英汉翻译中虚与实的转换

英汉翻译中虚与实的转换英汉翻译中虚与实的转换：英语用词抽象概括，词义虚化手段多样。而汉语则用词具体，语言形象。二者在表达上的这种差异决定了英译汉时必须进行动静之间、虚实之间的

者的真实意图，从而满足人们表达上的某种需要。而汉语则缺乏相应的词义虚化手段，因而常常使用具体的表达方式。与英语的措辞抽象，含义晦涩相比，汉语以用词具体，表意清晰，语言形象而著称。所以，在实际翻译中，通常要进行

动静之间、虚实之间的转换，将抽象向具体引申，从而使译文语言地道自然。

英语中虚化、抽象的表达首先是在于大量抽象名词的使用。像这一类由动词或形容词派生来的抽象名词，转换

（2）His arrogance sent him into isolation and help lessness.

译文：他的傲慢态度使他孤立无援。

（3）Not to educate him (the child) is to condemn him to repetitious ignorance.

译文：不对儿童进行教育，就等于让他沦入永远的

（6）The least alarm of their movement would bring the enemy upon them.

译文：只要他们在行动中露出一点惊慌失措的样子，敌人就会向他们猛扑过来。

（7）She stopped listening. She felt as though she had been slapped to the extreme outer edge of life, into a

其次，对于英语里的那些由动词添加名词词缀而派生出来的抽象名词，或直接由动词转用作名词的词语，因其本身具有动作的含义，可以在进行英汉转换时，直接使用其动词形式，以动代静，以实代虚，从而避免固守原有的语言形式造成的语言生硬及不自然。

（1）He felt the need of a breath of fresh air and a drink of water, but did not venture to stir.

译文：他感到想呼吸点新鲜空气，喝点水，但他不

译文：政府呼吁建立更多的技术学校。

（4）I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain.

译文：雨无情地下个不停，我感到惊异。

（5）We also realized the growing need and necessity to industrialize certain sectors of the economy.

译文：过去我也常常有点胡思乱想。

（9）Tell us what happened. We’re all ears.

译文：告诉我们出了什么事，我们正在聚精会神地听着呢。

（10）It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal.

（2）“Would you hook me?”she said.

译文：“你替我扣上扣子，好吗？”她说。

（3）Then I told what a tall z, upright, graceful person their great-grandmother Field once was; and how in her youth she was esteemed the best dancer…

译文：然后，我告诉他们，当年外曾祖母费尔德个

译文：众所周知，过度肥胖或消瘦肯定是不健康的。

（2）Nature has no kindness, no hospitality, during a rain.

译文：下雨之时，大自然对人类毫不容情，似乎不让我们有容身之地。

（3）TV dinners are cooked and often served on throw-away trays.

的态度。

（6）A foretaste of the seriousness of incivility is suggested by what has been happening in Houston.

译文：休斯顿所发生的情况预示：如果不讲文明，将会产生何种严重的后果。

（7）Society then had not lost its exclusiveness nor its brilliance.

eyes of the wild spring flowers by the roadside.

译文：脚下柔软而有弹性的湿草，路旁春天的野花微妙的笑容，都给他以一种喜悦的感觉。

（2）So we drove along between the green of the park and the stony lifeless elegance of hotels and apartment buildings.

译文：车子朝前开着，一边是青翠的公园，另一边

译文：至少我听出里屋有喋喋的说话声和锅碗瓢盆的碰撞声。（厨房用具）

（2）He cooks to perfection.

译文：他烹炸煎炒样样拿手。（烹饪）

形象性词语以具体象征抽象，使语言生动传神，充满灵性和生气。汉语中虽抽象词语缺乏，却拥有着非常丰富

（2）Due to poor management, the venture is now at the end of its tether.

译文：那家企业因为管理不善，已到了山穷水尽的地步。

（3）The list of these objects could go on, but examples of two kinds of sea-shells tell the story.

译文：今年高考他又名落孙山了。

（6）The two teams are well-matched, and the score seesawed all the time.