自考英语2 课堂笔记 Unit 1

Text A What Is a Decision?

第一段：

1. A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.

made 是过去分词，作choice的定语，可改为定语从句which / that is made …，from among是双重介词结构，除from以外，还有until、but、except后面可再跟介词短语。

2. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives.

该句中to establish and achieve …是不定式短语，充当句子表语成分。

3. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.

句中介词for与前面名词reason搭配，表示"…的理由"。另外，当reason充当句子主语时，该句表语从句必须以that引导。句中in the way意为"妨碍、阻碍"，way的搭配还有on the way（在…的路上）、by the way（顺便问一下、顺便说一句）。

第二段：

1. Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management.

该句中be fundamental to意为be important to

2. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making.

该句第一分句的主谓结构是everything involves decisions，everything 是主语，故谓语必须有"s"标记。句中a manager does 为定语从句，前面省略了关系代词that。此处切不可使用which。第二分句中suggest意为"提出、认为"。若表示"建议"，其宾语从句则必须使用虚拟语气，动词为：(should) do型。

3. Although managers cannot predict future, many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events.

该句中require意为"要求"，其宾语从句中也必须使用虚拟语气，动词为：(should) do型。

4. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions.

句中make a guess at 意为"猜一猜"，注意介词at；what引导的是一名词性从句，作宾语；chance在此处表示"偶然性"。

5. Sometimes the consequences of a poor decision are slight; at other times they are serious.

该句slight和serious显然为反义词，前者意为"轻"，后者表示"严重"。

第三段：

1. Choice is the opportunity to select among alternatives.

该句名词opportunity后面的to select …是定语成分，因opportunity 与动词select之间没有任何逻辑主谓关系，故以不定式作定语。

2. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made.

该句中there is no decision to be made也可写成there is no decision making。

3. Decision making is the process of choosing, and many decisions have a broad range of choice.

此句中range是名词，表示"范围"，它还可作动词，意为"在…范围内变化"，常与from …to…搭配。

4. For example, a student may be able to choose among a number of different courses in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree.

a number of表示"许多"，后接可数名词的复数形式，而the number of则表示"…的数量"；in order to表示"为

了"。

5. For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like.

based on …在句中充当constraints的定语成分，可改写为定语从句which are based on …，be based on意为"

以…为基础、以…为根据、建立在…基础之上"；and the like相当于and so on，表示"等等"。

6. These constraints exist at all levels of the organization.

该句exist是不及物动词。

第四段