离合器毕业论文

离合器毕业论文
The clutch is the important assembly of manual variable speed, and its good and bad relationship is whether the car can start and change smoothly. The clutch is located in the engine and gearbox between the flywheel shell, with screw will be fixed in the clutch assembly after the flywheel plane, is the input shaft from the gearbox output shaft of clutch. In the process of the car, the driver can use on the or release the clutch pedal, the engine and gearbox temporary separation and joint gradually, to cut off or transfer the engine to the transmission input power. This paper mainly studies the common failure of the
df-car clutch, and analyzes and solves it. It has a realistic meaning for the use and maintenance of cars. This paper introduces the function of dongfeng automobile clutch (make cars smooth start, interrupt to drive, function, structure, and by the east wind power, cooperate to shift, prevent overload) automobile repair clutch as an example, the typical analysis of dongfeng automobile clutch failure (clutch slippage, clutch is not complete, difficult gear, clutch jointing shake, the sound of the clutch, clutch) noise and vibration causes, solutions, maintenance way, and how to correctly use, matters needing attention when using, avoid failure of clutch, prolong service life. Key words: clutch; Dongfeng motor; Fault analysis; Theory of friction plate mesh record the chapter 1 mio... 1, 1.1 the clutch is introduced... The development of 1, 1.2 the clutch... The overview of the clutch in chapter 2... 3 2.1 the function of the clutch... The structure of the clutch of the dongfeng car... The type of working principle of the clutch and the requirements... The type of clutch... How the clutch works... The basic requirements that the friction clutch should meet... The comparison of the spring clutch with the spring
clutch of the spring clutch. Chapter 3: common failure analysis and maintenance of the dongfeng car clutch... 3.1 clutch gliders... 13 3.2 clutch separation not complete, hanging in the difficulty... 14 3.2.1 fault phenomenon... 14 3.2.2 troubleshooting... When the clutch joins the clutch... 16 3.3.1 fault phenomenon... 16 2 3.3.2 rainfall distribution on 10-12 reason and repair... 16 3.4 clutch sound... 16 3.4.1 track malfunction phenomenon... Reasons and processing... 17 3.5 clutch noise and vibration... 18 3.5.1 lead bearing (sleeve) damage... 18 3.5.2 separate bearing damage... 18 3.5.3 separate bearings, gearbox first axis, flywheel, clutch cover different heart... 3.5.4 flywheel - clutch assembly is unbalanced (36)
clutch inspection...
... The dismantlement and decomposition of the 3.6.1 clutch main cylinder... The dismantling and decomposition of the 3.6.2 clutch working cylinder... 3.6.3 main cylinder, working VAT check... 3.6.4 clutch main cylinder, working cylinder assembly... The air in the hydraulic system of 203.6.5... Chapter 4 the case of the dongfeng automobile clutch maintenance case... The case of clutch slide maintenance (22)
4.4.1 fault symptoms... 22 4.1.2 overhaul method... 22 3 4.2 clutch maintenance cases... 23 2 fault symptoms... 23 4.2.2 test method... 24 "theory... 25 to thank...... 27 references... In the course of the rapid development of the national economy, the volume of automobile production increased year by year, and by 2011 it had reached more than 10 million vehicles. China has more and more cars and more and more cars. Especially the rapid development of technology, some new technology, new material widely used in automobile, to increase certain difficulty to automobile failure diagnosis and elimination, clutch is an
important assembly manual transmission car essential. Without a clutch manual, the car will not be able to start, and it will be difficult to implement the stop transform. In the car use, the clutch inevitably appears such, such a failure, directly affects the normal operation of the car. Now that cars are moving quickly into homes and cars are being privatized, car failures are going to affect us all. It is of great and realistic significance to analyze the phenomenon of clutch failure, the cause, the removal method of the clutch failure and the maintenance process of the clutch. This paper focuses on the discussion of the failure of the series of truck clutch in dongfeng series, and the fault of clutch is correctly recognized, and the clutch is better used and maintained. 1.1 introduces the clutch is located in the engine and gearbox between the flywheel shell, with screw will be fixed in the clutch assembly after the flywheel plane, is the input shaft from the gearbox output shaft of clutch. During the course of the car, the driver can step down or loosen the clutch. The engine is temporarily separated from the gearbox and gradually coalesced in order to cut or transfer the engine input to the transmission. , in the car clutch is manual and automated mechanical transmission is electronically controlled shift car transmission is an important assembly of 1, is to make sure this car can start and shift a must-have 1 independent components. Figure 1-1 of 1.2 clutch general situation of the development Today more pieces of the pioneer of plate type clutch used disc clutch, it is until after 1925. The main advantage of multi-disc clutch is that when the car starts the clutch is relatively smooth and unimpactable. By the end of the 1920s, until the 1930s, there were only a number of clutches for cars, cars, and high-powered cars. Many years of practical experience and
technical improvement to make people gradually incline to and preferred monolithic dry friction clutch, because it has a slave unit moment of inertia of small, good heat dissipation, simple structure, convenient adjustment, the advantages of compact size, thorough separation, and take action on the structure, has been able to do joint smooth, so now it is widely used in large, medium and small various models.
Now the single-disc dry friction clutch is quite perfect in the design of the structure. The smoothness of the clutch joint is improved by using a moving disc with axial elasticity. Torsional vibration damper are installed in the clutch platen assembly and to prevent the transmission of torsional resonances, reduced the transmission noise and dynamic load, with the improvement of people of automobile comfort requirements, the clutch has been improved, on the basis of the original passenger car increasingly using torsional damper with dual mass flywheel, effectively reducing the noise of the transmission system. Chapter 2, an overview of the function of the clutch 2.1 clutch installed between the engine and transmission, used to separate or joint dynamic contact between before and after. Its function is: first, prevent the transmission line overload. When the vehicle during emergency braking, if there is no clutch, the engine will sharply reduce the speed by and drivetrain rigid connection, thus all moving parts will produce very big inertia moment (its numerical could significantly more than the normal work of the engine maximum torque of), on the bearing capacity of the drive train more than its load, and make the parts damaged. With the clutch, it can be eliminated by the relative motion between the active part of the clutch and the moving part. Therefore, we need the clutch
to limit the maximum torque and safety of the driving system. Second, interrupt the driving force and change gears. In the course of the car, the driving system often needs to change the gear for the changing driving conditions. Realize the shift of the gear transmission, general 6 gear or other shift, make the original launch of a gear pair with gear, make another gear gear pair into the work. Must before the shift on the clutch pedal, interrupt power transmission, easy to make the original gear meshing pair off, at the same time make the speed of new gear meshing pair meshing area gradually incline to synchronization, so enter the meshing impact can be greatly reduced, achieve a smooth shift. Third, make the car start smoothly. This is the primary function of the clutch. Before the car starts, it is natural to start the engine. When the car starts, the car accelerates from a completely static state. If the drive train (which is linked to the whole car) and engine to contact rigidity, hang up a gear, transmission, cars will be suddenly rushed forward, but it does not start. This is because the car has a lot of inertia when it comes to the front, causing a lot of torque to the engine. Under the effect of the inertia torque, the engine speed in transient time fell sharply to the lowest stable speed (generally below 300-500 RPM), the engine is shut down and cannot work, car can't start, of course. Therefore, we need the help of the clutch. Before the start after the engine starting, the car, the driver on the clutch pedal, clutch, make the engine and transmission system off, then hang up transmission gear, then gradually the clutch pedal, clutch joint gradually. Stuck in the process of joint, the engine torque increases gradually, therefore, should be gradually on the accelerating pedal at the same time, the gradual increase of engine fuel supply, the rotating speed of the engine keep
on 4 minimum stability speed, without stalling. At the same time, due to the clutch joint close degree increases gradually, the engine by transmission to drive the wheel torque will increase gradually, the traction enough to overcome the initial resistance, the car is starting from the static movement and gradually accelerated guaranteeing the transmission shift work flat 2. 2.2 the structure of dongfeng automobile clutch An east wind car is to adopt the hydraulic control system, rather than using the cable type, now most of the large car adopts hydraulic control system has a small friction resistance, convenient arrangement and combination of soft, and can transfer the engine maximum torque, in the long-term work does not cause the clutch pedal force increased significantly, reduce the labor intensity of drivers, etc.
Dongfeng automobile clutch hydraulic control system consists of the clutch pedal, storage tank, the oil hose, clutch master cylinder, clutch cylinder, tubing assembly, separation, pedals and release bearing assembly. The storage tank has two oil holes, and the brake fluid is supplied to the master cylinder and the clutch master cylinder respectively. The clutch main cylinder has compensable hole and feed hole, and it communicates with the reservoir through the inlet hose. The main cylinder contains the piston, the center of the piston is thinner, and the "ten" shape section makes the piston right side of the piston the inner cavity of the main cylinder forming the oil chamber. The piston ends with a leather bowl. The piston on the left side of the piston is fitted with a one-way valve, which is connected to the oil chamber of the piston right side of the piston. When the pedal is in the initial position, the piston left end cup is open between the compensation hole and the inlet
hole. When the clutch working cylinder has the piston, the leather bowl, the push rod and so on, the cylinder body also has the abandon screw plug. When the air exists in the official road, the air screw can be wrung out. When stepping on the clutch pedal, the piston moves to the left through the main cylinder, and the one-way valve is closed. When the piston cup is closed, the oil in the pipeline is compressed and the pressure increases. Under oil pressure, the piston of the working cylinder is pushed to the left, and the working cylinder pushes the top head directly to push the separation plate, which will drive the separation of the bearings and the clutch. 2.3 type and working principle of the clutch asked 2.3.1 type clutch points have electromagnetic clutch and the magnetic powder clutch, friction clutch, hydraulic coupling. The mechanical parts that can be joined or separated at any time by work. It can be used to control the starting, stopping, shifting and changing of the machine transmission system. The clutch type is various, according to the work properties can be divided into: 1. The electromagnetic clutch relies on the power of the coil to control the coupling and separation of the clutch. Electromagnetic clutch can be divided into: dry-type monolithic electromagnetic clutch, dry multi-disc electromagnetic clutch, wet multi-disc electromagnetic clutch, magnetic powder clutch, electromagnetic clutch slip type, etc. The working mode of the electromagnetic clutch can be divided into: the combination of the electric combination and the power failure. Dry mono-disc electromagnetic clutch: when the coil is energized, the magnet absorbs the "armature" and the clutch is in the joint state. When the coil is off, the "armature" bounces back and the clutch is separated. Dry multichip Principle of wet multi-disc electromagnetic clutch: same as
above, in addition to increase some friction, equivalent volume of torque than dry-type monolithic electromagnetic clutch, electromagnetic clutch wet multi-disc work must have oil or other cooling liquid cooling. 6 (2) the magnetic powder clutch Between the active and follower placed magnetic powder, magnetic powder in a loose state when no electricity, electricity combined with magnetic powder and active pieces with follower rotation at the same time. Advantages: the torque can be adjusted by adjusting the current, allowing the large slip difference. Disadvantages: higher temperature and higher relative price. Differential electromagnetic clutch: when the clutch is working, the main, the part must be at a certain speed difference to have torque transfer. The torque size depends on the strength of the field and the difference in speed. The excitation current stays the same, and the speed increases with the torque. The torque remains constant, the excitation current decreases, the speed decreases more seriously. Slip type electromagnetic clutch because there is no mechanical connection between master and slave unit, no wear, no leakage magnetic powder, no impact, adjust the excitation current can change speed, for the use of stepless transmission, this is the advantage of it. The main drawback of this clutch is that the vortex in the rotor produces heat, which is proportional to the difference in speed. At low speed, the efficiency is low, the efficiency is the main, the speed ratio of the slave shaft, namely eta n2 / n1. The mechanical transmission system suitable for high frequency action can be combined or separated from the active part by the active part. When the active parts are separated from the moving parts, the active parts are turned and the moving parts are still. The active and slave parts are in a joint state, and the active parts are carried by the active
parts. Widely used in machine tools, packaging, printing, textile, light industry, and office equipment. Electromagnetic clutch with 7 commonly at ambient temperature to 2050 ℃, humidity is less than 85%,
In the medium without explosion danger, the coil voltage fluctuates no more than 5% of the rated voltage. The
liquid-force coupler is the active part of the fluid transfer torque of the hydraulic coupling, which is connected to the pump wheel. The turbine and pump wheel are relative to the pump. When the pump speed is low, the turbine cannot be driven, and the active part is separated from the slave. As the pump speed increases, the turbine is driven, and the active part and the follower are connected. The electromagnetic clutch controls the coupling and separation of the clutch by the power of the coil. If the magnetic powder is placed between the active and the follower, the coupling can be strengthened, which is called a magnetic powder electromagnetic clutch. At present, to match the manual transmission the vast majority of the clutch for dry friction clutch, according to the number of the platen, is divided into single disc, double disc and disc to wait for a few kinds. The friction clutch is divided into wet and dry. The friction clutch is now widely adopted in the car with the friction of spring compression, and the friction clutch is divided into wet and dry. Wet friction clutch is usually multidisc, which is abbreviated as friction clutch. To match the manual transmission the vast majority of the clutch for dry friction clutch, according to the number of the platen, is divided into single disc, double disc and disc to wait for a few kinds. Heat dissipation in other standard oils. Using several helical springs as a compression spring, the clutch,
which is distributed in a circumference of the pressure plate, is called a week's spring clutch. The diaphragm spring is called the diaphragm spring clutch. The torque of the engine, through the friction between the flywheel and the pressure plate and the moving disc, is passed on to the moving plate. When the driver steps on the clutch pedal, the moving part of the diaphragm spring is separated from the active part by the passing of the machine and the spring of the diaphragm spring.
2.3.2 clutch working principle 1. The working principle of the electromagnetic clutch Electromagnetic clutch electricity (the standard voltage of 24 V), the coil produces a strong magnetic field, the armature plate under the action of magnetic force were drawn to the yoke or electromagnetic electromagnetic brake friction clutch rotor bushing. The drive or brake torque is passed by the plate spring, which is run without slip and no friction after the connection. After the loss of electricity, the armature plate is in the action of the plate spring force, leaving the sleeve of the magnetic yoke or the rotor of the electromagnetic clutch, ready for the next action. There is no residual torque when released. The electromagnetic
clutch/electromagnetic brake or vertical installation can achieve the transmission of torque, no matter high speed or no load. The magnetic powder clutch is a combination of the input shaft and the slave unit output shaft. The space between the two units is filled with granular magnetic powder (about 40mm). When magnetic coil, non-conductive, not from the shaft torque on the driven shaft, but such as electromagnetic coil electricity, 9 is the magnetic powder by the action of magnetic attraction hardening phenomenon, in even the following would convey the torque between sliding. The essence of the hydraulic coupling is the combination of centrifugal pumps and turbines.
It consists mainly of input shaft, output shaft, pump wheel, turbine, casing, auxiliary room and safety protection device. The input shaft is connected to the power machine at one end, and the other end is connected to the pump wheel: the output shaft is connected to the turbine at one end, and the other end is connected to the machine. The pump wheel is symmetrical with the turbine, and a certain number of leaves are arranged inside the wheel. The casing is sealed with the pump wheel, and the cavity is filled with liquid to transfer power. As the prime mover, through the input shaft driven pump rotates, filling in the working chamber of working liquid by centrifugal force and the role of the wheel blade by the radius of the smaller pump impeller inlet is accelerated pressurized into the radius of the larger pump wheel exports, at the same time liquid of moment of momentum increment, namely coupling pump wheel the input mechanical energy into liquid kinetic energy: when carrying liquid kinetic energy of the work by the pump export rushed to the other side of the turbine wheel, the fluid along the flow channel formed by the turbine blades of reuben do centripetal flow,
At the same time, the liquid kinetic energy is released into mechanical energy which can drive the turbine and drive the load. So the working fluid in the body cavity work repeatedly do spiral circulation movement, so the output and input in the absence of any direct mechanical connection, 3 only on liquid kinetic energy is flexible to join together. 4. The working principle of the friction clutch Engine flywheel is active of clutch, platen and driven with friction disc hub by sliding spline and the driven shaft is connected (i.e., the drive shaft transmission). The compression spring will be pressed against
the flywheel with 10 moving plates. Engine torque as the friction between the flywheel and clutch plate interface function and to the platen, and thus after a driven shaft and a series of components to the drive wheels in the drive train. The greater the compression force of the compression spring, the greater the torque that the clutch can transmit. The friction clutch should satisfy the basic requirements of the first, guarantee the maximum torque that can be delivered by the engine, and also have a certain transfer torque. Second, when it is separated, it is completely separated, and it is soft and has good heat dissipation. Third, the inertia of the moving part is as small as possible. Fourth, it has the ability to soften the direction of rotation, attenuate the vibration of the direction, and the noise is small. Fifth, the friction coefficient of pressure plate pressure and friction film is small and stable. Sixth, the manipulation of the province force, the maintenance and maintenance is convenient. 11, 2.4 push type diaphragm spring clutch and the type of the diaphragm spring clutch comparing figure 2-1 push type diaphragm spring clutch diaphragm spring clutch and pull type first, adopt as compression spring clutch diaphragm spring is called diaphragm spring clutch. Second, diaphragm spring clutch: push diaphragm spring clutch and pull diaphragm spring clutch. Its structure consists of clutch cover and pressure plate assembly, clutch disc assembly, clutch separator bearing and flywheel. Characteristics: the diaphragm spring clutch torque capacity is large and stable. Manipulation of light; Simple and compact structure; Good ventilation performance; The service life of friction film is long. 12 set of clutch diaphragm spring the installation of a rotating axis is completely symmetrical, so it's not affected by centrifugal force, compression force is
very suitable for high speed rotation. And the process of making the diaphragm spring is increasing, so the clutch is being used more and more in the car. Chapter 3 Dongfeng automobile clutch common failure analysis and repair 3.1 clutch slippage failure phenomenon The car started, the clutch pedal up too high can barely started; When you speed up, the speed doesn't improve. These are all clutches. First, the hydraulic control clutch skid, majority is because the clutch pedal free stroke is not enough to cause separation bearing pressure on the separation of lever or diaphragm and rotates. Adjustable clutch pedal return position, and adjust the master cylinder push rod length, dispatch the push rod and the piston to resist long, then push back dry half a circle, the general gaps between push rod and the piston pump. And then adjusted score 13 section rod pump adjustable length make its elongation, feel the release bearing and separating lever or diaphragm to resist, then turn adjusting screw mouth to the clearance is about 2 mm. Second, regarding the mechanical manipulation of the clutch, the clutch pedal free stroke is not enough, the adjustable pedal lever work length, the separation gap between bearing and separation of lever or diaphragm to the specified value. Third, as a result of the clutch friction plate is stained with oil and slip, can be high leverage or diaphragm, increasing the separation clearance, rope or hardwood separate the clutch pedal fixed in position, then use a screwdriver will attend a layer of clean cloth, soaked in gasoline into separate side, turn the handwheel, the oil erase, in wipe with dry cloth to clean it again. Then, use a screwdriver to pry open the other side of the friction piece. After washing, adjust the separation lever height. Fourth, when the clutch is ablative and slippery, if the friction plate is thicker, the ablation will be sanded and
the separation lever height can be adjusted. The 3.2 clutch is not completely separated, and it is difficult to catch up to 3.2.。