英美国家概况Unit 9

Unit 9 The British Media (英国的媒体)

1. Popularity of the media (媒体的受欢迎程度)

2. The quality press (优质报章)

3. The Observer 《观察家报》

4. The Times 《泰晤士报》

5. The Guardian 《卫报》

6. The Telegraph 《电讯报》

7. The Financial Time 《金融时报》

8. The tabloids (小报)

9. Television and radio (电视和无线电)

10. The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) (英国广播公司)

11. The Independent Television Commission (独立电视委员会)

二、本单元重、难点辅导

1. the degree of popularity of the media: 1 st : TV 2 nd: newspaper 3 rd: radio

2. the functions of the media

Provide entertainment; information about political and social issues; weather reports; carry advertising; education; provide a forum for people to write letters or phone in to express their views or seek advice; engendering

a national culture

3. British Newspapers (one of the world’s oldest established newspaper industries)

1). the Observer <<观察家报>>—still published every Sunday; first appeared in 1791; the world’s oldest national newspaper

2). the Times <<泰晤士报>>—began in 1785; the UK’s oldest daily newspaper

3). the Guardian<<卫报>>—a national daily newspaper which is radical in politics and interested in society and social problems. It is quite soft on crime and quite feminist and shows great concern for green politics.

政治上比较激进，对社会问题感兴趣。对犯罪问题比较宽容，具有女性主义观点，对绿色政治(也就是环保)感兴趣

It is one of the quality press (or broadsheets). Quality paper is one of the two groups of the national dailies. The quality papers carry more serious and in-depth articles of particular political and social importance. They also carry reviews and feature articles about high culture and will generally be read by a well-educated, middle class audience.“严肃性报纸“是全国性发行的日报中的一种，这种报纸刊登较为严肃并有深度的文章，这些文章反映了某种具有重大政治和社会意义的问题；同时也刊登一些评论文章、如书评，还有有关

高雅文化的专题文章。这些报纸也被称为“大版的报纸”,因为这些报纸印在大张的纸上。这种报纸的读者一般都是受到过良好教育的中产阶级

4). the Telegraph<<电讯报>>— one of the quality press, support tough sentences for criminals, be unsympathetic to single mothers and favour free enterprise over social programmes.

倾向于支持严惩犯罪分子，对单亲母亲缺乏同情，支持自由企业而不是社会福利项目。电讯报与卫报的这一对比表明《电讯报》在政治上比较保守

5) the News of the World<<世界新闻>>—one of the tabloids (the gutter press) which began publishing as a paper in 1843. It gives great coverage on crime, sport and sex stories. By the 1930s it was Britain’s most popular Sunday paper, selling 3.4 million copies each week. It now sells about 4.7 million papers each week, and is Britain’s biggest seller.

《世界新闻》是一种小报，于1843年开始出版发行。其中刊登的主要是关于犯罪、体育和性方面的文章。到20世纪30年代，它已成为英国最流行的周日报，目前已成为英国最畅销的报纸。

tabloid: It is a smaller format newspaper with colour photos and catchy headlines. It carries scandals and gossip usually about famous people so as to attract readers. Stories are short, easy to read and often rely more on opinion than fact.小报是一种小版面的报纸，有彩色的照片和引人注目的标题. 通常涉及一些名人的丑闻和谣言。小报刊登一些关于犯罪、体育和过分渲染的报道，以便于吸引读者。这些故事短小精悍，易于阅读，经常依赖于人们的主观看法，而不是客观事实。*Fleet Street：舰队街，英国伦敦新闻界)

6). the Financial Times <<金融时报>> about business is not only printed at home but also printed in other countries of the world.

*其它需要了解的知识

1). Britain has one of the highest levels of newspaper sales per head of population, and there are 1400 different newspapers.

2). Britain has 10 different daily national newspapers.

3). Officially speaking the British newspapers are free from government control and censorship and can print what they like, but many British laws limit the freedom of newspapers.

4). The media are also affected by Official Secret Act(官方保密法案), a legal act which demands that all government information is kept secret unless the government says it can be released and those who break this legal act would be fined or even sent to prison.

5). In Britain, most advertising is carried in newspapers. All media must follow the Advertising Code (广告法规), (It is stipulated to make sure that all advertisements are legal, decent, honest and truthful: all advertisements should have a sense of responsibility for consumers and society and respect the principles of fair competition.)

4. the Broadcast media

British newscasts are renowned for the quality of their reporting. There are 5 television channels— BBC1, BBC2, funded by license fees and three other channels, run by the I ndependent Television Commission (ITC) (独立电视委员会) and funded by advertising.

1) the BBC: the British Broadcasting Corporation was founded in 1927 as a public service radio station and later moved into television in 1936. It’s now Britain’s main public service broadcaster. It currently has two TV channels. BBC1 specializes in shows with a broad appeal. BBC2 supplies special interest audiences with documentaries and shows aimed at particular social groups. The BBC also provides the World Service which broadcasts in English and 43 other languages throughout the world.英国广播公司创立于1927年，是为公众服务的广播站，后来从1936年开始播放电视，现在是英国主要的为公众服务的广播公司。目前它有两个电视频道。BBC电视的第一频道专门播放有着广大吸引力的节目，如体育、娱乐、时事、戏剧等。BBC电视的第二频道迎合一些有特殊兴趣爱好的电视观众的要求，播放的节目主要针对；老人、残疾人、同性恋等特殊人群。BBC世界电台，以英语及其它42种语言向全世界广播。