第三章 翻译的基本技巧2

第三章翻译的基本技巧

Translation Techniques

第二部分

Part Two

Procedures of today:

☐Amplification vs. Omission

☐Affirmation vs. negation

☐Repetition

☐Exercises in class

☐Assignments of today

增译法

Amplification p.p.41—43

☐英译汉的增词主要是出于汉语表达的需要，用增词法译出原文所省略的词语，增添必要的连接词、量词或复数概念，表现不同的时态或先后顺序，或从修辞连贯等方面考虑，使译文的遣词造句符合汉语的表达习惯。

☐汉译英的增词旨在使译文符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯，常用于代词、冠词、连接词以及介词的增添。

Some more examples:

☐Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter.

☐物质可以转化为能量，能量也可以转化为物质。

☐Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.

☐从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训好。

☐Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it.

☐因为空气具有重量，所以处在空气中的任何物体都会受到空气的作用力。

☐The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley.

☐群山开始向山谷投下一道道蔚蓝色长影。

☐We won’t retr eat; we never have and never will.

☐我们不会后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也决不会后退。

☐This shows that the resistance of an electric conductor is inversely proportional to its cross-section area.

☐这表明，导体电阻的大小与导体横切面的大小成反比。

☐Many great writers were not appreciated fully while they were alive.

☐许多大作家的作品在他们活着的时候得不到人们的充分赏识。

☐交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。

☐Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.

☐我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。

☐We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved.

☐虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。

☐Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

☐我们应当逐步缩小城乡差距。

☐We should gradually eliminate the differences between town and country.

☐这真是俗话说的，“旁观者清”。

☐It is j ust as the proverb goes, “The onlooker sees most of the game”.

省略法

Omission p.p. 43—45

☐英译汉时省略法主要是省略一些可有可无、不符合译文习惯表达法的词语，如实词中的代词、动词，虚词中的冠词、介词和连词等。

☐汉译英时省略主要是省略冗词赘语，以及一些表示概念范畴的词语和过分详细的描述。

Some more examples:

☐For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its rooms, its electric wiring, its path and its garden.

☐两周以来，他一直注意观察房子的情况，察看各个房间，留心电线的走向、通道和花园的布局。

☐The direction of a force can be represented by an arrow.

☐力的方向可以用箭头表示。

☐On Sundays we have no school.

☐周日我们不上学。

☐Mr. Bingley was good-looking and gentleman-like.

☐宾利先生相貌英俊，彬彬有礼。

☐If you don’t go there tomorrow, they will get angry.

☐你明天不去，他们会生气的。

☐When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low.

☐压力低，沸点就低。

☐Outside it was pitch-dark and it was raining cats and dogs.

☐外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。

☐我已经提前完成了交给我的工作，他也提前完成了交给他的工作。

☐I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.

☐这些问题就是他提出的关于美国政治制度的问题。

☐These are his questions on the American political system.

☐花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，用不完的金银财宝。