归化翻译与异化翻译

Italian-origined American scholar Lawrence Venuti
“The Translator’s Invisibility ”
FT and literal translation
• Literal translation refers to either a strategy or a product. It focuses on the reproduction of both the form and meaning of the ST although the form sometimes does not conform to the target language usage. Word-for-word, or verbatim translation, is a special case of literal translation. The corresponding act is labeled “translate literally or directly or verbatim”.
• FT is a type of translation in which a target text “deliberately ” breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original.
• Schleiermacher claimed :
Translations from different languages into German should read and sound different :the reader should be able to ,guess the Spanish behind a translation from Spanish ,and the Greek behind a translation from Greek
Its opposite is literal translation. A free translation can be either a domesticating translation, or a foreignizing translation or neither of them. If it retains the foreign flavor, it is a foreignizing translation. If it loses the exotic flavor and is biased toward the target language-culture, it is a domesticating translation. If it loses the original flavor and is not biased toward the target side, it is neither of them.
Definition
• DT is a translation strategy in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign texts for target language readers.
DT and free translation
• Free translation, also called liberal translation, refers to either a strategy or a product. It focuses on the reproduction of the ST meaning rather than its form. The corresponding act is labeled “free-translate” or “free-hand”. The result of the act is a free translation. The translator who advocates it is a liberalist or a free-hander. Their thought or perception of translation is liberalism.
Foreignizing Translation and Domesticating Translation
异化翻译与归化翻译
History of FT & DT
• German scholar Friedrick Schleiermacher The translator ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱan either leave the writer in peace as much as possible and bring the reader to him ,or he can leave the reader in peace as much as possible and bring the writer to hime. (1813)
The result of the act is a literal translation. The translator who advocates it is a literalist. Their thought or perception of translation is literalism. Its opposite is free translation. A literal translation is a foreignizing translation in cases where source and target language and culture systems conflict with each other.