应用翻译第二讲
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• 把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达 出来。(《现代汉语词典》)
The Definition of Translation
• Cultural views on translation:
• For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism, since words only have meanings in terms of the cultures in which they function. (Nida) • 翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种 语言文字表达出来的文化活动。 (王克非)
The Process of Translation • The Basic Process of Translation 1) Accurate comprehension; stylistic analysis semantic analysis pragmatic analysis contextual analysis logical analysis 2) Adequate representation; 3) Revision.
5. Translator’s Competence (译者所应具备的能力) 6. The Methods of Translation (方法)
The Nature of Translation
• What is the nature of translation?
Eugene Nida
Fra Baidu bibliotek
A branch of science
The Criteria for Translation Criteria for translation 1) True to the original; 2) Vivid; 3) Smooth and natural; 4) Equivalence of response.
The Criteria for Translation In China 1.玄奘：既须求真，又须喻俗 2.严复：译事三难：信，达，雅。求其信， 已大难矣！顾信矣，不达，虽译犹 不译也，则达尚焉。(1898) 3.鲁迅：凡是翻译，必须兼顾两面，一当然是 求其易解，一则保存着原作的风姿。 4.傅雷：重神似，不重形似 5.钱钟书：化境 6.许渊冲：扬长避短，发挥译文语言优势。
Translators’ Competence
• Bilingual Competence target language + source language • Bicultural Competence the differences and the like in history, geography, climate, lifestyles between target language and source language • Encyclopedic Knowledge specialize in more than one field; the use of computers and software; knowledge of the Internet. • Political Stand
About translation
1. The Nature of Translation (本质) 2. The Definition of Translation (定义) 3. The Criteria for Translation (标准) 4. The Process of Translation (步骤)
The Criteria for Translation • General laws of translation (Tytler, 18英,泰 特勒) • 1. The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. • 2. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. • 3. The translation should have all the ease of original composition.
The Nature of Translation
• What is the nature of translation?
傅雷
An art
The Nature of Translation
孙迎春
skill/craft/instrument
The Nature of Translation
• What is the nature of translation?
Translators’ Competence 不可能 想不到 真没想到 我不懂 我答不出 请告诉我
(Just) Imagine (it).
I’ll buy it.
Translators’ Competence
“Come, Come! Don't be so devilishly sulky: it’s boyish.” 得，得，也用不着那样地不开心，这完全是 孩子气。 “Why, man, you’re genius, a master of masters, a god! At twenty-four, too!” ”唉，老兄，你真是个天才，圣人中的圣人， 人间的天神！而且年纪才只有二十四岁！”
The Definition of Translation
• Semantic views on translation:
• Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that author intended the text. (Newmark)
Translators’ Competence
朱宪超&韩子满
A translator must be a "Jack of all trades and master of some".
• 1) 2) 3)
To be a good translator: a sense of responsibility the responsibility of representing the original; …fulfilling one’s client’s requirements; …conforming to the socio-cultural norms of the receiving country; 4) …satisfying the demands of the target language reader; 5) …abiding by one’s professional ethics.
The Process of Translation • The Four-phase Process in Translating 1) analysis of the source text; 2) transfer from source to target language; 3) Restructuring in the target language; 4) Testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended audience.
茅盾
The combination of art and science
The Nature of Translation
• 文学翻译的任务：
用另一种语言把原作的艺术意境传达出来， 使读者在读译文的时候能够像读原作一样 得到启发、感动和美的感受。
The Definition of Translation
农民起义
• The enemy killed one of our soldiers and we killed an enemy agent.
敌人杀害了我们 的一名战士，我 们宰了一个敌特/ 奸细。
The Methods of Translation
翻译 fānyì “翻”是指对交谈中的两种 语言进行即时的、一句对一句的转换， 即先把一句甲语转换为一句乙语，然 后再把一句乙语转换为甲语。这是一 种轮流的、交替的语言或信息转换。 实际例子：宴会桌前，宾主用异种语 言进行交谈，他俩中间有一个双语人 士，在作即时的、一句对一句的语言 转换.
The Definition of Translation
The Definition of Translation
• Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and second in terms of style. -- Eugene Nida 所谓翻译，是指从语义到风格在译语中用最 切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。 --尤金.奈达
The Definition of Translation
• Communicative views on translation:
• The translator attempts to produce the same effect on the target language readers as was produced on the original source language readers. (Newmark) • 翻译是异语交际活动，通过语言转换达到交际 目的。（张泽乾）
“译”是指单向陈述，即说者只说不问，听 者只听不答，他俩中间也有一个双语人士， 只为说者作语言转换。实际例子是书面语 言转换，或者是外国新任驻在国使节向驻 在国首脑递交国书的场合. 翻译 是指在准确通顺的基础上，把一种语 言信息转变成另一种语言信息的行为。
The Definition of Translation
• Linguistic views on translation:
• Translation is “the replacement of textual material in one language (Source Language) by equivalent textual material in another language.” (Catford)
Translators’ Competence
sandwich man
身前身后挂着广告或标语牌的广告宣传员
She is a cat.
她是个心地恶毒的女人。/她是个爱说别人坏话 的女人。/他是个胆小鬼。
Translators’ Competence
• The peasant uprisings in the history of China
Translators’ Competence
1. 陈先生乃中国学界泰斗。
Mr. Chen is a renowned master in the academic circles of China.
2. 那位研究生英年好学，矻矻三载，终 始其论文得以付梓。
That graduate student at his life’s full flowering was eager to learn, worked diligently and untiringly for 3 years, and finally he had his thesis published.
The Definition of Translation
• Cultural views on translation:
• For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism, since words only have meanings in terms of the cultures in which they function. (Nida) • 翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种 语言文字表达出来的文化活动。 (王克非)
The Process of Translation • The Basic Process of Translation 1) Accurate comprehension; stylistic analysis semantic analysis pragmatic analysis contextual analysis logical analysis 2) Adequate representation; 3) Revision.
5. Translator’s Competence (译者所应具备的能力) 6. The Methods of Translation (方法)
The Nature of Translation
• What is the nature of translation?
Eugene Nida
Fra Baidu bibliotek
A branch of science
The Criteria for Translation Criteria for translation 1) True to the original; 2) Vivid; 3) Smooth and natural; 4) Equivalence of response.
The Criteria for Translation In China 1.玄奘：既须求真，又须喻俗 2.严复：译事三难：信，达，雅。求其信， 已大难矣！顾信矣，不达，虽译犹 不译也，则达尚焉。(1898) 3.鲁迅：凡是翻译，必须兼顾两面，一当然是 求其易解，一则保存着原作的风姿。 4.傅雷：重神似，不重形似 5.钱钟书：化境 6.许渊冲：扬长避短，发挥译文语言优势。
Translators’ Competence
• Bilingual Competence target language + source language • Bicultural Competence the differences and the like in history, geography, climate, lifestyles between target language and source language • Encyclopedic Knowledge specialize in more than one field; the use of computers and software; knowledge of the Internet. • Political Stand
About translation
1. The Nature of Translation (本质) 2. The Definition of Translation (定义) 3. The Criteria for Translation (标准) 4. The Process of Translation (步骤)
The Criteria for Translation • General laws of translation (Tytler, 18英,泰 特勒) • 1. The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. • 2. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. • 3. The translation should have all the ease of original composition.
The Nature of Translation
• What is the nature of translation?
傅雷
An art
The Nature of Translation
孙迎春
skill/craft/instrument
The Nature of Translation
• What is the nature of translation?
Translators’ Competence 不可能 想不到 真没想到 我不懂 我答不出 请告诉我
(Just) Imagine (it).
I’ll buy it.
Translators’ Competence
“Come, Come! Don't be so devilishly sulky: it’s boyish.” 得，得，也用不着那样地不开心，这完全是 孩子气。 “Why, man, you’re genius, a master of masters, a god! At twenty-four, too!” ”唉，老兄，你真是个天才，圣人中的圣人， 人间的天神！而且年纪才只有二十四岁！”
The Definition of Translation
• Semantic views on translation:
• Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that author intended the text. (Newmark)
Translators’ Competence
朱宪超&韩子满
A translator must be a "Jack of all trades and master of some".
• 1) 2) 3)
To be a good translator: a sense of responsibility the responsibility of representing the original; …fulfilling one’s client’s requirements; …conforming to the socio-cultural norms of the receiving country; 4) …satisfying the demands of the target language reader; 5) …abiding by one’s professional ethics.
The Process of Translation • The Four-phase Process in Translating 1) analysis of the source text; 2) transfer from source to target language; 3) Restructuring in the target language; 4) Testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended audience.
茅盾
The combination of art and science
The Nature of Translation
• 文学翻译的任务：
用另一种语言把原作的艺术意境传达出来， 使读者在读译文的时候能够像读原作一样 得到启发、感动和美的感受。
The Definition of Translation
农民起义
• The enemy killed one of our soldiers and we killed an enemy agent.
敌人杀害了我们 的一名战士，我 们宰了一个敌特/ 奸细。
The Methods of Translation
翻译 fānyì “翻”是指对交谈中的两种 语言进行即时的、一句对一句的转换， 即先把一句甲语转换为一句乙语，然 后再把一句乙语转换为甲语。这是一 种轮流的、交替的语言或信息转换。 实际例子：宴会桌前，宾主用异种语 言进行交谈，他俩中间有一个双语人 士，在作即时的、一句对一句的语言 转换.
The Definition of Translation
The Definition of Translation
• Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and second in terms of style. -- Eugene Nida 所谓翻译，是指从语义到风格在译语中用最 切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。 --尤金.奈达
The Definition of Translation
• Communicative views on translation:
• The translator attempts to produce the same effect on the target language readers as was produced on the original source language readers. (Newmark) • 翻译是异语交际活动，通过语言转换达到交际 目的。（张泽乾）
“译”是指单向陈述，即说者只说不问，听 者只听不答，他俩中间也有一个双语人士， 只为说者作语言转换。实际例子是书面语 言转换，或者是外国新任驻在国使节向驻 在国首脑递交国书的场合. 翻译 是指在准确通顺的基础上，把一种语 言信息转变成另一种语言信息的行为。
The Definition of Translation
• Linguistic views on translation:
• Translation is “the replacement of textual material in one language (Source Language) by equivalent textual material in another language.” (Catford)
Translators’ Competence
sandwich man
身前身后挂着广告或标语牌的广告宣传员
She is a cat.
她是个心地恶毒的女人。/她是个爱说别人坏话 的女人。/他是个胆小鬼。
Translators’ Competence
• The peasant uprisings in the history of China
Translators’ Competence
1. 陈先生乃中国学界泰斗。
Mr. Chen is a renowned master in the academic circles of China.
2. 那位研究生英年好学，矻矻三载，终 始其论文得以付梓。
That graduate student at his life’s full flowering was eager to learn, worked diligently and untiringly for 3 years, and finally he had his thesis published.