第二章 翻译的过程
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Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story.
有些没让参加那次会议的记者把 内情 捅出去了。
He’ll be very happy if that story holds up.
如果这一 说法当真，那他就太高兴了。
借助相关的背景知识
John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.
约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直。 You want your pound of flesh, don’t you? 你要逼债，是吗？
3. 具体如何去理解？
1）语义分析 2）语境分析 3）语用分析
1. 理解什么？
切忌孤立地看待一句一词，因为同一个 词或一个词组在不同的上下文和不同的 语法结构中，往往有不同的含义，而有 时不助已掌握的语法知识 必要的语法知识有助于译者在翻译过程中正
确地理解原文，进而将其准确地转换为译文。
2. 依靠什么理解？
一个阔佬描述“理想”的妻子是迷人、美丽、性 感、聪明[聪慧/慧黠]、身材匀称的女人。而一个 穷人心目中的“理想”老婆则是招人喜欢、可爱 [漂亮]、动人、懂事明理[有见识]、有身条儿。
23
Both men describe their just-right wife by the same physical qualities but use different words. The millionaire’s definition of the justright wife is more elegant, whereas the poor man’s definition is a more common, everyday description.
A millionaire may describe his “just-right” wife as charming, beautiful, sexy, intelligent, and well-developed. On the other hand, a poor man may define his “just-right” wife as pleasing, attractive, desirable, knowledgeable, and shapely. Both men describe their justright wife by the same physical qualities but use different words. The millionaire’s definition of the just-right wife is more elegant, whereas the poor man’s definition is a more common, everyday description.
……不过偶然也有几个死人当得起石匠刻在他们朽骨 上的好话。真的是（ ）的教徒、（ ）的父母， （ ）的儿女、（ ）的妻子、（ ）的丈夫。
Good: 虔诚、慈爱、孝顺、贤良、尽职 （杨必 译）
1）语义分析
a. 分析英语词汇的各类意义 b. 分析英语词汇的意义关系 c. 分析英语词汇的搭配关系、逻辑关系
借助已掌握的语法知识
John is now with his parents in New York City; it is already three years since he was a bandmaster.
约翰现在同父母住在纽约市，他不担任乐队指挥已 有三年了。
The problems were particularly acute in the company’s top ten major metro sales markets, where it had been five years since the company had received local media support.
两者对他们理想妻子形体特征的描述大体相同， 但用词却不一样。阔佬对理想妻子的描述更文 雅一些，穷人的描述则是较为通俗的常用语。
在该公司的十大城市销售市场上，这些问题尤其严 重，因为该公司已有五年未获得当地新闻媒体的 宣传支持了。
2. 依靠什么理解？
借助相关的背景知识 在翻译的过程中，译者需要了解原文所涉及
的事物，特别是具有历史意义或文化意义的 事物，以便正确地解读原文，从而准确地将 其转换为译文。
2. 依靠什么理解？
1）语义分析
a. 分析英语词汇的各类意义 b. 分析英语词汇的意义关系 c. 分析英语词汇的搭配关系、逻辑关系
和上下文关系 d. 了解英语词汇所承载的社会与文化意
义
a. 分析英语词汇的各类意义
概念意义—字面上的意义 关联意义—附加在概念意义上的意义，
也就是对概念意义的引申。
无论男女，婚姻都是他们一生中做出的最重要 的抉择之一。男人选择一个女人，是因为在他 眼里她是他理想的妻子。每个男人对“理想” 的妻子都有自己的定义。比如，百万富翁和穷 人都可能会根据女人的形体特征描绘他们理想 的妻子。
22
A millionaire may describe his “just-right” wife as charming, beautiful, sexy, intelligent, and well-developed. On the other hand, a poor man may define his “just-right” wife as pleasing, attractive, desirable, knowledgeable, and shapely.
形成了第一个战争策源地。
I’m a committed Christian.
我是一名虔诚的基督徒。
He was a committed Nazi.
他是一名死心塌地/顽固不化的纳粹分子。
This is as clear as day. 这不是明摆着的事吗？ It’s as clear as mud. 这事简直稀里糊涂。
Translation of “story”
This war is becoming the most important story of this generation.
这场战争将成为这一代人的最重大的 事件。
It is quite another story now.
现在 情况完全不同了。
和上下文关系 d. 了解英语词汇所承载的社会与文化意
义
b. 分析英语词汇的意义关系
同义与反义 褒义与贬义 多义与歧义
Throughout that period we and other countries of western Europe have survived and prospered to a large extent thanks to the help and protection of the United States.
Beauty Is in the Eye of the Beholder
For years men and women have been getting married. They say their wedding vows which bring them together as one. They promise to love and cherish each other until death do them part.
The Rita Haywoth story is one of the saddest.
丽泰·海华丝的 遭遇 算最惨的了。
Translation of “good”
… yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, who is really deserving of the praises the stone cutter curves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife or a good husband. (Vanity Fair)
在整个时期内，基本上多亏美国的帮助和保护 ，
我们和其他西欧国家才得以免于遭难并获繁荣。
Thus, in the Far East, there also arose the first seat of war, thanks to the Japanese fascists.
这样，由于日本法西斯帝国主义作祟 ，就在远东
20
For years men and women have been getting married. They say their wedding vows which bring them together as one. They promise to love and cherish each other until death do them part.
世世代代，男女结为夫妻。婚礼上的誓言将他 们融为一体。他们发誓相亲相爱，至死不渝。
Note: Avoid unnecessary words. Avoid rigid word-for-word translation.
21
When a man and a woman get married, it is one of the biggest decisions they will make in life. A man may select a woman because he, in his own eyes, sees her as the just-right wife for him. Every man has his own definition of what the “just-right” wife is. For instance, the millionaire man and the poor man both may define their just-right wife according to her physical qualities.
笔译
第二章 翻译的过程
翻译的过程
正确理解原文 准确的表达 细致的审校
第一节 正确理解原文
1. 理解什么？ 2. 依靠什么理解？ 3. 具体如何去理解？
1. 理解什么？
通过原文的语境或上下文来理解原文中 句子或词语的
字面或概念意义（conceptual meaning） 内涵或关联意义 (associative meaning) 社会与文化意义 语法关系
When a man and a woman get married, it is one of the biggest decisions they will make in life. A man may select a woman because he, in his own eyes, sees her as the just-right wife for him. Every man has his own definition of what the “just-right” wife is. For instance, the millionaire man and the poor man both may define their just-right wife according to her physical qualities.
有些没让参加那次会议的记者把 内情 捅出去了。
He’ll be very happy if that story holds up.
如果这一 说法当真，那他就太高兴了。
借助相关的背景知识
John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.
约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直。 You want your pound of flesh, don’t you? 你要逼债，是吗？
3. 具体如何去理解？
1）语义分析 2）语境分析 3）语用分析
1. 理解什么？
切忌孤立地看待一句一词，因为同一个 词或一个词组在不同的上下文和不同的 语法结构中，往往有不同的含义，而有 时不助已掌握的语法知识 必要的语法知识有助于译者在翻译过程中正
确地理解原文，进而将其准确地转换为译文。
2. 依靠什么理解？
一个阔佬描述“理想”的妻子是迷人、美丽、性 感、聪明[聪慧/慧黠]、身材匀称的女人。而一个 穷人心目中的“理想”老婆则是招人喜欢、可爱 [漂亮]、动人、懂事明理[有见识]、有身条儿。
23
Both men describe their just-right wife by the same physical qualities but use different words. The millionaire’s definition of the justright wife is more elegant, whereas the poor man’s definition is a more common, everyday description.
A millionaire may describe his “just-right” wife as charming, beautiful, sexy, intelligent, and well-developed. On the other hand, a poor man may define his “just-right” wife as pleasing, attractive, desirable, knowledgeable, and shapely. Both men describe their justright wife by the same physical qualities but use different words. The millionaire’s definition of the just-right wife is more elegant, whereas the poor man’s definition is a more common, everyday description.
……不过偶然也有几个死人当得起石匠刻在他们朽骨 上的好话。真的是（ ）的教徒、（ ）的父母， （ ）的儿女、（ ）的妻子、（ ）的丈夫。
Good: 虔诚、慈爱、孝顺、贤良、尽职 （杨必 译）
1）语义分析
a. 分析英语词汇的各类意义 b. 分析英语词汇的意义关系 c. 分析英语词汇的搭配关系、逻辑关系
借助已掌握的语法知识
John is now with his parents in New York City; it is already three years since he was a bandmaster.
约翰现在同父母住在纽约市，他不担任乐队指挥已 有三年了。
The problems were particularly acute in the company’s top ten major metro sales markets, where it had been five years since the company had received local media support.
两者对他们理想妻子形体特征的描述大体相同， 但用词却不一样。阔佬对理想妻子的描述更文 雅一些，穷人的描述则是较为通俗的常用语。
在该公司的十大城市销售市场上，这些问题尤其严 重，因为该公司已有五年未获得当地新闻媒体的 宣传支持了。
2. 依靠什么理解？
借助相关的背景知识 在翻译的过程中，译者需要了解原文所涉及
的事物，特别是具有历史意义或文化意义的 事物，以便正确地解读原文，从而准确地将 其转换为译文。
2. 依靠什么理解？
1）语义分析
a. 分析英语词汇的各类意义 b. 分析英语词汇的意义关系 c. 分析英语词汇的搭配关系、逻辑关系
和上下文关系 d. 了解英语词汇所承载的社会与文化意
义
a. 分析英语词汇的各类意义
概念意义—字面上的意义 关联意义—附加在概念意义上的意义，
也就是对概念意义的引申。
无论男女，婚姻都是他们一生中做出的最重要 的抉择之一。男人选择一个女人，是因为在他 眼里她是他理想的妻子。每个男人对“理想” 的妻子都有自己的定义。比如，百万富翁和穷 人都可能会根据女人的形体特征描绘他们理想 的妻子。
22
A millionaire may describe his “just-right” wife as charming, beautiful, sexy, intelligent, and well-developed. On the other hand, a poor man may define his “just-right” wife as pleasing, attractive, desirable, knowledgeable, and shapely.
形成了第一个战争策源地。
I’m a committed Christian.
我是一名虔诚的基督徒。
He was a committed Nazi.
他是一名死心塌地/顽固不化的纳粹分子。
This is as clear as day. 这不是明摆着的事吗？ It’s as clear as mud. 这事简直稀里糊涂。
Translation of “story”
This war is becoming the most important story of this generation.
这场战争将成为这一代人的最重大的 事件。
It is quite another story now.
现在 情况完全不同了。
和上下文关系 d. 了解英语词汇所承载的社会与文化意
义
b. 分析英语词汇的意义关系
同义与反义 褒义与贬义 多义与歧义
Throughout that period we and other countries of western Europe have survived and prospered to a large extent thanks to the help and protection of the United States.
Beauty Is in the Eye of the Beholder
For years men and women have been getting married. They say their wedding vows which bring them together as one. They promise to love and cherish each other until death do them part.
The Rita Haywoth story is one of the saddest.
丽泰·海华丝的 遭遇 算最惨的了。
Translation of “good”
… yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, who is really deserving of the praises the stone cutter curves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife or a good husband. (Vanity Fair)
在整个时期内，基本上多亏美国的帮助和保护 ，
我们和其他西欧国家才得以免于遭难并获繁荣。
Thus, in the Far East, there also arose the first seat of war, thanks to the Japanese fascists.
这样，由于日本法西斯帝国主义作祟 ，就在远东
20
For years men and women have been getting married. They say their wedding vows which bring them together as one. They promise to love and cherish each other until death do them part.
世世代代，男女结为夫妻。婚礼上的誓言将他 们融为一体。他们发誓相亲相爱，至死不渝。
Note: Avoid unnecessary words. Avoid rigid word-for-word translation.
21
When a man and a woman get married, it is one of the biggest decisions they will make in life. A man may select a woman because he, in his own eyes, sees her as the just-right wife for him. Every man has his own definition of what the “just-right” wife is. For instance, the millionaire man and the poor man both may define their just-right wife according to her physical qualities.
笔译
第二章 翻译的过程
翻译的过程
正确理解原文 准确的表达 细致的审校
第一节 正确理解原文
1. 理解什么？ 2. 依靠什么理解？ 3. 具体如何去理解？
1. 理解什么？
通过原文的语境或上下文来理解原文中 句子或词语的
字面或概念意义（conceptual meaning） 内涵或关联意义 (associative meaning) 社会与文化意义 语法关系
When a man and a woman get married, it is one of the biggest decisions they will make in life. A man may select a woman because he, in his own eyes, sees her as the just-right wife for him. Every man has his own definition of what the “just-right” wife is. For instance, the millionaire man and the poor man both may define their just-right wife according to her physical qualities.