别再反复背诵了!有效的记忆方式应该是…

别再反复背诵了！有效的记忆方式应该是…

Repetition Doesn't Work: Better Ways to Train Your Memory

比简单重复更有效的记单词方法

A team of scientists recently discovered that repetition is a terrible way to memorize information—and their findings highlight much better strategies.

一组科学家最近发现重复记忆信息的方式是一种很糟的记忆方式，他们的新记忆方式强调从策略上找出更好的记忆方式。

A new study published in Learning and Memory found that simple repetition interferes with the ability to learn new information, especially when it is similar to a set of familiar facts. This may mean that memorizing facts about an issue through repetition could interfere with the ability to remember a more nuanced version of the same issue later on.

一项新的研究发现发表在《学习和记忆》杂志上，简单的重复性记忆方式干扰学习新信息的能力，尤其是记忆一组类似熟悉的事实。通过反复重复的方式记住的东西可能会干扰对同一问题的更加具体版本的记忆能力。

In study, subjects said a list of objects either one or three times.

Later on, in the recall phase, another set of similar objects ("lures") was snuck in. Those who had seen objects multiple times better recalled the original objects but had a harder time distinguishing the lures. In other words, their memories were stronger but less precise. Over the long run, repetition can be a false temptress, making us think we've learning something when we really haven't.

在研究中，让参与者对一个单词列表重复记三遍左右。在接下来的回忆阶段，在单词表里添加了一个相似的单词（“鱼饵”）。记过几遍单词列表的人对原单词列表的记忆颇深，但很难注意到细微的区别。也就是说，他们的记忆虽深但不够精确。从长期来看，重复性记忆很可能会成为虚假的诱惑变成一个幌子，其实我们并没有精确地记住东西，只是给我们造成的假象而已。

Here are a few tips for better memory:

这里有几个记忆小窍门：

Not all repetition is bad. It's more accurate to say that cramming is ineffective. “The better idea is to space repetition. Practice a little bit one day, then put your flashcards away, then take them out the next day, then two days later, " explain McDaniel and Roediger.

并不是所有的重复性记忆都不可取，死记硬背没有用。“更

好的办法是空间式重复性记忆。一天练习着记一点，慢慢到了不用卡片记忆，第二天，再把卡片拿出来记，两天后，再把卡片拿出来记，”麦克丹尼尔·罗迪格解释说。

Mentally testing yourself on materials generally increases recall days later, even if there's no feedback on how well you actually remember the facts. In other words, just going over the material in your head at regular intervals has benefits.

用记忆材料对自己的记忆力进行测试，一般都能记几天的时间，即使实际上对你记的内容并没有什么反馈信息，也要在你的脑海中定期对记忆材料回想一遍，这样对记忆有好处。Within academia, there's a raging debate about the optimal spacing between recall intervals. One of the original systems, by foreign language learning icon Paul Pimsleur, advocated for a pacing of five seconds, 25 seconds, two minutes, 10 minutes, one hour, five hours, one day, five days, 25 days, four months, and two years after the facts are initially learned. Since then, others have found that a slight delay of 10 minutes in the first retrieval made the task just mentally challenging enough to be beneficial. But it depends on the goal; if it's to memorize a speech in a day, you'll probably want to cram more intervals than if you want to remember something five years later.

在学术界，关于分段回忆最佳间隔期的争论一直都很激烈。