翻译课--翻译的属性

• 例1、 Public opinion plays a vital and healthy role in
the political realm. • 例2、I am sure that it would change the situation if you are kind enough to lend support to me. • 例3、Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment. • 例4、In the wake of his mother's death some thirtysix years later, Hemingway turned back to the adventure and tried to write a novel about it.
• 1. 夜色沉沉，大雾弥漫，可这并没有使这些年轻人感到忧 虑。 • 2. 人靠衣裳马靠鞍 或 佛要金装，人要衣装。 • 3. 我昨夜听见她鼾声如雷。
下列翻译有何不妥？
• 1. Millet made a portrait of Lady Chesterfield ， which flattered her ． • 米勒为了逢迎切斯特菲尔德夫人而替她画了一幅像。 • 2. High vaulted rooms with cool uncarpeted floors ， great dogs upon the hearths for the burning of wood in winter time ， and all luxuries befitting the state of a marquis in a luxurious age and country ． • 高拱顶的房间里，没铺地毯的地板显得凉爽，几条大狗趴 在冬天烧木柴的几个壁炉台上，陈设着在一个奢侈时代和 国家里适合于侯爵身份的一切奢侈品。
•
It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune’s favored children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds ．
• 7. But the next century we'll be able to alter our DNA radically, encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms. • 8. As a human being, we should demonstrate our intellectual and moral superiority by respecting others for who they are -- instead of rejecting them for who/what they are not.
• 例： （1） Then he was off to Columbia Business School ， where he found his Rosetta Stone of investing ．（Roger Lowenstein ： An Unassuming Billionaire） 后来他进了哥伦比亚商学院，在那里找到了自己的投资指南。（ Rosetta Stone 是埃及古碑，意为“指点迷津的东西” ，这儿喻指“帮助理解难题的 Fra Baidu bibliotek物” 。）
• 他说这是颂扬那个给童年的他带来巨大影响的摇滚乐时代 的一种方式。那么这个想法怎么会由一个不起眼的念头变 成了文字，然后又变成了电影呢？ 答案是名人精疲力尽了。 这位点石成金的好莱坞宠儿由《西雅图未眠夜》到《玩具 故事》和《阿波罗13 号》，获得了一连串的票房成功，并 因《费城的故事》和随后的《阿甘正传》连续两年问鼎奥 斯卡奖。 • backburner是“次要地位；一时不重要的地位” 。golden touch 是“点金术” 。Sleepless in Seattle ， Toy Story ， Apollo 13 ， Philadelphia 和Forrest Gump 都是电影片名。
• 5. ×他对气候的唯一让步就是穿了一件白色的短餐 衣。 • 气候变化，他仅稍稍作了一点变通，赴宴时穿了 件白色的短礼服。 • 6. ×假如某些动物心理学家的分析正确，狗在很大 程度上代表着它的家人 － 理所当然这一家也就属 于狗帮了。 • 假如有些动物心理学家的分析正确，狗对于 他所在家庭的认同是非常实际的－－它理所当然 地认为这一家人就是它所归属的一群狗。
• 3. This large body of men had met on the previous night ， despite the elements which were opposed to them, a heavy rain falling the whole of the night and drenching them to the skin.
• （3） It is a way, he says, of paying tribute to the rock’n’roll era
that had a huge impact on him as a child ．So why did the idea come off the backburner and on to paper and then celluloid ？ Celebrity burn-out is the answer. Hollywood’s man with the golden touch had had a string of box-office success ， from Sleepless in Seattle to Toy Story and Apollo 13, and had won Oscars two years in succession, for Philadelphia and then Forrest Gump ．
• • • • •
1. ×公共舆论在政治领域起着生命力的、健康的作用。 舆论在政治领域起着极其重要的、有益的作用。 2. ×我相信如果你有足够的好心支持我的话，它将会改变形势。 我相信如果你非常好心能撑我一把的话，情况就不一样了。 3. ×职业和工作带来很大的幸福和满足，而我们大多数人并不意识到 这一点。 • 职业和工作对于获得幸福和满足起了很大的作用，我们大多数人对 此却认识不足。 • 4. ×在他母亲去世36年之后，海明威又想起了那次历险奇遇，并试图 写一部小说。 • 大约36年过后，在他母亲去世后的不久，海明威又想起了那次遭 遇的险情，并试图就此写一部小说。
• 3）讨论：译者对民族文化有什么责任？
2. Is translation a science or an art
• why? 讨论 • 试译：
• 1. Night and fog didn’t worry the young people. • 2. Fine feathers make fine birds. • 3. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.
外语腔(translationese)或翻译腔
• 外语腔(translationese)是初学翻译者不知不 觉地会在汉语译文中表现出来的一种不当 倾向。翻译时所要表达的内容来自外语原 文，原文的词语和结构形式随着内容一起 进入到我们的大脑，于是原文的语言形式 被带入译文，造成了译文的外语腔。
试译
• （ 2 ） The Army and Navy needed all their energies to acquire
conventional weapons; they had no time for Buck Rogers games ．
• 陆军部和海军部都忙于采购常规武器，没有工夫来过问新玩艺儿。 （Buck Rogers games 是科幻小说里使用光线武器的战争，这儿喻指 “尖端武器” 。）
试译
• 例5、The only concession he made to the climate was to wear a white dinner jacket. • 例6、If certain animal psychologists are right, a dog adopts his family in a most literal way -taking it for granted that the family is the band of dogs he belongs to.
Assignment
• • • • 1. She couldn't have come at a better time. 2. She has been a widow only six months. 3. I believe the speech was needlessly stubborn. 4. The Macedonian argument has a Greek dimension too. • 5. The Englishman feels no less deeply than any other nationality. • 6. From a physical standpoint, there ought to be as many colours as there are different wave lengths.
Lesson 2
• 学生Presentation
1、Properties of Translation
翻译的属性
• • 1）Encoding and Decoding：semiotic property 2）Cultural property：翻译涉及社会文化的方方面面，如 历史、宗教、政治、地理、军事、外交、经济、文艺、科 学、风土人情、民俗习惯等，译者只有对此有较多的了解 才能深刻准确地理解原文，洞察中英两种文化的异同，完 美地表达原作所要传达的思想内容。
Improvement and correction
• 1.原文中的flatter 意为“超过” ［ to make better looking than the reality］ ，将其译为“逢迎”是理解上的错误。正确的译文应该是： “米勒给切斯特菲尔德夫人画了一幅像，该像之美简直超过了她本 人。”若原文为“to flatter her”，上译方才正确。 • 2.原文中的greatdogs 意为“壁炉中烧柴取暖时用来支柴的铁架” ，将 其译为“几条大狗”是理解上的错误。正确的译文应该是：“高拱顶 的房间里，没铺地毯的地板显得有点凉爽，冬天取暖时用于壁炉里支 柴的粗壮的铁架放在壁炉架下的炉床上，房间里陈设的奢侈品应有尽 有，所有这些奢侈品均适合奢侈时代、奢侈国家的侯爵的身份。” • 3.原文中的despite the elements which were opposed to them 译作“尽 管老天与他们作对” ，读起来未免平板滞重、佶屈聱牙，如译作“尽 管天公不作美” ，不仅传神达意，而且文字简练、十分得体。） • 4.原文中的touch onlythe tip 译作“只不过是碰了碰问题的尖端” ，读 起来文理不通、让人颇为费解，如译作“只不过是蜻蜓点水”则言简 意明、生动形象。）
• 这一大群人头天晚上还是聚到了一起，尽管老天与他们作 对，整夜下着倾盆大雨，大家被淋得浑身透湿。 • 4. such measures touch only the tip, but not address the basis of the problem.
• 然而，这样的措施只不过是碰了碰问题的尖端，并没有触 及问题的根源。