Unit2西方文化导论

Interpretation of Cultural Terms
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Interpretation of Cultural Terms
the growth of literature. The Roman Empire subdued Spain, Gaul, etc. and annexed Egypt and most of Europe. He was viewed as a god in the hearts of the Romans as a result.
Main Ideas
Main Ideas
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The History of Ancient Rome
Origin: small village in central Italy
During 700 BC–800 BC, Seven Hill Ally took shape and cities and tribes came into being.
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
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Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
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Comprehension Exercises
(1) Ancient Roman culture is the culture from the formation of ____ to the end of the Roman Empire, which had lasted about 1200 years throughout.
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
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Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
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Punic Wars布匿战争: A series of wars between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC. The main cause is the conflict of interests between the Carthaginian Empire and the Roman Republic. There are three largest wars: First Punic War (264 BC– 241 BC), Second Punic War (218 BC–201 BC), Third Punic War (149 BC–146 BC). Eventually, after more than a hundred years, Rome conquered the Carthaginian Empire and became the most powerful state in the classical world.
Main Ideas
Main Ideas
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Three powerful rulers: L.Sulla Felix, the 1st Triumvirate, the 2nd Triumvirate
In 27 BC, Octavian called himself Augustus and built up a centralized Rome.
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
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Triumvirate 三头统治: A political group of three powerful persons in Rome. The First Triumvirate was an informal governing alliance composed of Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Pompey in the mid-1st century BC. The Second Triumvirate was a formal one consisting of Octavian, Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus.
A. Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, Sulla B. Pompey, Crassus, Cleopatra C. Pompey, Crassus, Julius Caesar D. Octavian, Brutus, Marius
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Comprehension Exercises
(3) ____was the first emperor in Roman Empire from 27 BC to 14 AD.
A. Caesar
B. Octavian
C. Remus
D. Pompey
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice. (4) The First Triumvirate consisted of ____.
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
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Comprehension Exercises
(5) Punic wars are a series of wars between Rome and ____.
A. Greek B. Sicily C. Spain D. Carthage
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Octavian屋大维：Octavian（Augustus） （63 BC –14 AD）was adopted by Julius Caesar in 44 BC. He was the first emperor in Roman Empire from 27 BC to 14 AD. In 40 BC，he was called Augustus by the Senate, who had power to rule Rome’s religious, civil and military affairs. He made great achievements in his ruling time: the long peace after civil war, the sound currency, the highway system, constructions of bridges and buildings,
Decline: In 33 AD, Roman Empire was divided into two parts.
End: In 476, West Rome was defeated by German troops and came to an end.
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Development: In 509 BC, Augustus built up
Roman Republic.
After three Punic wars, in the 4th century BC, a vast unified Roman Empire was established with territory stretching across three continents.
A. Octavian and Caesar B. Caesar and Remus C. Romulus and Remus D. Romulus and Octavian
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
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Comprehension Exercises
Think and Discuss
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Think andpowerful rulers, such as the fight in the first Triumvirate, and in the second Triumvirate, gave chance to get the supreme power to only one person instead of the people.
A. Roman Republic
B. Byzantium
C. Pax Romana
D. Seven Hill Ally
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
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Comprehension Exercises
(2) ____ were the twins, the founders of Rome in the history.
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
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Interpretation of Cultural Terms
by his brother who became the first king of Rome. Nowadays, Romulus is regarded as a mythological figure, whose name is the origin of Rome.
Think and Discuss
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Think and Discuss
Please give a brief introduction to the development of ancient Rome. Analyze the reasons that attributed the conversion of Roman Republic to Roman Empire.
Romulus and Remus 罗穆卢斯和瑞摩斯： Romulus (771 BC–717 BC) and Remus (771 BC–753 BC) were the twin brothers, who were said to be the founders of Rome. In Roman mythology, their parents were Mars and Rhea Silvia, the daughter of Latin King. The twins were ordered to be drowned by the new king who dethroned the Latin King. However, they were saved and raised by a she-wolf. When they grew up, the twins built their own city, but Remus was killed
Main Ideas
Main Ideas
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Roman society was divided into a number of social classes. There was a distinction made between citizens and noncitizens, patricians and plebeians, and patrons and clients. These social divisions determined rights and privileges in the Roman Republic.
Reasons: a. Roman rulership inherited largely from ancient Greece.
Under the Republic, senators were elected by the people to run the government. b. Territory expanse caused rich landowners and merchants to be able to buy up most of the country land, which led to instability of Roman military.