管理学495第九章

Chapter 9

Effective and skilful teamwork

Team has independent members

Team helps members be more efficient working together than alone.

Teams functions so well that they create their own magnetism.

Do not always have the same leader.

In effective teams, members care for and nurture one another.

Teams have members who cheer for and bolster the leader, and vice versa.

Have a high level of trust among members.

Advantage of teams

(Group thinking), problem solving, productivity…etc.

Effectiveness of a leading team

Interdependence, efficiency, magnetisms, shared responsibility, mutual encouragement, and trust.

Attribute to an effective leading team: effective leader, that team is so pervasive.

Two critical aspects:

Developing credibility

Indirect control than direct control, gain respect and commitment.

How to build credibility and maintain it (7 behaviours)

1. Demonstrate integrity: trust, honest, justice, walking the talk, talking the walk

2. be clear and consistent

3. Create positive energy: optimism, compliments, recognize progress and success

4. Use commonality and reciprocity:

5. Manage agreement and disagreement: agree one side. Disagree, two sides

6. Encourage and coach

7. Share information: knowledgeable, understand talent and resource. Establishing motivating visions and goals accompanied by SMART goals Illuminate the value and guide team in the future.

Three characteristics

1.Left-brained and right brained.

Left brain: objective, target, accomplishment, head.

Right brain: metaphors, colourful language, emotions, imagination

2.Interesting: challenging and encouraging.

3.Passion and principles: desired outcome is associated with goals, specific,

measurable, aligned with team culture, realistic but stretching and time

bounded. (SMART), passionate. E.g. Increasing productivity is less good

than changing people’s live.

International caveats

Value orientate over its opposite:

Universalism vs. particularism, individualism vs. communitarianism, neutrality vs. affectivity, specificity vs. diffuseness, achievement vs. ascription, internal vs. external control, and past present or future time orientation.

Team Membership

Advantageous roles:

Team face two challenges: accomplishing the task, and building unity and collaboration among team members.

Two types of roles exist that enhance team performance: task facilitating roles, and relationship building roles.

Task facilitating roles:

Direction giving: identify ways to proceed or alternatives to pursue and clarifying goals and objectives.

Information seeking: ask questions, analyzing knowledge gaps, requesting options, beliefs and perspective.

Information giving: providing data, offering facts and judgments, and highlighting conclusions.

Elaborating: building on the ideas expressed by others; providing examples and

illustrations.

Urging: Imploring team members to stay on task and to achieve team goals.

Monitoring: checking on process, developing measures of success, and helping to maintain accountability for results.

Process analyzing: analyzing processes and procedures used by the team in order

to improve efficiency and timeliness.

Reality testing: Exploring whether ideas presented are practical or workable;

grounding comments in reality

Enforcing: helping to reinforce team rules, reinforcing standards and maintaining

agreed upon procedures.

Summarizing: combining ideas and summing up points made in the team; helping members understand the conclusions that have been reached.

Relationship building roles:

Supporting: praising the ideas of others, showing friendliness, and pointing out

other’s contribution.

Harmonizing: mediating difference between others, and finding a common ground in disputes and conflicting points of view.

Tension relieving: Using jokes and humour to reduce tension and put others at

ease.

Confronting: challenging unproductive or disruptive behaviours; helping to ensure proper behaviour in the team.

Energizing: motivating others toward greater effort; exuding enthusiasm.

Developing: assisting others to learn, grow, and achieve; orienting and coaching

members of the team.

Consensus building: helping build solidarity among team members, encouraging

agreement, and helping interactions to be smooth.

Empathizing: reflecting group feelings and expressing empathy and support fro

team members.

Blocking roles: roles than are unproductive and inhibit the team from

achieving what they could have achieved.