课本勘误

About This Answer Key

This is an answer key for all the readings in the textbook Learn to Read Latin. It is intended as an aid to teachers, home-school parents, and other independent learners.

These translations are literal and try to replicate as much as possible the syntax of the Latin texts. (The authors have made use of meanings for words given in the vocabulary notes but not inluded on the main vocabulary lists.) They also attempt to preserve the word order of the Latin originals, but when clarity has been threatened, changes have been made. The authors are well aware that this approach often results in strained or awkward English, but they believe that less faithful, smoother translations obscure many important nuances of meaning and rhetorical effects that literal renderings preserve.

Since the readings in LTRL are drawn unchanged from complex ancient texts, they include passages that may be interpreted in more than one way. When possible, our translations have included alternate renderings, but there may be others.

Users of this answer key are invited to direct questions or comments via e-mail to either of the authors: akeller@ or srussell@.

Parentheses are used to enclose the following:

1) words absent from the Latin original but added for smoother, clearer English

verba “(your) words”

2) words that may regularly be omitted in English translations but that illuminate syntax

speciē“in (respect to) appearance”

3) words supplied in order to clarify ellipsis in a Latin construction

Davo’ sum, nōn Oedipus.

I am Davus, (I am) not Oedipus.

4) English expletives

repertī sunt complūrēs...

(There) were found very many men...

Brackets are used to enclose the following:

1) words supplying alternate translations

had [were having]

2) words that indicate alternate syntax

distinguished in (respect to) [because of] dutifulness

3) literal renderings when more idiomatic English has been used in translations

from us [for the disadvantage of us]

4) an equal sign followed by a word or words that clarify a referent

he [= Sinon]

Italics are used to reflect the added emphasis conveyed by the use of a subject personal pronoun.

The punctuation of our translations may differ from the punctuation in the Latin texts when greater clarity is achieved by the addition or omission of commas and semicolons.

Latin substantives (adjectives used as nouns) have been translated freely (e.g., mala, sometimes “evil things,” sometimes “evils;” in incertō, “in uncertainty”).

The historical present has been translated as a present tense to preserve the vividness recorded by this tense except when the Latin syntax requires a secondary tense verb, and this practice has resulted in some inconsistency.

The translations in this answer key reflect all corrections that appear at the Yale University Press website or that are given on the inserted corrigenda sheet that accompanies the textbook. In the course of producing this answer key, the authors have discovered and corrected errors and omissions in vocabulary glosses and notes. The translations reflect these corrections:

Final Textbook Corrections (2 August 2005) pre-split edition

Chapter V SR 2, p. 96

SR 10, p. 97 Add “, tyrant” to the meanings of tyran nus, tyrannī. The meaning of sciōshould be “know (how) (+ infin.).”

Chapter VI LR 5, p. 117 The meanings of obvius should be “in the way, face to face; (so as)

to meet (+ dat).”

Chapter VII SR 20, p. 139 The meaning of sciōshould be “know (how) (+ infin.).”

Chapter VIII LR 14, p. 173

LR 15, p. 173

LR 18, p. 175 The et’s placed after sectētur and after calcet receive the following note: “et in poetry is frequently placed in the position of –que.”

In the second line of the Latin reading, change the word illās at the end of the line to illa.

The meanings of incūriōsus should be “not interested (in), not concerned (with) (+ gen.).”

Chapter IX SR 29, p. 200 Replace the comma after est with a colon and remove the comma

after moriāre.

LR 1, p. 201 LR 8, p. 205 Add a close quotation mark after the three dots at the end of the reading.

The meanings for arbiter should be “spectator, onlooker; here,