风格与翻译

3,形态:单个动词>短语动词
Encounter>come across Investigate>look into Tolerate>put up with Participate>take part in Utilize> Make good use of Surrender>turn in
完全形式>缩略形式
4,it起始的叙述结构(如It is noted that) >普通叙述结构
It has been noted with concern that the stocks of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. (formal) The number of books in the library has been going down. (informal) It was argued that the Sun was the center of the universe. (formal) They said the Sun was the center of the universe. (informal)
风格与翻译
ⅰ正式语体和源自文库正式语体. 正式语体和非正式语体.
"风格的区分"包括词汇和句子两个层次的风 风格的区分" 格韵律比较. 格韵律比较. 词汇层次比较可以通过三个方面: 词汇层次比较可以通过三个方面:
1,词源:拉丁语词源>法语词源>英 语词源(">"表示正式程度更高)
Conflagration>flame>fire Trepidation>terror>fear Diminutive>petite>small/little Consecrated>sacred>holy
Please gather at the gate of the school. (informal) The students are requested to gather at the gate of the school. (formal)
6,(表示动作或状态的)名词化结 构>动词结构
Rectification of this fault is achieved by insertion of a wedge. (formal) You can rectify this fault if you insert a wedge. (informal) This leads to our pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. (formal) We are both pleasant and shocked to know many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. (informal)
Advertisement>ad Television>TV Subway/submarine>sub Laboratory>lab Cannot>can't I am>I'm It is >it's
严格的一致关系(concord)>不严格的 一致关系
Everyone should do his best. (formal) Everyone should do their best. (informal) I'm surprised at his making such a foolish mistake. (formal) I'm surprised at him making such a foolish mistake. (informal) He speaks French better than I do. (formal) He speaks French better than me. (informal)
commence ( begin开始) inform(tell告知) revise(correct/change修正) proceed(go进行) consent(agreement同意) deem(think认为) render(give给予) rescind(cancel撤销)
(孔乙己)直起身子看一看豆,自己摇头说:"不 多不多,多乎哉?不多也!" Then straightening up to look at the peas again, he would shake his head." Not much! Verily! Not much, forsooth!"(杨宪益译) Then he'd straighten up, wag his head from side to side as though intoning the classics and say: "Few be my beans. Hath the gentleman many? Nay, he hath hardly any." (Willian Lyell)
Plaint(poetic)>complaint Hoarfrosty(archaic)>hoary; hoar Maiden(poetic)>girl Slumber>sleep Yonder(archaic)>over there
Depart>leave Apprehensive>scared Explode>blow Resign>quit Fatigued>tired fail>flunk
2,强调前置的倒装语序>普通语序
Had I known this before, I would have told you earlier. (formal) If I had had known, I would have told you earlier. (informal) Go I can't.. (formal)>I can't go. (informal) Yield he would not. (formal)> He would not yield (informal)
7,介词置于wh-形式前>介词置于wh形式后
With what did your write it? (formal) What did you write it with? (informal) To whom are you writing? (formal) Who are you writing to? (informal) She longed for a friend in whom she could confide. (formal) She longed for a friend (who) she could confide. (informal)
The weather having improved, we decided to go swimming. (formal) Since the weather had improved, we decided to go swimming. (informal) Being a man of fixed views, he refused to listen to our arguments. (formal) As he was a man of fixed views, he refused to listen to our arguments. (informal)
Child that he was, he did not believe what was told. (formal) Although he was a child , he didn't believe what was told. (informal) Difficult that the task was, they managed to accomplish it in time. (formal) Although the task was difficult, they managed to accomplish it in time. (informal)
3,分词或名词构成的独立结构>由连 词引导的从句
Feeling tired, John went to bed early. (formal) John went to bed early because he felt tired. (formal) John felt tired, so he went to bed early. (informal)
法律合同中常见的正式词汇(括号内为 一般用词和中文的翻译)
miscellaneous(other matters其他事宜) rescind(cancel撤销) prior to(before在……之前) obligation(duty责任/义务) certify(prove证明) expiry(end期满)
Ascend>mount>rise Ingest>dine>eat Commence>begin Conclude>end Employment>job
2,语域:专业词汇>日常词汇,诗体 词汇,古语词汇>普通词汇 Stanza(professional)>part Protagnist(professional)>leading role/figure Puissant(poetic)>strong/powerful
5,用虚拟语气,被动语态表示的请 求>陈述语气,主动语态的请求
Could I suggest that the meeting be postpone until tomorrow? (formal) I suggest the meeting postponing until tomorrow. (informal) Could you possibly go out for a while? (formal) Please go out. (informal)
表示方式的介词短语>单个副词
He speaks in a halting way. (formal) He speaks haltingly. (informal) He spoke confidently. (informal) He spoke in a confident way. (formal) He spoke with confidence. (formal)
比如
notwithstanding>despite (in spite of )>though; in order that>in order to>so as to; provided that / on condition that >so long as on account that >on account of > because
句子层次比较可以通过几个方面:
1,阅读A Communicative Grammar of English (Leech & Svartvik,1975),熟记连词, 介词的风格差异 Leech, G. & Svartvik, J. (1975). A Communicative Grammar of English. London: Longman.
Also discussed was a revenue-raising proposal to hike the fuel tax.> (formal) A revenue-raising proposal was also discussed to hike the fuel tax. (informal) Out was the nail taken. (formal)> The nail was taken out. (informal)