英汉构词法比较PPT

New word beg edit
emote lase
inflection
In English, inflection is a common way of word formation to show the grammatical function of a word.
General rules
Some ways of word formation in English cannot be found in Chinese language. Such as:
derivation,
blending,
backformation
Derivation
• By adding affixes to the existing words, we can create new words.
There are both differences and similarities in word formation between English and Chinese.
Hopefully, the comparison of the two languages in word formation can be helpful to bilingual learners.
Backformation
Backformation is the making of a new word from an older word which is mistakenly assumed to its derivative.
Examples:
Original word beggar editor emotion laser
-s/-es is added to a verb when it is used behind a third person.
-ed to a verb when it is to show the past tense or past participle.
-s to a noun when it is to indicate the plural form.
multiple
Leabharlann Baidu
• Suffixes:
-tive/-ary/-ful/-able/-y/-ish/less are all to form an adjective
-ness/-tion/-sion/-er/-ence are to form a noun
Blending
Blending refers to the process of combining parts of two words to form a third word which contains some of the meaning of each other.
-er/-est to an adjective to mean the comparative and the superlative.
Whereas, the above mentioned formations cannot be found in Chinese, despite the argument that in Chinese we sometimes use the same word as a verb and a noun.
Examples
Smoke+ fog= smog fruit+ juice= fruice Motor+ hotel= motel Modulator+ demodulator= modem Breakfast+ lunch= brunch Communication+ satellite= comsat Helicopter+ airport= heliport
For example,
Rich:
If we add a prefix ‘en-’, it becomes a verb ‘enrich’
If we add a suffix ‘-ness’, it becomes a noun ‘richness’
Affix
• The prefixes are the following: A-/an-: abnormal Dis-: dislike discovery In-: instable indoor impossible immoral Mis-: misunderstanding mistrust Mini-: mini-dog Ex-: ex-husband ex-president Multi-: multiparty multinational
A comparison of word formation between English
and Chinese
2007级2班 邓晶
2009.11.5
Generally speaking, as society develops, word formation gains its complexity.
Similar word formation:
Compounding, shortening, and
conversion
compounding
Compounding refers to a method or a device of language to form new words by combining together old words. Both in English and Chinese, compounding is widely used as a word formation. It is estimated that about 27% of the English words are formed by this way and more than 80% of the Chinese words are created using this method.