法律英语PPT

II 要约 承诺 要约&承诺 承诺(Offer and Acceptance) Communication of Acceptance （送达承诺）
The General Rule Rule:
Acceptance MUST be Communicated to the offeror. HOWEVER, the offeror can waive（免除）this requirement either expressly or by implication implication. *Acceptance will only be effective to create agreement where the offeree is aware of the offer, (because an Offer is effective when it is Communicated to the offeree.)
What is an Invitation to Treat（要约 邀请）？
An Invitation to Treat is only a supply of information or a statement of intention. (Willingness to enter into Negotiations Negotiations)
I 合同的有效性 合同的有效性(The Validity of a Contract)
Freedom of Contract (契约自由) Bargaining Power: especially for Standard Form Contract （协议能力——格式合同） THUS, the law often intervenes （ 干 预 ） where one party seeks an unfair advantage as a result of his superior bargaining position. Such intervention will be made by Courts or Legislation such as the Sale of Goods Act, the Unfair Contract Terms Act, etc.
1 无效及可撤销合同 (Void & Voidable Contracts) 虚假陈述(Mispresentation) 虚假陈述 One party’s pre-contractual preMisrepresentation of factr party to enter into the contract. Effect
1 无效及可撤销合同 (Void & Voidable Contracts) 缺乏民事行为能力(Lack of Capacity) 缺乏民事行为能力 Mentally Capable: intelligence (智力) Age: eighteen or over Mind: sound (i.e. without mental disorders) Effect
The agreement for the transfer of land The consumer credit agreement The guarantee
有效合同的关键要素
Agreement between the parties An intention to create legal relations Consideration
Voidable at the Option of the person without free will 由非自愿一方当事人选择 选择是否撤销合同 选择
1 无效及可撤销合同 (Void & Voidable Contracts) 缺少合法性(Illegality) 缺少合法性(Illegality) Illegal Against Public Policy（公序良俗） （公序良俗） Effect: Void 误解(Mistake) 误解
II 要约 承诺 要约&承诺 承诺(Offer and Acceptance) Offer v.s. Invitation to Treat
Usually, an Offer is made to a particular person （ 特 定 的 人 ） with the exception of Unilateral Contracts where offers are made to a class of persons or to the world at large. Usually, an Invitation to Treat is not made to a particular person （特定的人）, such as: 特定的人） Advertisements Goods displayed for sale in a shop window or on self-service shelves Circulation of a price list（价格目录） *Auctions（拍卖） & Tenders（招标） （拍卖） （招标）
1 无效及可撤销合同 (Void & Voidable Contracts) 可撤销合同(Voidable Contract) 可撤销合同 A contract one party may set aside. The property thus transferred before avoidance is usually irrecoverable from a third party.
II 要约 承诺 要约&承诺 承诺(Offer and Acceptance) Termination of Offer（要约终止）
Lapse of Time（要约过期） （要约过期） ֠ Specified time ֠ Reasonable time Revocation by the Offeror（要约人撤销） （要约人撤销） The offeror may revoke his offer at any time before acceptance either expressly （明示）or by impli-cation impli-cation（暗示）. Revocation initially takes effect when it is Communicated to or Received by the offeree.
1 无效及可撤销合同 (Void & Voidable Contracts) 无效合同(Void Contract) 无效合同 Not a contract at all. The parties are not bound. The property thus transferred is generally recoverable even from a third party.
II 要约 承诺 要约&承诺 承诺(Offer and Acceptance) Termination of Offer（要约终止）
Rejection by Offeree（被要约人拒绝） （被要约人拒绝） Counter Offer（反要约） （反要约） A Counter Offer is when the offeree proposes new or amended terms, thereby terminating the original offer (since acceptance must amount to an unqualified agreement to all the terms of the offer). Counter Offer v.s. Request for Information
II 要约 承诺 要约&承诺 承诺(Offer and Acceptance) What is an Acceptance?
A Valid ACCEPTANCE is the offeree’s unqualified agreement to all the terms of the offer.
How to Make an Acceptance？
Express words to that effect by the offeree or his authorized agent Inferred from conduct *There MUST be some Act on the part of the offeree to indicate his acceptance. Silence constitutes no acceptance.
II 要约 承诺 要约&承诺 承诺(Offer and Acceptance) Termination of Offer（要约终止）
Failure of a Pre-Condition 前提条件未能成就） （前提条件未能成就） An offer may be ‘conditional in that it is conditional’ dependent on some event occurring or there being a change of circumstance. Death of the Offeror（要约人死亡） Offeror（要约人死亡）
Contract Formation 签订合同） （签订合同）
I 合同的有效性 合同的有效性(The Validity of a Contract) What is a Valid Contract? 有效的合同是当事人双方 双方达成的具有法律 双方 具有法律 约束力(legally binding)的协议，可以书面 约束力 (writing) 、 口 头 (words) 或 行 为 (action) 进 行证明。 A Valid CONTRACT is a legally binding agreement, between two parties, which agreement may be evidenced by writing, words or action.
Voidable at the Option of the person without capacity 由无民事行为能力人一方选择 选择是否撤销合同 选择
1 无效及可撤销合同 (Void & Voidable Contracts) 缺乏自由意志(Absence of Free Will) 缺乏自由意志 Any party should not be made to enter into a contract by: Duress（胁迫） （胁迫） Undue Influence Effect
Voidable at the Option of the other party
2 不能强制执行的合同 (Unenforceable Contracts) 不能强制执行的合同 (Unenfroceable Contract) A valid contract. One party fails to perform his part of the contract. The other party cannot compel him to do so. Form Requirements: in writing
II 要约 承诺 要约&承诺 承诺(Offer and Acceptance) What is an Offer?
An OFFER is a definite （ 确 定 的 ） promise to be bound on specific（具体的） terms. (Willingness to enter into Agreements Agreements)