翻译文体学研究1

Reader-centered Theory
The process of reading/ translating is the process of creating (conducted by the reader)? The responsibility is transferred to the reader of target text?
Readers can explore the implication.
② Reader-Response Theory will see the translator as a reader, who, constrained by the text, actively constructing meaning. Thus the meanings in a translated text are initially the translaor's, though they will be replaced, later, by the constructed meaning of the target text.
involving getting the greatest possible effects from what is heard or read
2.3 Relevance Theory and translationg for relevance
Gutt doesn't ask for a special translation theory, but focuses on translation as communication. However, he sticks to the application of Relevence Theory to translation.
weakly implied meanings according to the style of the text
of central importance in Relevance theory
①The basic premise of Relevance Theory is that a code model of linguistic communication —— in which a coded message is decoded by a hearer or a reader to get at meaning—— is incomplete, because it “disregrds... inference” (MacKenzie 2002:16).
Translators are consciously constructing what they assume to be an inferred speaker's or author's meaning.
a given of communication, “a process that is automatically trigered by every utterance” (Smith & Wilson).
Maximum relevance
Maximum relevance is something we cognitively strive for by seeking contexts in which it an be achieved (MacKenzie; Trotter).
We have the space for creating.
Optimal relevance
An utterance is relevant enough to the addressee to be worth processing and that what is said is the most relevant way of saying it.
①Further interpretation is by inference rather than decoding, and depends on implicatures. Relevance Theory thus holds that we assume there is a speaker who has intentions. inferred author
②Text will, while leaving the translator free to constuct weakly implied meaning according to his/her own pragmatic context, nevertheless exert some sort of cognitive manipulation.
Relevance Theory believes that the gap between the actual utterances in a text and the thought behind it “is filled by the hearer's inferential recognition of speaker's intention, guided by the contextual clues” (MacKenize 2002: 16). This notion of speaker's intention does not need to be “predicated on the unchanging authorial intent” (MacKenize 2002: 16).
Relevance Theory would not bemoan the impossibility of locating definite meaning, but would celebrate it (cf. MacKenzie 2002)
A translator, on attempting to translate a text, will make a distinction between what the words mean in a basic sense, and what they implicate.
2.2 Implication, relevance and minimax ① Reader-Response Theory views textual meaning as almost open-ended, and the author's meaning as almost inaccessible.
②Inference is central in the semantics of languages.
① explicatures: some aspects of meanings dermined by the linguistics ② pragmatics, rather than semantics, determining the meaning in its entirety, which helps whatever the explicatures do not say
But Gutt (2000) may call “cognitive manipulation” “communicative clues” provided by stylistic features, which might also indicate text-types. inferred meanning
Every reading, to some extend, is potentially a misreading?
There is no fixed meaning to source text?
Group convention (P.33)
DiffereBaidu Nhomakorabeat readers may construct different meanings with the same source text.
Relevance Theory explaining translation (P. 44):
①translation, as communication, works under the assumption of relevance; ②a translated text is an instance of interpretive, as opposed to descriptive, use (the translator is saying what someone else meant) ③texts in which the way of saying—the style—plays an important role require direct translation, as opposed to indirect translation, which, like indirect quotation, just gives the substance.
Relevance Theory and cognitive pragmatics might be useful for studying what happens to style when we translate. (P.44)
Weak implicatures serve to provide clues to a state of mind. And Fowler (1977 a) believes that they will be a starting point for creating a reading. This suggests that in many cases a translator will need to start with the style, not the content of a text.