词汇记忆法

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背单词当然要靠刻苦,但是助记法的作用决不可以忽视。坊间流行的诸多著作宣称可以利用某种独门绝学“轻轻松松背单词”,其实不然。我们固然可以把pest联想成“拍死它”从而记住其“害虫”义,把ambition联想成“俺必胜”从而记住其“雄心,野心”义,把chaos联想成“吵死”从而记住其“混乱”义,但这只能解决相当有限的生词,且容易对单词发音产生误导,一旦走火入魔,为害不浅。如笔者曾见到有同学对着sentimental一词口中念念有词“三屉馒头,三屉馒头……”怎不令人啼笑皆非且心存忧虑——长此以往,词将不词了!
还是让我们放下浮躁的心态,一起来领略一下高效扩大词汇量的不二法门——词根词缀记忆法。准确定义词根和词缀,在英语词汇学方面亦属极为专业的课题,我们在此不深入讨论。简单地说,不妨以动词的构成为例(英语单词中最重要的词性是动词词性,很多名词和形容词是从动词演化而来)。在很多情况下,一个动词可以视作由两部分构成:动作的本质和动作的方式。前者用词根表示,后者用前缀表示,而后缀则往往表示词性了。举例说明:前进和后退这两个动作的本质都是“走”,可以由词根“cede, ceed, cess”表示,而其方式则分别为“往前”和“往后”,可以由前缀“pro”和“re”表示,所以我们有proceed表“前进,进行”;recede表“后退,衰退”;前缀“ex”表“出去”,所以“exceed”表“超过”;前缀“pre”表“在……之前”,所以precede表“先于……发生”;前缀“ac”表“靠近,朝向”,所以access表“接近”,并进而引申出“使用……的权利”义。这只是信手拈来的几个四六级单词,实际上precedent(先例)也可以用同样的办法记忆,还有predecessor,因为加上了表示“人”的后缀,所以有“前辈”义,successor的前缀“suc”表“在下面”,引申为“在后面”,所以有“继任者”义……
常用的前缀不过二、三十个,而常用的词根亦不过百,由此演化生成而来的单词却成千上万,掌握这种方法譬如修炼武林秘笈《乾坤大挪移》,当可收到“一法通,万法通”、“四两拨千斤”的奇效。
笔者在此不可能也无必要列举所有在国内考试中出现的词根,市面上有些词汇书籍在这方面的工作已趋完善。本文只是着重讨论词根词缀法记忆单词某些可加以联想从而事半功倍的方面,为同学们的词汇学习指明方向。

一、记忆词根应当以熟记生

有一种误解认为:记词根相当于多记了一个单词,还不如直接死记硬背。我们说,如果一个词根确实只能帮助记忆一两个单词的话,确实不该多此一举。但是对于类似上

述例子的词根,我们完全可以找到一个含有该词根的熟词,从中掌握该词根含义,并进而用来指导一些生词的记忆。
举例:词根“it”表示“go”的意思。怎么记?
乍一看可能会抓狂,但只要想想“exit”就好办了,出口的用处是让人go out,即有“exit= go out”,而前缀“ex”=“out”,所以剩下的“it”=“go”;再看“visit”,参观的意思是走一走,看一看,即有“visit = go & see”,而“vis = see”(我们知道vision是“视力”,visual是“视觉”),所以剩下的“it”还是“go”的意思。
这时候再看circuit,显然是“go circle”的意思,于是其含义解释为“绕行一周”;再看ambition,也无须附会为“俺必胜”了,前缀“amb”意思是“around”,amb + it + ion=go around,即到处走,古罗马竞选制度为选举人四方游走,发表演说以笼络人心,赢得选票,这种制度在西方国家延续至今,竞选当然可以体现出一个人的雄心或者野心咯!

二、利用词根联想记忆单词

并非所有词根用来记忆单词都像上文的例子那样直接,有时词根义与单词义之间的关系不是那样直白,这时就需要我们在两者之间加以适当的联想。需要说明的是,这种联想绝非“三屉馒头”般的胡思乱想,既然单词由词根生成,其内在关联是必然的,我们所做的,只是追本溯源罢了。
举例:词根“spir”VS 单词“aspire, inspire, expire, respire, conspire”
首先应该以熟记生“spir”,这个词让我们联想到“spirit”——精神,北京人把精神叫做“精、气、神”,所以我们不妨把“spir”记成“气”。于是aspire可以拆解为a+spire, 联想成“一口气”,俗话说“佛为一炷香,人争一口气”,“一口气”说的是志向和抱负,所以aspire当然表示“有抱负,立志做某事”了;
inspire = in + spire, in表示“进入”,所以如果把inspire理解成“注入”一股士“气”,就是“鼓舞”的意思,如果把inspire理解成“吹入”一口仙“气”,就是“给……以灵感”的意思;
expire = ex + spire, ex表示“出去”,只有出气没有进气,当然是“断气”的意思,其引申义“到期”也不难理解,断气就是一个人的寿命到期了嘛;
respire = re + spire,re表示“反复”,反复的气息当然是“呼吸”的意思;
conspire = con + spire, con表示“一起,共同”,一起呼气,联想到“一鼻孔出气”,其“阴谋,共谋”的意思也就迎刃而解了。

再举一例:词根“struct” VS 单词 “construction,destruction,instruction”
struct表示建造,这从“structure”(结构)一词可以看出,结构最初就是用来描述建筑物的。construction容易记,它就是建筑的意思;destruction也没问题,因为

前缀de有“否定、消除”义,所以消除建筑物当然就是毁灭破坏的意思;问题是instruction,建造怎么会和“教育指导”扯在一起呢?只要联想一句话——“教师是人类灵魂的工程师”,工程师当然是建造人类灵魂的咯。

再举一例:词根 “vil” VS 单词“vile,villain,vulgar”
“vil”表示坏,所以vile表示卑鄙邪恶的,villain表示恶棍或反面角色,vulgar表示粗俗下流的。这里值得注意的是,词根在构词时有时会变换元音字母,类似的现象我们在第七点中还会看到。问题是如何记忆“vil”有坏的意思呢?还是要以熟记生,带有“vil”的熟词有village和villager,再次联想一句话——“穷乡僻壤出刁民”,这样说来villager当然是vile的了。在此郑重声明:并非笔者对农村和农民心存偏见,把语言从口头落到文字的是古代统治阶级,而中西方古时候的统治阶级显然都是与劳动人民为敌的,这组单词的孽源就在于此。

三、利用词缀模糊记忆单词

一般来说,词根对单词的意义做出了至关重要的贡献,可是如前所述,有时词根较为冷僻,我们也没有必要寻根探源,这时,前缀可能会对我们有所帮助。
举例:前缀dis意为“apart”,即“分开,分散”。很多dis开头的词都有这样的含义,如果我们对此有所期待的话,即使有时在阅读中不能反映出该词的精确意思,也可根据上下文猜个大概。如dissolve(溶解),dissipate(消散),disseminate(散布),dismiss(遣散),disperse(消散,分散),dismantle(拆开),dispense(分发),discrete(分离的),distribute(分配)。

再举一例:前缀per意为“through”或“thorough”,即“穿透”或“彻底”,常由此引申出“持续”义。如permeate(弥漫,渗透),permanent(永久的,固定的),perpetual(永久的,长期的),persist(持续,坚持),persevere(坚持不懈)。
四、利用根义记忆一词多义

很多单词具有多重含义,且都比较常用,孤立记忆注定事倍功半,这时如果从词根词缀构成的原始含义出发,进行适当联想,则可将其一网打尽。
举例:exclusive
“ex”表示“出去”,“clus,clud”表示“close,关”,如include之所以表示包含是因为in + clude表示“关进去”,所以exclude根义为“关在外面”。它的第一层意思为“排他的”,显然与根义有关;第二层意思为“独有的”,如exclusive interview,就是把其他的媒体都关在门外;第三层意思为“全部的,唯一的”,如focus exclusively on sth. 意即聚精会神于一点,把其他因素排除在外;第四层意思为“高档的”,就更加明显了,exclusive shop显然是把工薪阶层拒之门外的咯。

再举一例

:contract
“con”表示“一起”,“tract”表示“拉”,如tracor表拖拉机是因为其根义是“拖拉的东西”。所以contract的根义为“拉到一起”。其第一层意思为“合同,契约”,签署了合同就是在法律上把双方拉到了一起;第二层意思为“收缩”,也就是“拉到一起来”,与根义的关联更加明显;第三层意思为“染上”,不管染上一种坏习惯或是疾病,实际上都是把你和别人拉到了一起。
五、利用词根对比联想记忆单词

有时两个词根在分别构成单词时呈现出惊人的相似性,如能加以把握,对记忆无疑是大有裨益的。
举例:fabr->fabricate 和 text-> pretext
词根“fabr”的意思是“编”,fabric是织物,织物编织而成的,同根词还有fiber表“纤维”,所以fabricate是“编造,捏造”;
词根“text”的意思也是“编”,textile是纺织品,纺织品是编织而成的,同根词还有texture表“质地”,text作为一个单词意思是课文,也是“编”写而成的,所以pretext = pre + text表“提前编造”,意思是借口,托辞。
再举一例:lev->alleviate elevate lever relieve relief 和 grav-> aggravate grave gravity grieve grief
词根“lev”的意思是“轻”,引申为上升,所以alleviate = al + lev + iate表缓解,减轻。elevate表举起,提升,lever表杠杆,是用来提升重物的东西,relieve = re + lieve。再一次,我们看到了词根在构词时元音字母发生的变化,relief是relieve的名词。
词根“grav”的意思是“重”,所以aggravate = ag + grav + ate表加重,加剧。grave表严重的,gravity表重力,grieve表悲伤,悲痛,grief是grieve的名词。我们看到,词根“lev”和“grav”意义相反,其构成的单词alleviate,relieve,relief和aggravate,grieve,grief意义也恰好相反。
六、把词缀词根对应为词组记忆

这是词根词缀记忆法的较高境界。对于有些单词可以做如下拆解:前缀对应某小品词,词根对应某动词,从而把该单词对应为一个短语,而短语的意思往往是显而易见的,我们可以借此迅速、准确而持久地记忆单词。
举例:propose extract initiate erupt interrupt
pro = forward pose = put propose = put forward表提出,建议
ex = out tract = pull extract = pull out 表拔出,提取
in = into it = go initiate = go into 表开始,创始
e = out rupt = break erupt = break out 表爆发,喷发
interrupt这个词就更加配合我们了,我们甚至可以直接把它对应为一个中文词,inter = 中,rupt = break = 断,interrupt 当然表“中断”了,其引申义“打断”也就不难掌握了。
七、不是词根的“词根”

通过上述讲解,同学们可能意识到,词根虽然不是词,但一般都应具有一个完整的音节,亦即具有元

音字母。可是应该注意到,常常有这样一群意义相关的单词,它们含有的共同成分并无元音字母,甚至有时是分离的,但这并不影响该成分对词义做出类似于词根的贡献,这种成分我们将其称为“不是词根的‘词根’”。这些单词往往是通过固定的辅音字母组合加上变化的元音字母发生意义上的转变,但始终处在一个意群当中。
举例:有绑,缚,束的含义
bind表绑缚,b?????﨧鯠代/?版权所有沪江网代鯠﨧?????and表带子(用来绑缚的东西),bond表契约(在法律上束缚双方),bondage表绷带,bound 表一定的(be bound to do sth. 一定会做某事相当于受到某种约束),boundary表边境(约束居民不得轻越雷池),bundle表捆束。
再举一例:有扭,曲,绕,卷,皱的含义
wrap表缠绕、包裹,wrestle 表摔角(两个人缠绕在一起),wrench表猛拧、猛扭,wring 表绞、拧,wreath表花环,wrist表手腕(较灵活的关节,可以比较自如地扭动),wrinkle表皱纹,wrath 表暴怒(为七宗罪的一宗,表一种扭曲的心理状态可见一斑)。
再举一例:有光亮或看的含义 (众所周知,某些动物的眼睛在黑夜是会放光的,所以这两个意思统一在同一个词根下)
glance表一瞥,glimpse也表一瞥,glare双重含义:一指怒视,二指发强光(两层意思在这个单词里得到完美统一,我们形容一个人怒目而视常会说他目光如炬),glow表发光发亮,glory表光荣,glisten和glitter均表闪闪发光,glimmer表发微光,gleam 表闪烁,glaze表上光,glamour表魅力(我们说一个人有魅力往往会说他/她光彩照人,巴黎欧莱雅新款果晶润唇膏就叫做Glam Shine,可见在法语里glam确有“光”的意思,我们的联想绝非空穴来风。)
最后尚有几点需要说明:

1. 后缀一般只对词性有贡献,但有时也对词义有贡献,这时我们也应加以把握。如后缀“ium”表示场所(体育馆gymnasium,博物馆museum,水族馆aquarium)。再如后缀“ous”本义为“……多的”,如dangerous(危险的)来源于“很多的danger”,spacious(宽敞的)来源于“很多的space”。
2.词根词缀虽然对于记忆单词居功至伟,但也非万能灵药,有些词没有词根,有些词的词根过于冷僻,此时还应特殊记忆,无捷径可循。
3.有时无须了解词根的精确含义也可记忆单词。如:知道了ascend是上升,则无须了解词根“scend”含义,因为前缀“de”表“下来”,仍然可以记忆descend表下降;再如:知道了persuade是劝服,则无须了解词根“suade”含义,因为前缀“dis”表否定,仍然可以记忆dissuade表劝阻。
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述的内容,辅以一本相关书籍,再加上坚韧不拔、百折不回之精神,必将在背记词汇中生出摧枯拉朽,碎金裂石之功效。假以时日,同学们在各类英语考试中取得优异成绩当指日可待。我在上海新东方恭候佳音
nuisance n.令人讨厌的人或事物
You are such a nuisance.Stop bothering me! ;你这个可恶的东西,别再缠着我了!
worry vt. & vi. (使)担心,发愁 n.担心,忧虑
Even a carefree person is worried about something sometimes. ;即使无忧无虑的人也有担心的时候.
Cheer up!Worrying will add lines to your face. ;开心点儿!发愁会给你添皱纹.
anxiety n.焦虑,渴望
A good husband will give a timely call home when returning late ;好丈夫晚归时会及时打电话回家
in case of his wife's growing sense of anxiety. ;以免妻子越来越焦虑不安.
His anxiety to please his boss makes me sick ;他急于讨好老板,真让我感到恶心.
anxious a.焦虑的,急切的
If I'm late,don't be anxious about my safety. ;如果我迟到,别为我的安全担忧.
An old friend was anxious to meet me once he saw my picture online. ;一位老朋友一看到我网上的照片就急着见我.
go vi.去;变得 n.尝试,干劲
Milk soon goes bad in hot weather. ;牛奶在天气热时很快就会变坏.
Granny is 70,but still has got a lot of go. ;奶奶虽已70岁,但依然精力充沛.
postpone vt.推迟,延期
The result of the 2000 presidential election in the U.S. was postponed ;美国2000年的总统大选的结果迟迟未宣布
because there was a problem in counting the votes. ;因为点票出现了问题.
refuse vt.拒绝,不同意 n.废物,垃圾
Sales engineer for Microsoft?I can't afford to refuse such a good offer. ;这样好的一份工作,我拒绝不起.
Plastic refuse bag is also refuse. ;塑料垃圾袋同时也是垃圾.
cancel vt.取消;删去
The concert of that has-been star was canceled ;那位过气明星的演唱会被取消了
because 90% of the tickets were unsold. ;因为有90%的票仍未售出.
Today's decline in stock price canceled out yesterdays gain. ;今天股票价格下跌,抵消了昨天的收益.
all ad.完全地,很 pron.全部,整个
I'm not sure if all my students love me but I'm sure I love all of them. ;我不敢肯定我的学生是否都喜欢我,但我真的爱我所有的学生.
The fact that Sally has refused 6 proposals ;莎丽拒绝了6个男人的求婚
doesn't mean she enjoys living all alone. ;并不能就说她喜欢完全独个儿过活.
information n.信息,通知
For further information about it please call the editorial department. ;欲知详情,请致电编辑部.
Most people can't do without a computer in the information age. ;在信息时代,大多数人不能没有电脑.
conservative a.保守的,传统的 n.保守的人
I think most British people are conservatives, ;我觉得大多数英国人都是保守的人,
but they are not conservative in the way

they dress. ;但不是在穿戴方面保守.
The Conservative Party in Britain again was defeated by the Labor Party in the election. ;英国的保守党在大选中再次被工党击败.
confident a.确信的,有信心的
Network workers are not as confident about their future as they used to be ;网络工作者不像以前那样对自己的前途充满信心了
now that the cyber- economy is sliding down. ;由于网络经济走下坡路,
content n.容量,含量; [p内容;目录 a.满足的,满意的
If you want to lose weight,avoid food with high fat content. ;如果你要减肥,就不要吃脂肪含量高的事物.
When I start to read a book,I always skim over the contents first. ;我开始看一本书的时候总是先浏览一下目录.
In an Internet survey ;一项网上调查显示
the Colombians saw themselves as the world's happiest people. ;哥伦比亚人自认为是世界上最幸福的人.
Does it mean that they are content with their life? ;这是不是可以说他们对自己的生活很满意?
I was content to step down after four years as chief executive. ;我担任4年主管后甘愿让位.
generous a.慷慨的,大度的, a.丰富的
Benhur,a wise winner who was generous in victory, ;英明的宾虚对击败的敌人是宽大的,
was rewarded by a generous gift from the Roman general ;得到一位罗马将军丰厚的回报,
who had tortured him but later had been saved by him. ;这位罗马将军曾经折磨过他,但后来又被他所救.

extend vt.延长,延伸;扩大 vi.延续,延伸(在范围或应用上)达到
The Great Wall extends as far as the Jiayu Pass. ;长城延伸到嘉峪关.
pile v.堆积 n.堆
I have piles of work to do. ;我有一大堆活要干.
refer vi.(~to)查阅,参考;提到,涉及;指的是 vt.引...参考;让...求助于.
You are not allowed to refer to any reference books during the exam. ;考试时不许查阅任何参考书.
This matter is over, so please do not refer to it. ;事情已结束,所以请别再提了.
In reading tests,the reader is often asked ;在阅读测试中,读者经常被问及
what a certain pronoun refers to according to the context. ;某个代词在上下文中指的是什么.
extension n.延长,延伸; n.扩大;电话分机
Every year,the Spring and Autumn Export Commodity Fairs in Guangzhou ;每年在文州举行的春秋两季出口商品交易会
contribute a lot to the extension of foreign trade. ;大大促进了对外贸易的扩展.
Extension 2636, please. ;请接2636号分机.
extent n.广度;宽度;程度;长度;限度
The full extent of Sahara desert can be seen from the air. ;在空中,撒哈拉大沙漠的全景尽收眼底.
spare a.多余的;空闲的;备用的 vt.节约;抽出(时间) n.备件,备用品
I have no spare cash to lend you. ;我没有多余的现款可以借给你.
Can you spare me a few minutes of your time? ;我能耽搁你几分钟吗?
assemble vi.集合,聚集 vt.召集;装配
In a school without an audit

orium, ;在没有礼堂学校,
the school usually assembles in the playground for meetings. ;开大会时,全校师生员工通常在操场集合.
Little boys tend to take apart their toys and then assemble them back again. ;小男孩往往喜欢拆装玩具.
supreme a.极度的,最重要的至高的,无上的
Michael Jordan used to reign as the supreme player in the NBA. ;迈克.乔丹曾在美国职业篮球赛中占据至高无上的地位.
accumulate vt. & vi.积累,积蓄
Don't you think we should learn ;你不觉得我们应该多学点、
and earn more in order to accumulate knowledge and fortune? ;多赚点来积累知识和财富吗?
join v.加入;连接
China joined the World Trade Organization on December 11,2001. ;中国于2001年12月11日加入世界贸易组织.
Common career goals and common political ambitions ;共同的事业和政治抱负
joined Clinton and Hilary together. ;使克林顿和希拉里结合到一起.
include vt.包括,包含
The social problems involving adolescents are getting more serious ;与青少年有关的社会问题日益严重
in the Western countries. ;在西方国家.
They include teenage violence and teenage pregnancy. ;包括青少年暴力和少女怀孕等.
contain vt.容纳,包含;抑制
Fruit that contains vitamin C can relieve a cold. ;含维生素C的水果店可以减轻感冒症状.
It's hard to understand ;真难理解
why Engish football fans easily get too excited. ;英国球迷为何那么容易过分激动,
and can not contain their enthusiasm. ;难以克制他们的热情.
involve vt.牵涉,涉及;包含;使卷入,使参与
Don't involve me in your lawsuit! ;不要把我卷入你的诉讼.
I hate to get involved in other people's quarrels. ;我讨厌参与别人的争吵.
comprise vt.构成;包括,含有
The United Kingdom is actually ;英国实际上
is actually comprised of England,Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. ;由英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰构成.
Our nation comprises 56 different nationalities. ;我国有56个民族.
face n.脸,表情,正面 v.面向,朝着;面对
Be sure not to be afraid of losing face ;就一定要不怕丢脸
if you want to improve your spoken English. ;如果要提高你的口语.
Making mistakes is part of learning English. ;犯错误是英语学习过程的一部分.
Houses facing south usually sell best though they are more expensive. ;虽然价格贵一点,但朝南的房子通常是最好卖的.
course n.课程;过程;路线;一道菜
The Open University in Britain is an educational system ;英国的开放大学是一个教育体系
which makes use of television,radio, Internet and correspondence courses ;利用电视、广播,互联网和函授课程的.
A western style dinner has at least three courses: ;一顿西式晚餐至少有三道菜:
appetizer,main course,and dessert. ;头盘、主菜和甜点.
event n.事件,事情,比赛项目
Every year, ;每年
the ten greatest events

in the past year are voted in our university. ;我们大学都投票选出前一年的十件大事.
There were not any track and field events for women in the Olympic Games ;奥林匹克运动会原来没有女子田径比赛项目,
until 1928. ;直到1928年才有.


behalf n.利益,方面
Mother Teresa's efforts on behalf of Calcutta's poor ;德兰修女为加尔各答穷人所做的一切努力
eventually brought her the Nobel Peace Prize. ;最终为她赢得了诺贝尔和平奖.
abundant a.大量的,充足的; (~ in)丰富的,富裕的
Iraq is very abundant in petroleum depostits ;伊拉克的石油储量十分丰富.
cabinet n.内阁;储藏橱,陈列柜
In Britain,members of the Cabinet are chosen by the Prime Minister. ;在英国,内阁成员是由首相挑选的.
candidate n.申请求职者,投考者;候选人
The Republican candidate George W.Bush ;共和党候选人乔治.布什
was elected President of the United States in 2000. ;于2000年当选为美国总统.
capable a.有能力的,有技能的
Show me what you are capable of. ;让我看看你有什么本事.
Don't tell me that you are capable of nothing but speaking English. ;别告诉我你除了会说英语什么都不会.
career n.生涯,职业
Many university students plan their future career in the financial circle. ;许多大学生都将自己的未来职业计划在金融界.
decay vi.腐烂,腐朽;衰败,衰退,衰落
Although I know that sugar can decay my teeth,I can never resist candy. ;虽然我知道糖会蛀蚀牙齿但是我还是难以抗拒糖果的诱惑.
Our powers decay in old age. ;我们的体力在年老时衰退.
economic a.经济的,经济学的 n.(~s)经济学;经济状况经济因素,经济意义
The economic situation is not good in many developing countries. ;许多发展中国家的经济状况不佳.
economical a.节约的,省俭的,经济的
Small cars are more economical than large ones,because they use less petrol. ;小汽车比大汽车经济,因为它们耗油量较少.
economy n.经济,经济制度,经济情况;省俭,节约,充分利用
The CEO made a blueprint based on the current economy for the company. ;执行总裁为公司规划了蓝图,这一蓝图是建立在当前经济情况的基础上的
A lever is a tool with the economy of force. ;杠杆是一种省力工具.
faith n.信任,信赖,信心;信仰,信条
Keeping faith with friends is a good character. ;对朋友守信用是一种好品格.
faithful a.忠诚的,忠实的,忠贞的;如实的
If you want your friends to be faithful to you ;如果你希望你的朋友对你忠诚,
you must first be a faithful friend to them. ;你自己首先必须是他们忠实的朋友.
Not all films and TV series are faithful to history. ;不是所有的电影和电视剧都如实反映历史事实.
habit n.习惯,习性
It is a good habit to go for a walk after supper. ;吃完晚饭后散步是个好习惯.
ideal n.理想,理想的东西(或人 a.理想的,完

满的;想像的,空想的
I am looking for a house but haven't found my ideal yet. ;我正在找房子,但还没有找到理想的.
Jim says sneakers are ideal for hiking. ;吉姆说运动鞋是徙步旅行最佳的选择.
identical a.(~ to/with)相同的,相等的;同一的
My opinions are not always identical with my parents'. ;我的意见并不总是和父母的意见相同.
lag n.滞后;(时间上的)间走得慢,落后
The tortoise lagged behind the rabbit when they re-competed in the race. ;龟兔重新赛跑时,乌龟远远地落在兔子后面.
machine n.机器,机械 vt.用机器加工,用机器制造
It takes less time to machine clothes than to sew them by hand. ;用机器缝制衣服要比手工缝制省时.
negative n.(相片的)负片,底片;负数 a.否定的;反面的,消极的;负的,阴性的
The travelers were very unhappy ;这些旅客很不高兴,
because they couldn't find the negatives to their favorite photos. ;因为找不到他们心爱的照片底片.
Two negatives make a positive. ;负负得正.
I didn't do well in the interview with Uni-Liver ;我到联合利华公司的面试不理想,
and I am afraid of getting a negative response. ;现在真害怕收到否定的答复.
obey v.服从,听从
Napoleon required every soldier to obey his orders. ;拿破仑要求每个士兵都服从他的命令.
panic n.恐慌,惊慌,慌 vt.(使)恐慌, (使)惊慌失措 vi.感到惊慌
The Black Death once caused a great panic among people. ;黑死病曾引起人们极大的恐慌.
The crowd panicked at the sound of guns.(The sound of guns panicked the crowd.) ;枪声使群众惊慌失措.
parade n.游行,检阅 v.(使)列队行进,游行
The Asian Games began with a parade of all the competing nations. ;亚运会以参赛各国运动员的列队行进开始.
Some of the audience began to scream ;一些观众尖叫起来
when the Italian football team paraded the football field. ;当意大利足球队出场时.
particular a.特定的,特别的,特殊的挑剔的, (过分)讲究的 n.[p详情,细目
Michael Jackson is particular with his clothes. ;迈克尔.杰克逊在着装方面很讲究.
"For particulars, please ask the information desk." ;详情请向问讯处查询.
rack n.挂架,搁架 vt.使痛苦,折磨;使紧张,使努力
Although I racked my brains,I couldn't get the right answer. ;我绞尽脑汁也想不出答案
rare a.稀有的,珍奇的; (空气等)稀薄的;煎得色红肉嫩的,半熟的
The panda is a rare animal in the world. ;熊猫是世界上一种稀有动物.
Many Chinese don't like rare steak. ;许多中国人都不喜欢吃煎得半熟的牛排.
Rarely does the temperature go below 5 degree Celsius in GuangZhou. ;广州的气温极少低于5度.
raw a.自然状态的,未加工过的,生的;原始的,未经训练的
Do you like to eat raw vegetables? ;你爱吃生的蔬菜吗?
sacrifice n.牺牲,舍身;献祭,供奉 vt.牺牲,献出 vi.献祭
A mother would sacrifice her li

fe for her children. ;母亲愿意为自己的孩子操劳一生.
safety n.安全,保险;安全设备保险装置,安全场所
We had better place all our money in the bank for safety reasons. ;为了安全起见,我们最好把钱存到银行.
salary n.薪金,薪水
Computer engineers at IBM have very good salaries. ;IBM公司的电脑工程师有很好的工资待遇.
wage n.(常[p)工资,报酬 vt.开始,进行
Wages are higher in service trades than in industry. ;服务业的工人工资比工业领域的要高.
People are beginning to wage war on pollution. ;人们开始向污染宣战.
watch v.注视,看守,照看;小心,当心
We can not just watch with fold arms. ;我们不能袖手旁观.
Please watch out when you are crossing the road. ;过马路时请小心.

blast vt.炸 n.爆炸,一阵(疾风),一股(强烈的气流)
Over a period of two days in Pakistan ;两日内在巴基斯坦发生的
a series of blasts killed 6 people and injured 35. ;一系列爆炸事件造成6人死亡,35人受伤.
The moment the Federal Building in the heart of Oklahoma City was blasted by McVeigh, ;(美国)俄克拉荷马市中心的联邦政府大楼被迈克维炸毁的那一刻,
some people's American dreams were also blasted. ;一些人的美国梦也被炸碎了.
split vi.分裂,被撕裂 vt.使分裂,劈开 n.裂口,分裂
Any attempt to split the country is doomed to fail. ;任何分裂祖国的图谋都注定要失败.
Tom and Mary split up after they graduated from college. ;汤姆和玛丽大学毕业后便分手了.
attack vt. vi.攻击,抨击 n.攻击, (疾病等)突然发作
Guerrillas attacked an army camp in Kashmir on Saturday. ;游击队员周六袭击了喀什米尔的一个军营.
burst vt.使爆裂 vi.爆裂,挤满 n.爆裂,爆发
Don't be so angry! You'll burst a blood vessel. ;别发这么大火,你会把血管气裂的!
exhaust vt.使筋疲力尽;用尽,耗尽 n.排气管;排气孔; (排出的)废气,废液
Some web addicts often exhaust themselves by surfing the Internet for days on end. ;一些网虫经常持续几天网上冲浪,把自己搞得筋疲力尽.
It seems that Citizens in seriously polluted cities ;污染严重的城市的居民似乎已经
are used to breathing exhaust fumes. ;习惯了呼吸废气了.
consume vt.消费,消耗;吃完,喝完,充满
Can you recommend an inexpensive car that doesn't consume much gas? ;你能向我推荐一部既便宜又耗油不多的车吗?
I'm sure that Chinese people consume the largest amount of rice in the world. ;我敢肯定,世界上中国人吃掉的大米最多.
dispose vi.(~of)除掉,处理 vt.排列,使倾向于
We have to dispose of this pile of old papers and magazines. ;我们得把这堆旧报纸和杂志处理掉.
Suspicion disposes kings to tyranny and husbands to jealousy. ;猜疑使国王倾向于专制,使丈夫倾向于嫉妒.
disposition n.部署,处置 vi.(因恐惧等)咽一下口水
The disposition of the Peacekeeping Force

of the UN was not revealed. ;联合国维和部队的部署情况没有被透露.
swallow vt.吞;轻信 n.燕子;吞咽
A cobra can swallow a rabbit in one mouthful. ;眼镜蛇可以一口吞下野兔.
make vt. vi.做,使,总计
Sometimes 1 plus 1 doesn't make 2. ;有时候,一加一不等于二.
account n.描述;账户;说明 vi(~ for)作出解释; (在数量,比例方面)占
Please give a full account of what happened. ;请详细叙述所发生的事情.
Can you account for your absence? ;你能为你的缺席做出解释吗?
A report said that men accounted for 52% of the Chinese population. ;一份报告说男性占中国人口52%.
light n.光,灯火 a.轻(松)的,颜色)淡的 vt.点燃照亮
As Mrs. Roosevelt put it, ;正如罗斯福太太所说的,
I'd rather light a candle than complain about the darkness. ;与其抱怨黑暗,不如点燃蜡烛.
How about some light music? ;来点轻音乐好吗?
tender a.嫩的,温和的n.投标 vt.(正式)提出; vi.(~ for)投标
Would you like to try the tender beef I cooked? ;想尝一下我做的嫩牛肉吗?
"Love me tender,love me true..." Elvis Presley's words kept ringing in my ears. ;“温柔地爱我,忠诚地爱我...”猫王的歌萦绕在我耳际.
slight a.不足道的,纤弱的 vt.轻视,藐视
Women easily take offence at the slightest things. ;女人容易动不动就(为最微不足道的事)生气.
mild a.温和的,不严重的; (烟,洒)味淡的
A mild-mannered woman is attractive to most men. ;大多数男人喜欢温柔的女人.
Mild punishment can be effective in educating children. ;教育孩子时利用轻微的惩罚也会奏效.
fundamental a.根本的,基础的 n. (~s)基本原则,
There are fundamental differences between your outlook on life and mine. ;我和你的人生观,有着本质的不同.
comparative a.比较的,相对的
In poor rural areas, owning a bicycle is a sign of comparative wealth. ;在贫穷的农村地区,有辆自行车就是比较富裕的象征.
comparison n.比较,比拟
Comparison is used as a technique to develop argumentative essays. ;比较是议论文中常用的一种写作手法.
Comparisons are odious. ;人比人,气死人.
significant a.有意义的,重要的,重大的
A person's success today may be significant for his future. ;一个人今天的成功对他的未来会有重大的意义.
significance n.意义,重要性;
Few teenagers understand the significance of life. ;重大极少数十来岁的孩子懂得生活的意义.
Money is of great significance when starting an enterprise. ;资金对创业是十分重要的.
certainly ad.一定,当然
I certainly don't consider you stupid. ;我当然不认为你笨.
trouble n.麻烦,纠纷,动乱 vt.使烦恼,麻烦 vi.费神,费力
Having learned English for many years, ;学了多年的英语,
many students still have trouble speaking to foreigners. ;许多学生和外国人说话仍有困难.
Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. ;麻

烦没有来找你,不要自己找麻烦


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