寰枢椎脱位x线诊断标准

寰枢椎脱位x线诊断标准

英文回答：

X-ray diagnosis criteria for atlantoaxial dislocation:

1. Atlantoaxial dislocation is defined as a displacement of the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) vertebrae in relation to each other.

2. On the lateral X-ray view, the space between the odontoid process of C2 and the anterior arch of C1, known as the atlantodental interval (ADI), is measured. A normal ADI is less than 3 mm in adults and less than 5 mm in children.

3. The ADI can be increased in cases of atlantoaxial dislocation due to the displacement of the atlas and axis vertebrae. If the ADI is greater than the normal range, it suggests the possibility of atlantoaxial dislocation.

4. On the open-mouth view X-ray, the relationship between the atlas and axis can be visualized. Normally, the odontoid process of C2 should be aligned with the anterior arch of C1. If there is a displacement or malalignment between these structures, it indicates atlantoaxial dislocation.

5. In addition to the X-ray findings, clinical symptoms and history should also be taken into consideration for a comprehensive diagnosis. Symptoms such as neck pain,

limited range of motion, and neurological deficits may indicate atlantoaxial dislocation.

For example, let's say a patient presents with neck

pain and limited range of motion. An X-ray is performed and the ADI is measured to be 6 mm, which is greater than the normal range. On the open-mouth view X-ray, the odontoid process of C2 is seen to be displaced from the anterior

arch of C1. These findings suggest atlantoaxial dislocation. The patient's symptoms and X-ray findings together support the diagnosis.

中文回答：

寰枢椎脱位的X线诊断标准：

1. 寰枢椎脱位被定义为寰椎（C1）和枢椎（C2）相对位移。

2. 在侧面X线图像上，测量寰椎枢椎间的空隙，即寰枢间隙（ADI）。成人正常ADI应小于3mm，儿童正常ADI应小于5mm。

3. 寰枢椎脱位时，由于寰椎和枢椎的位移，ADI可能增大。如果ADI超过正常范围，可能提示寰枢椎脱位的可能性。

4. 在张口位X线图像上，可以观察到寰椎和枢椎之间的关系。正常情况下，枢椎的牙突应与寰椎的前弓对齐。如果这些结构之间有位移或错位，表明存在寰枢椎脱位。

5. 除了X线检查结果，还应考虑临床症状和病史，进行综合诊断。如颈部疼痛、活动受限和神经功能障碍等症状可能提示寰枢椎脱位。

举个例子，假设一个患者出现颈部疼痛和活动受限的症状。进行X线检查，测得ADI为6mm，超过了正常范围。在张口位X线图

像上，可以看到枢椎的牙突与寰椎的前弓有位移。这些发现提示寰枢椎脱位。患者的症状和X线检查结果共同支持了这一诊断。