英语习语与文化
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• 10. A comparison between English idioms and Chinese idioms
• 11. Translation of English Idioms: the understanding of English idioms; ecognition of idioms; the general methods of translation
• The use of idioms, some hints:
• Lesson One: What is an idiom?
Lesson One:
• Sam is a real cool cat. He never blow his stack and hardly ever flies off the handle. What is more, he knows how to get away with things …. Well, of course, he is getting on , too. His hair is pepper and salt, but he knows how to make up for lost time by taking it easy. He gets up early, works out, and turns in early. He takes care of the hot dog stand like a breeze until he gets time off. Sam’s got it made; this is it for him.
something bad without being punished • to be getting on – to get older • pepper and salt – of hair becoming gray
• to make up for something – to compensate for something
Without using idiFra Baidu bibliotekm
• Sam is really is calm person. He never loses control of himself and hardly ever becomes too angry. Furthermore, he knows how to manage his business financially by using a few tricks …. Needless to say, he, too, is getting older. His hair is beginning to turn gray, but he knows how to compensate for wasted time by relaxing. He rises early, exercises, and goes to bed early. He manages his frankfurter stand without visible effort, until it is someone else’s turn to work there. Sam is successful; he has reached his life’s goal.
• to take it easy – to relax • to work out – to do exercises • to turn in – to go to bed at night • like a breeze – easily • time off – a period of release from work • to have got it made – to be successful • this is it – to have reached one’s object
• 6. Proverbs, saying, slang; their features; a comparison between proverb and idiom; their uses
• 7. Part of speech of English idioms (or their functions)
Importance of learning idioms
• Idioms are not a separate part of the language which one can choose either to use or to omit, but they form an essential part of the general vocabulary of English. ( Jennifer Seidl)
• 8. Phrasal verbs as idioms: definition; structure; combination; idiomaticity; problems caused by phrasal verb
• 9. Rhetoric approaches of English idioms: simile, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, personification, euphemism, allusion; cultural background for the above approaches
English is rich in idioms
• English is very rich in idiomatic expressions. In fact, it is difficult to speak or write English without using idioms. An English native speaker is very often not aware that he is using an idiom. (Jennifer Seidl)
• If a person always uses a bookish, stilted expressions and never uses an idiom in the right place, he might developed the reputation of being a dry, unimaginative speaker, or one who is trying to be too serious and too official. The use of idioms is, therefore, extremely important. It can strike a chord of solidarity with the listener. The more idioms you use in the right context, the more at ease native Americans will feel with you and the more they will think to themselves "this is a nice and friendly person -- look at how well he expresses himself! (DAI)
• 12. How to consult dictionaries for idioms? Information provided: illustrative examples; grammatical info; pragmatic info, cultural info, collocation info, etc.
What is an idiom?
• An idiom is a number of words which, taken together, mean something different from the individual words of the idiom when they stand alone. (Jennifer Seidl)
transformation of idioms? normal transformation and novel transformation and their identification
• 5. How to recognize transformed idioms? What is transformation of idioms? -- normal transformation and novel transformation and their identification
Features of Idioms
• single unit (整体性)、 institutionalization (凝固 性)、 irreplaceability (不可替代性)
• I. Structural features • Idioms are set phrases or accepted phrases, closely
• Why English is so rich in idioms? --- The most probable reason is that we develop new concepts, we need new expressions for them, but instead of creating a brand new word from the sounds of the language, we use some existent words and put them together in a new sense. ( DAI)
constructed: • make haste -- *make him haste • 1) Can not be broken up and put in two clauses, e.g.
Many idioms in it
• be a cool cat – to be a calm person • to blow one’s stack – to become mad • to fly off the handle – to become very angry • what’s more – besides • to get away with something – to do
• a phrase which means something different from the meaning of the separate words (LDOCE)
• the meaning of each idiom is an isolated fact which cannot be inferred from the meaning of the words of which the idiom is made up (Adam Makkai)
features • 3. Where do idioms come from? Their relations
with culture. Idioms and culture: • sources (I), sources (II) • 4. Structure of English idioms • 5. How to recognize transformed idioms? What is
ENGLISH IDIOM AND ITS CULTURE
英语习语与文化
Syllabus (topics for the semester)
• 1. Why do we need to know idioms? • 2. Features of English idioms -- definitions ;
• 11. Translation of English Idioms: the understanding of English idioms; ecognition of idioms; the general methods of translation
• The use of idioms, some hints:
• Lesson One: What is an idiom?
Lesson One:
• Sam is a real cool cat. He never blow his stack and hardly ever flies off the handle. What is more, he knows how to get away with things …. Well, of course, he is getting on , too. His hair is pepper and salt, but he knows how to make up for lost time by taking it easy. He gets up early, works out, and turns in early. He takes care of the hot dog stand like a breeze until he gets time off. Sam’s got it made; this is it for him.
something bad without being punished • to be getting on – to get older • pepper and salt – of hair becoming gray
• to make up for something – to compensate for something
Without using idiFra Baidu bibliotekm
• Sam is really is calm person. He never loses control of himself and hardly ever becomes too angry. Furthermore, he knows how to manage his business financially by using a few tricks …. Needless to say, he, too, is getting older. His hair is beginning to turn gray, but he knows how to compensate for wasted time by relaxing. He rises early, exercises, and goes to bed early. He manages his frankfurter stand without visible effort, until it is someone else’s turn to work there. Sam is successful; he has reached his life’s goal.
• to take it easy – to relax • to work out – to do exercises • to turn in – to go to bed at night • like a breeze – easily • time off – a period of release from work • to have got it made – to be successful • this is it – to have reached one’s object
• 6. Proverbs, saying, slang; their features; a comparison between proverb and idiom; their uses
• 7. Part of speech of English idioms (or their functions)
Importance of learning idioms
• Idioms are not a separate part of the language which one can choose either to use or to omit, but they form an essential part of the general vocabulary of English. ( Jennifer Seidl)
• 8. Phrasal verbs as idioms: definition; structure; combination; idiomaticity; problems caused by phrasal verb
• 9. Rhetoric approaches of English idioms: simile, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, personification, euphemism, allusion; cultural background for the above approaches
English is rich in idioms
• English is very rich in idiomatic expressions. In fact, it is difficult to speak or write English without using idioms. An English native speaker is very often not aware that he is using an idiom. (Jennifer Seidl)
• If a person always uses a bookish, stilted expressions and never uses an idiom in the right place, he might developed the reputation of being a dry, unimaginative speaker, or one who is trying to be too serious and too official. The use of idioms is, therefore, extremely important. It can strike a chord of solidarity with the listener. The more idioms you use in the right context, the more at ease native Americans will feel with you and the more they will think to themselves "this is a nice and friendly person -- look at how well he expresses himself! (DAI)
• 12. How to consult dictionaries for idioms? Information provided: illustrative examples; grammatical info; pragmatic info, cultural info, collocation info, etc.
What is an idiom?
• An idiom is a number of words which, taken together, mean something different from the individual words of the idiom when they stand alone. (Jennifer Seidl)
transformation of idioms? normal transformation and novel transformation and their identification
• 5. How to recognize transformed idioms? What is transformation of idioms? -- normal transformation and novel transformation and their identification
Features of Idioms
• single unit (整体性)、 institutionalization (凝固 性)、 irreplaceability (不可替代性)
• I. Structural features • Idioms are set phrases or accepted phrases, closely
• Why English is so rich in idioms? --- The most probable reason is that we develop new concepts, we need new expressions for them, but instead of creating a brand new word from the sounds of the language, we use some existent words and put them together in a new sense. ( DAI)
constructed: • make haste -- *make him haste • 1) Can not be broken up and put in two clauses, e.g.
Many idioms in it
• be a cool cat – to be a calm person • to blow one’s stack – to become mad • to fly off the handle – to become very angry • what’s more – besides • to get away with something – to do
• a phrase which means something different from the meaning of the separate words (LDOCE)
• the meaning of each idiom is an isolated fact which cannot be inferred from the meaning of the words of which the idiom is made up (Adam Makkai)
features • 3. Where do idioms come from? Their relations
with culture. Idioms and culture: • sources (I), sources (II) • 4. Structure of English idioms • 5. How to recognize transformed idioms? What is
ENGLISH IDIOM AND ITS CULTURE
英语习语与文化
Syllabus (topics for the semester)
• 1. Why do we need to know idioms? • 2. Features of English idioms -- definitions ;