张奎武《英美概况》笔记及习题 (新西兰)【圣才出品】

第3章新西兰

3.1 复习笔记

I. Land and People

1. Land and Climate

2. Plants and Animals

3. People

4. Maoritanga

5. Brief History of New Zealand

II. Society and Culture

1. Political System

2. Economy

3. Education

I. Land and People (土地和人民)

1. Land and Climate (土地和气候)

(1) Landscape (地形)

①New Zealand is made up of the North Island, the South Island, Stewart Island and various small islands surrounding.

②North Island covers 114452 square kilometers. Coast plains run from northwest peninsular along the western coast to Cook Strait.

③South Island’s area is 150712 square kilometers. It is much more mountainous with the Southern Alps stretching along the island.

①新西兰由北岛，南岛，斯图尔特岛和众多小岛组成。

②北岛占地114452平方公里。海岸平原从西北部的半岛延伸至库克海峡。

③南岛的面积是150712平方公里。南岛多山，南阿尔卑斯山绵延整个岛屿。

(2) Climate (气候)

New Zealand has a middle-latitude marine climate. All months are moderately wet while the high mountains carry snow throughout the year.

新西兰属于中纬度海洋性气候。所有月份都比较潮湿，高山地区终年积雪。

2. Plants and Animals (植物和动物)

(1) 80% of New Zealand’s land area was forested.

(2) Unique and often rare species of plants, birds and insects have developed. The kiwi is a national symbol.

(1) 新西兰80%的土地都被森林覆盖。

(2) 新西兰具有独一无二的植物，鸟类和昆虫。几维鸟是新西兰的象征。

3. People (人民)

(1) New Zealand has a population of about 3.6 million people, three quarters of whom live in the North Island.

(2) The principal ethnic majority is the Whites who account for around 80% of the population.

(3) English and Maori are the official languages.

(1) 新西兰的人口大约有360万，四分之三的人口居住在北岛。

(2) 主要人种是白人，约占人口的80%。

(3) 英语和毛利语是官方语言。

4. Maoritanga (毛利文化)

(1) Maoritanga is Maoriculture, the Maori customs and traditions.

(2) The Maori have a close kinship with their environment, with legends and gods.

(3) The best known of all Maori traditions is the haka, a dance often performed to daunt the enemy.

(1) 毛利文化是指毛利人的风俗和传统。

(2) 毛利人和他们的环境，传说和神灵有着密切的关系。

(3) 毛利传统中最著名的是毛利战舞，是威吓敌人的一种舞蹈。

5. Brief History of New Zealand (新西兰的简要历史)

(1) In 1642, Abel Tasman, a Dutch navigator, made the first recorded European sighting of New Zealand.

(2) Modern New Zealand was founded in 1840. Then selected groups from the U. K. began the colonization process.

(3) Constitutional government began to develop in the 1850s.

(4) By the 1890s, parliamentary government along democratic lines was well

established.

(5) New Zealand fought alongside the British in South Africa in two World Wars.

(6) In 1991 New Zealand faced a worsening economic situation. The government began to restructure economy.

(1) 1642年，亚伯·塔斯曼，一位荷兰航海家，第一次发现了新西兰。

(2) 1840年，现代新西兰建立。之后，英国人开始了殖民进程。

(3) 19世纪50年代，宪法政府开始形成。

(4) 19世纪90年代，具备民主条例的议会政府建立。

(5) 在两次世界大战中，新西兰联合南非的英国对抗敌军。

(6) 1991年，新西兰面对更加恶化的经济形势。政府开始重组经济。

II. Society and Culture(社会和文化)

1. Political System (政治制度)

New Zealand still remains a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as head of state.

新西兰仍然是一个君主立宪制国家，伊莉莎白二世是国家首脑。

(1) The Parliament (议会)

①New Zealand follows the British Parliamentary system.

②General elections have been held about every three years since 1879.

③New Zealand is the first country to give women the vote.

①新西兰仿照英国的议会模式。