新目标英语初中被动语态讲解及练习

新目标英语初中被动语态讲解及练习

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一、动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。

二、被动语态的构成

基本结构是：“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”。

各种时态的主动语态和被动语态的相互变化关系见下表：

主动语态被动语态

一般现在时do/does am/is/are＋done

一般过去时did was/were＋done

含有情态动词can/may/must/need/should...＋do can/may/must/need/should...＋be＋done

三、主动语态变被动语态的方法

1．转换示意图：

2．主动语态变被动语态的步骤

①时态与原句保持一致。

②把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语(如果是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格)。

③把谓语变成被动结构“be＋过去分词”结构(要注意原句的时态和主语的单复数)。

④把主动语态中的主语改为by构成的介词短语，放在谓语动词之后(by短语有时可省略)。

如：We clean the classroom every day. 我们天天打扫教室。

→The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day. 教室天天(被我们)打扫。

We must send the girl to the hospital at once. 我们必须马上把这女孩送到医院。

→The girl must be sent to the hospital at once (by us). 这女孩必须马上(被我们)送到医院。

四、被动语态的用法

1．不知道谁是动作的执行者时。

如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道是谁偷的)

2．没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。

如：Books mustn’t be taken out of the library.书不准被带出图书馆。

3．强调或突出动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者时。

如：The boy was beaten by his father because of his bad grade. 因为成绩不好，这个男孩被他爸爸打了。4．当动作的执行者指“物”时，多用被动语态。

如：The window was broken by wind. 窗户被风刮坏了。

5．表示客观的说明，常用“It is＋过去分词＋that从句”句型。

如：It is said/believed/reported/known that... 据说/大家相信/据报道/众所周知……

6．文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态。

Teacher wanted.(招聘老师，省去了are) Road Blocked.(道路堵塞，省去了is)

五、在含有被动语态的句子中，需要注意的问题

1．牢记有些动词(如happen，take place，belong to，cost，fit，arrive at/in，take part in，die，come，go，fall ，sell, write等不及物动词)没有被动语态。

如：Great changes have taken place i n China in the past 30 years.

在过去30年里中国发生了巨大的变化。

2．系动词(如look，feel，sound，taste，become，turn，get，stay等)的主动形式表示被动意义。如：The food tastes delicious. 食物尝起来好吃。

3．使役动词和感官动词(如make，let，have，see，watch，hear，feel，notice等)后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时省略了“to”，但变为被动句时则要还原上“to”。如：

The boss made us work ten hours a day. →We were made to work ten hours a day (by the boss)．

4．带双宾语的动词(如give，pass，show，buy，borrow，make等)的被动语态，通常把间接宾语(人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(物)仍保留在谓语之后；有些则把指物的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而间接宾语(指人)则要在其前面加相应的介词to或for。如：

My mother gave me a book. →I was given a book (by my mother)．

→A book was given to me (by my mother)．

My mother bought me a book.→I was bought a book (by my mother)．

→A book was bought for me (by my mother)．

5．动词短语变为被动语态时，要把这些短语看成一个整体(相当于一个动词)，不能漏掉其中的介词或副词。如：

We should speak to old people politely.→Old people should be spoken to politely (by us)．

The nurses look after the patients well.→The patients are looked after well (by the nurses).

单项填空题

( )1. The trees must _____ three times a week.

A. water

B. is watering

C. be watered

D. waters

( )2. Mr. Chen has a loud voice. His voice can ____ clearly even in that big classroom.

A. hear

B. be heard

C. be hearing

D. have heard

( )3. Mr. Johnson’s story ____ by everyone in my hometown.

A. laughed at

B. was laughed

C. laughed

D. was laughed at ( )4. Another new library _____ last month in my hometown.

A. built

B. was built

C. has been built

D. is built

( )5. A strange thing _____ in our school yesterday.

A. was happened

B. has been happened

C. happened

D. was going to happen ( )6.The windows of our house _____once a week.

A. must clean

B. have cleaned

C. is cleaned

D. are cleaned ( )7. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ____ into the river.

A.needn’t be thrown

B. mustn’t be thrown

C. can’t throw

D. may not throw ( )8. You may go fishing if your work _______.

A. is done

B. will be done

C. has done

D. have done

( )9. ---I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhang’s home just now.

---Yes, she is often seen _____ the old man with his housework.

A. help

B. to help

C. helps

D. helped

( )10. We are glad that our classroom building ______soon.

A. will complete

B. will be completed

C. has completed

D. has been completed ( )11. Chinese _______by the largest number of people in the world.

A. is speaking

B. speak

C. speaks

D. is spoken