2020年上海高考英语概要写作同义替换和句式

2020上海高考英语：概要写作同义替换及句式

一、常用的词汇替换

1.词义替换(1)名词

①担忧:worry→concern②建议:suggestion→proposal

③影响:influence→impact④目标:target→goal

⑤难题:problem→issue⑥机会:chance→opportunity

⑦垃圾:litter→rubbish, trash⑧发展:development→advance, progress

⑨住所:house→shelter ⑩困难:difficulty→obstacle, barrier, challenge

人:people→individual, person, human

优势:advantage→merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength

老人:old people→the aged, the elderly

缺陷:disadvantage→drawback, downside, weakness

干旱:with no rain at all→dr ought 方法:method→way, approach

地区:district→zone, place, region, area 姿势:pose→gesture

冒险:adventure→expedition 财富,财产:wealth→fortune, property 高速公路:expressway→freeway 居民:resident→citizen

塞车:jam→congestion 原因:reason→factor

(2)动词

①减轻:ease→relieve②提倡:propose→advocate

③讨厌:hate→dislike, be fed up with, be

bored with

④鼓励,激发:encourage→motivate, fuel

⑤对……感兴趣:be interested in→be

caught up in, be crazy about, be keen on,

be fond of

⑥阻止:prevent→stop

⑦充分利用:make full use of→make the

most/best of,take advantage of

⑧相似:look like→resemble

⑨完成:accomplish→achieve, finish⑩抵挡:stand up to→withstand, resist,

oppose

处理:deal with→handle

采取措施:take action→take measures, take steps

加速:speed up→accelerate

出发去某地:set off for→head for, leave for

经历:undergo→experien ce

降低至:fall to→decline to, decrease to, drop to

要求:request→demand, require消除:clear→eliminate, remove

确保:ensure→assure, guarantee, make

sure

宣称:declare→claim

给予:give→offer, provide, supply保持:keep→preserve, reserve, maintain 导致:lead to→cause, g ive rise to, result

in

暴露:reveal→expose

使:make→enable提高:improve→enhance

改变:change→transform, alter

与……联系:associate with→connect with

建立:build→establish, set up得到:get→acquire, obtain

拥有:have→possess, own感谢:thank→appreciate

表达:express→conve y 解决:solve→cope with, deal with, resolve 帮助:help→assist, aid步行:walk→cover

确信:make sure→ensure

认为:think→claim, consider, believe, insist, hold

损害:damage→hurt, injure, harm,

impair, endanger

保护:protect→conserve, preserve

致力于:be devoted to→be com mitted

to

展示:show→reveal, illustrate, present 允许某人做某事:give sb. permission to

do sth.→allow sb. to do sth.

预订:book→reserve

推迟:put off→delay转换:switch→convert, transform

禁止:forbid→ban, prohibit 区分:tell sth./sb. apart→distinguish 由……构成:be made up of→be

composed of, consist of

维持:sustain→support, maintain

承担责任:shoulder/undertake one's

duty→be responsible for, take

responsibility

增加:be on the rise→increase, multiply 尽力做某事:do sth. to the best of one's

ability→try one's best to do sth., spare no effort to do sth., make every effort to do sth.

专心致志于:put one's heart into→be absorbed in, be bent on, be buried in

(3)形容词

①乏味的:boring→dull, tiresome②害怕的:afraid→frightened, scared

③出名的:famous→notable, renowned ④显然的:obvious→apparent, evident, clear

⑤严重的:severe→serious ⑥有益的:useful→helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding

⑦新的:new→fresh, brand new, novel⑧粗鲁的:rude→impolite ⑨怀疑的:doubtful→skeptical,

suspicious, incredulous

⑩快速的:fast→speedy

最便宜的:the least expensive→the cheapest

许多:many→a sea of, an oce an of, abundant, numerous, considerable

巨大的:big→enormous, vast, massive, tremendous

聪明的:clever→smart, gifted, sharp-minded

好的:good→fantastic, magnificent,

outstanding, remarkable

穷的:in poverty→poor, needy

悲伤的:sad→depressed, frustrated

重要的:importan t→significant, essential, critical, vital, crucial

基本的:fundamental→basic, essential 神圣的:sacred→holy

充足的;富裕;富有:rich in→plentiful, 少量的:a small number of→a handful of