“主谓一致”高考考点解读

“主谓一致”高考考点解读

主谓一致是历年高考试题中的主要测试点之一，它主要以单项填空的形式来测试语法形式上一致的原则，意义上一致的原则，就近一致的原则，同时还涉及动词时态、语态和修饰等。由于汉语没有主谓一致问题，这是一个考生常出错的知识点。分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、主语从句等用作主语的主谓一致问题，仍将会是今后高考命题的热点。下面本人以历届主谓一致的高考题来解读其主要用法。

[考例1]（2006·江苏）A poet and artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

[答案与解析] A. 根据句中时间状语tomorrow afternoon可排除C、D两项。主语为a poet and artist意为“一位诗人兼艺术家”，系指同一个人。故谓语动词用单数.此题主语若改为A poet and an artist时，情况就发生了变化，意义为“一位诗人和一位艺术家”，系指两个人，是复数概念了。故后面的谓语动词就得用复数。

[小结]两个单数名词用and 并列表两个不同概念时，谓语动词用复数，表示同一概念或不可分割的整体时，谓语动词用单数。

[考例2] （2009·陕西）Dr. Smith，together with his wife and daughters，_____visit Beijing this summer.

A. is going to

B. are going to

C. was going to

D. were going to

[考例3]（2006·辽宁）The father as well as three children skating every Sunday afternoon in winter.

A. is going

B. go

C. goes

D. are going

[答案与解析] 考例2选A，考例3选C. 主语部分是由together with，as well as 并列的两个名词作主语，谓语动词的人称数与前面的主语Dr. Smith ，The father 保持一致，即用第三人称单数形式，由此排队B、D两项，再根据句中的时间状语确定分别用一般将来时和用一般现在时，所以分别选A和C项。句意分别为“史密斯先生和妻子女儿们今年夏季将去北京参观”及“父亲和三个孩子一样，冬天的每个周日下午去滑雪”。

[小结]当主语后面跟有in，out of；with；along with；together with；including；like；besides；except；but；apart from；rather than；in addition to，no less than，no more than，as well as 等后接名词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致，即“就远原则”。

[考例4]（2005·上海）All means ，but the problem remains unsolved.

A. has been tried

B. have been tried

C. are tried

D. have tried

[解析]B. means 以复数形式出现的一个特殊名词，当其被all ，several，many，等修饰词时，为复数概念，谓语动词用复数，当其被every，each等修饰时，为单数概念，谓语动词用单数。

[小结]当主语是sheep，population，deer，fish，crowd，Chinese，team，club，committee，company，majority，enemy，couple，family，Japanese，company，crowd，audience，means（方法），works（工厂、作品）等词时，谓语动词的单复数形式，应视其意义上是单数或复数来决定。

[考例5]（2004·天津）It is easy to do the repair. you need is a hammer and some nails.

A. Sometimes

B. All

C. Both

D. Everything

[答案与解析] B. 考查不定代词与主谓一致问题，All当其指人时的概念时，为复数，后接的谓语动词用复数，All 若指“物”时，则为单数的概念，后谓语动词用单数。All在此句中表“一切”或“所有的东西”的概念，A、D两项不合语境、故排除，C项与谓语动词is不一致。

[小结]代词what，which，who，none，some，any，more，most，all 等词做主语时，谓语动词单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。

[考例6]（2004·上海春）No one in the department but Tom and I that the director is going to resign .

A. knows

B. know

C. have known

D. am to know

[答案与解析] A。此句中的主语是no one ，而不是but 后的Tom and I .这是一道语法意义上的“就远原则”的题。No one作主语为单数概念，排除了B、C、D、三项，故选A。

[小结]由each、either、neither one；the other；another ；anyone；anybody；anything；everyone；everybody；everything ；someone；somebody；something；nobody；no one；nothing指代单数名词的不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。[考例7] （2009·山东）The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _____rising steadily since 1990.

A. is

B. are

C. has been

D. have been