset loans balance of payments wholly state-owned commercial banks government securities repurchase primary underwriters of government securities

宏观调控macroeconomic management ( or adjustment ) 坏账还本付息bad debt debt service

换汇成本汇兑在途unit export cost;local

export earnings funds

in float

currency cost of

汇兑支出advance payment of

beneficiary's bank

remittance by the

汇率并轨unification of exchange rates

汇率失调exchange rate misalignment

活期存款demand deposits

货币政策态势monetary policy stance

货款拖欠overdue obligations to suppliers

基准利率benchmark interest rate

挤提存款run on banks

挤占挪用unwarranted diversion of ( financial )

resources ( from designated uses )

缴存准备金to deposit required reserves

金融脆弱financial fragility

金融动荡financial turbulence

金融风波financial disturbance

金融恐慌financial panic

金融危机financial crisis

金融压抑financial repression

金融衍生物financial derivatives

金融诈骗紧缩银根financial fraud

to tighten monetary policy

紧缩政策austerity policies;tight financia l

policies

控制现金投放control currency

issuance

跨国银行业务cross-border banking 离岸银行业务off-shore banking

( business )

利率杠杆的调节作用the role of interest rates in

resourc e

allocation

联行清算inter-bank settlement 流动性比例liquidity ratio

流动资产周转率 / 流通速度velocity of liquid

assets

流动资金贷款working capital loans 卖出回购证券matched sale of repo

农村信用社rural credit

cooperatives （RCCs）

适度从紧appropriately tight

适时调节timely adjustment

收回对金融机构贷款to recall central bank loans ( to financia

l

institutions )

贴现窗口discount window

同业拆借（放）inter-bank borrowing ( lending ）

同业拆借市场利率（中国）CHIBOR( China inter-bank offered rate ）