被动句的翻译解析

• (7) Convert the English passive into a subjectless or subject-omitted Chinese sentence • The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator. • 利用发电机，可以把（将）机械能再变成电能。 • Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be manufactured. • 要制造飞机，就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。
• 家家房顶上都装了供沐浴用的太阳能热水器。 • A solar heater is installed on the roof of every house, providing warm water for the shower. • 年满十八岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。 • All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election. • 汉英翻译中，汉语的被动语态翻译成英语的主动语态的现 象比比皆是，目的是因语言表达或叙述视角的差异所致。
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Common Ways to Translate the English Passive Convert the English Passive into the Chinese Active (1) Use the original subject as the new subject The gas can be liquefied and bottled or piped into homes. • 石油气可液化装瓶，或用管道输送到用户家里。 • It is reported that another man-made earth satellite has been put into orbit. • 据报道，另一颗人造地球卫星已送入轨道。
• 无论对于一个国家还是整个世界，以损害环境为代价来维 持经济快速发展决非长久之计。 • Whether in the case of a country or the whole world, fast economic growth cannot be sustained/ maintained in the long run at the expense of the environment. • 这些中国的珍贵文物如何被大英博物馆收藏，说起来恐怕 不是一段光彩的历史。 • How these precious cultural relics from China came into the possession of the British Museum would not make a palatable story. • 原文中，“被....收藏” 表示被动意义，但英译采用了 “came into the possession of”来翻译，表面上是主动语 态，实际上表示被动意义。
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It will be seen from this that... 由此可见.... It has been objected that... 有人反对说.... It is sometimes asked that... 人们有时会问.... It is established that... 可以认定.... It is hypothesized that... 假设.... It is recommended that... 有人推荐....
• (6) Supply indefinite subject like “有人”、 “人们”、 “大 家”、 “本文”,etc. • Voices were heard calling for help. • 有人听见呼救的声音。 • It is now understood that atoms can be further divided into small particles. • 现在人们懂得，原子还可以进一步分成更小的粒子。 • Common ferrous heat treating processes with the case hardening left out are briefly discussed. • 本文扼要地讨论了一般黑色金属的热处理工艺，其中的表 层硬化法则删略未论。
• 在通常情况下，一旦汉语中使用了被动语态，英译时往往要 用被动语态与之对译。 • 鼎湖山整个地区为热带、亚热带森林所覆盖，气候独特。 • The Dinghu Mountain is covered by tropical and subtropical forests and enjoys a unique climate. • 人类已经跨入了新世纪，世界城市化的进程将进一步加快。 • With the advent of the new century, urbanization will be further accelerated worldwide. • 汉语中这类句子往往有主语，却无动作的执行者，动作的执 行者往往可以根据常识判断出来但又没有必要清楚地说出来 。翻译时，需要将其转换成英语的被动语态。
• 汉语被动意义句的英译 • 汉语中，主动和被动的句法界定非常模糊，像英语那样有 标记性的句法被动句相对较少使用。因此，汉语中往往多 出现叫作“被动意义句”的句子，主要是从句子的意义层 次来考虑的，因为汉语中有很多句子在形式上是主动句， 但在意义上却是被动的，所以在英语中必须用被动句式才 能表达其意义。 • 此次国画展览向我们展示了，这种被很多人视为基本固定 的艺术形式能够包容丰富多变的风格。 • As indicated by the exhibition of traditional Chinese painting, a variety of styles can be contained in an artistic form regarded by many as basically fixed.
• The first clock with weights and wheels is said to have been invented about the year 1000 A.D., but clocks of that kind could not be carried about from place to place. Another four hundred and fifty years passed before the first watch was made in Germany. • 据说第一座装有钟摆和齿轮的钟大约是在公元一千年左右 发明的，但是这样的钟不便携带。又过了四百五十年，第 一块表才在德国制造出来。
Translation of Sentences of Special Patterns
吴宜涛 2011/5
• Translation of the Passive from English to Chinese • Frequent Use of the Passive • The passive abounds in English. Generally speaking, when the agent is unknown or need not be mentioned, or the object of the action is to be emphasized, the passive may be employed. • Visitors are requested to wait. • 来宾请等候。 • New factories are being built all over the country. • 全国到处在兴建新工厂。 • Your suggestion has been duly noted. • 你的建议已得到适当的注意。
• Translate the English Passive into the Chinese Passive
• Robert was dismissed by the boss of the factory. • 罗伯特已被工厂的老板开除了。 • This factory was seriously damaged during the earthquake. • 这家工厂在地震中遭到严重破坏。
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(4) Convert the verbs in passive form into Chinese nouns The hall is air-conditioned and beautifully lighted. 大厅里有空调设备，照明设计也非常美观。 (5) Convert the English subject into the Chinese object It is well known that the compass was invented in China more than two thousand years ago. • 众所周知，中国在两千多年前就发明了指南针。 • This cooperation—this association—will be strengthened by our talks this week in Beijing—the first such talks ever between Prime Ministers of China and Australia. • 本星期我们在北京的会谈——中澳两国总理首次这样的会 谈——将会加强这种合作和联系。
• Translation of the Idiomatic Passive • In translation some idiomatic English passives like the following, we usually use the character “据”, or supply indefinite subjects like “有人” “人们” “大家”, or use subjectless or subject-omitted expressions to turn the passive into the active. • Example: • I was told that... 我听说/ 有人告诉我.... • It is said that... 据说/ 有人说.... • It must be admitted that... 必须承认.... • It is well-known that... 大家知道/ 众所周知....
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• (2) Use the Chinese pattern “...是...的” or supply “加以 ”、 “予以” while retaining the original subject • The rate of motion or the speed of an object is given in units of length and time. • 物体运动的速率是用长度和时间单位来表示的。 • This question will be discussed in the next chapter. • 这个问题将在下一章加以讨论。 • It must be dealt with at the appropriate time. • 这必须在适当的时候予以处理。
• (3) Change wording while retaining the original subject • He was attentive to the signs of public opinion and disposed to be guided by them when right. • 他十分注意舆论界的动向，并且愿意按照舆论界正确的意 见办事。 • Hitherto he had been held in check by superior consideration and by the controlling interference of Congress. • 在这以前，由于更大的利害关系的考虑，也由于国会的制 约，他始终不敢轻举妄动。