Lecture 8 Sequential LogicPPT课件

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chapter5 sequential logic circuitsPPT课件

=1
┌ 1J
=1
X
Z 1
CP
Solution: it is the synchronous sequential logical circuit, its clock equation isn’t needed to write out.
(1) Write out its output equation: Z(XQ1n)Q0n
…
Z1 output Zj signal
Flip-flop Output signal
…
Q1 Flip-flop circuit
…
D1
Flip-flop
Input signal
Qm
Dm
CP
5.2 The analysis method of sequential circuit
Ⅰ.The universal steps of analysising sequential circuit 1.Wirte out the following equations according to logical map
1．The characteristics of sequential logical circuit (1) memory unit (flip-flops used usually) (2)feedback parts
input X1 signal Xi
…
Combinational circuit
① When X=0, we can simplify the flip-flops’ next state
equation as
Qn1 0
Q1nQ0n
Qn1 1
Q0nQ1n

Logic课件.ppt

Soundness of modus ponens
A
True True False False
B
True False True False
A→B
True False True True
OK?

Soundness of the resolution inference rule
Proving Things
• A valid sentence or tautology is a sentence that is True under all interpretations, no matter what the world is actually like or what the semantics is. Example: “It’s raining or it’s not raining.”
• P entails Q, written P |= Q, means that whenever P is True, so is Q. In other words, all models of P are also models of Q.
Truth tables

A bit more about =>
Connectives: and

or

not

implies
equivalent
(X (Y Z)) ((X Y) (X Z)) “X implies Y and Z is the same as X implies Y and X implies Z”
Propositional Logic
• Propositional Logic is declarative, pieces of syntax correspond to facts

logicppt第二章概念要明确

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二、概念的种类
3.正概念与负概念 •正概念：又称肯定概念，是反映对象
具有某种属性的概念。
•负概念：又称否定概念，是反映对象
不具有某种属性的概念。语言形式是在正概念前加否定词。
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思考：
非洲不管部部长非无产阶级思想不正当行为非常时期
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三、概念间的关系
相容关系（外延重合）
例如：商品、艺术家。
定义
Ds 是 Dp
被定义项定义联项定义项
Ds
“是”
Dp
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常用方法：
公式表示为：三步骤：
被定义概念＝属概念＋种差
找出被定义项的邻近的属概念
类型：
找出种差，也就是找出它的特有属性
用“DS是DP” 形式表示
性质定义发生定义关系定义
功用定义
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5.划分
划分就是通过把一个属概念分为若干种概念，从而明确概念外延的逻辑方法。
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非集合概念：不反映事物集合体的概念。
我们班的同学来自全国各地。
我们班的同学都是中国人。
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案例：客人的反驳
前不久，有客人来杭旅游。主人对客人介绍说： “杭州的最大特色是秀气。山秀水秀人亦秀。”
客人反驳道：“那不见得，我看有些杭州人并不秀。”
你认为客人的反驳能成立吗？请说明你的理由。
纪律的提法是这样的：“不拿工人农民一点东西。”后来修改为“不拿群众一针一线”。另外一条纪律是：“打土豪要归公。”后来改为“筹款要归公”，后来又进一步改为“一切缴获要归公”。
文字的逻辑推敲对我们文件编写的启发？
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4.定义
定义是揭示概念内涵的逻辑方法。为了与语词定义相区别，人们也把这种定义叫做真实定义。

英语词汇学教程课件第8章English Lexicology 8上

English Lexicology
Lecture Eight
Idioms, Multiword Verbs and Proverbs
Idioms, multiword verbs and proverbs constitute an important part of the English language. They are very common in spoken and written English. The general tendency of present-day English is towards more idiomatic usage.
noun and noun (e.g. bread and butter, part and parcel),
noun + prepositional phrase (e.g. a snake in the grass, a bull in a china shop),
as + as construction (e.g. as clear as crystal, as like as two peas),
Nautical life and military life are the source of when one's ship comes home, to be in the same boat as someone, to be in deep waters, to sail under false colors, to cross swords with someone, to fight a pitched battle, to fight a losing/winning battle.

自然演绎逻辑导论PPT资料优秀版

含有联结词“”“”“”。如果SL中含有联结词的K或少于K个出现的每一命题P满足元命题，那么SL中含有联结词的K＋1个出现的每一命题P也满足元命题。
根据归纳假设，Q和R满足元命题。证明奠基命题：SL的每一个只含联结词的0个出现的命题只有命题常项，而命题常项的左括号和右括号的数目都为0，故满足元命题。 5：如果命题集Γ是SC不一致的，那么，至少有一Γ的有限子集是SC不一致的。语法只涉及符号语言的纯粹形式，而不涉及它的内容； §8∶2·2 一些语法元定理及其证明 1：如果Γ⊨ P，那么，在SC中Γ⊢ P 3：SL的一个命题P是偶然式，当且仅当，｛P｝和｛ P｝都是真值函项地一致的。
：对于SL的一个命题集Γ和一个命题P，如果 Γ{P }是真值函项地不一致的，那么Γ⊨ P。
元定理8.3.7：SL的一个命题P是重言式，当且仅当， ⊨ P。
第四节数学归纳法
§8∶4·1 什么是数学归纳法数学归纳法的基本原理是：为证明某一定理对
于某一领域的所有对象都成立，把该类对象以某种方式进行排序，然后分两步进行证明：一、证明定理对该序列的第一项成立；二、证明如果定理对第K项成立，那么它对K＋1项也成立。
（一致性引理）：每一个SC最大一致性集合都是真值函项地一致的。
元定理8.7.6：如果在SC中Γ⊢ P并且Γ*是Γ的最大一致性母集，那么P是Γ*的成员。
自然演绎系统SC对于基于真值函项的命题逻辑来说是完全恰当的。
定义：SL的一个命题集Γ重言蕴涵一个命题P，当且仅当，没有一个真值指派使得，Γ的每一成员为真而P为假。
重言有效也叫做“真值函项地有效”。
§8∶3·2 一些语义元定理及其证明
元定理8.3.1：SL的一个命题P是矛盾式，当且仅当，｛P｝是真值函项地不一致的。

lect8_华科并行编程课件

What if consumer was much slower than producer?
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Buffered Blocking Message Passing Operations
Deadlocks are still possible with buffering since receive operations block
receive
? This class of non-blocking protocols returns from the send or
receive operation before it is semantically safe to do so
? Non-blocking operations are generally accompanied by a
check-status operation
? When used correctly, these primitives are capable of
overlapping communication overheads with useful computations
? Message passing libraries typically provide both blocking and non-blocking primitives
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Non-Blocking Message Passing Operations
Non-blocking non-buffered send and receive operations (a) in absence of communication hardware (b) in presence of communication hardware

人教课标版高中英语选修8unit1 predicative clause (共24张ppt)

2020/5/21
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ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
My life is _t_ha_t__ I must work hard and graduate from university. 填出关系词
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When Kevin studies in university , he has new concerns.
填出关系词
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Before Kevin went to school, he had some problems.
1.I have no friends in my new school. 2.How can I get used to the new environment?
His problems were __t_h__a__t__h__e___h__a__d____n__o___f_r_i_e__n___d__s___i_n___m___y___n__e__w____s__c__h__o__o__l__a__n__d_________ __h__o__w____h__e___c__o__u__l_d___g__e__t___u__s__e__d___t_o___t_h___e__n___e__w___e__n___v_ironment.
Can I graduate from the university smoothly and find a
good job?
His concern is __w__h___e__t_h__e__r__h__e___c__a__n___g___r_a__d__u__a__t_e___f__r_o__m____t__h__e___u__n__i_v__e__r_s__i_t_y_________ __s__m___o__o__t_h__l_y___a__n___d___f_i_n__d___a___g__o__o___d___j_o__b___._____________

逻辑智能体分析幻灯片PPT

that is based on semantics
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Models
• Logicians typically think in terms of models, which are formally structured worlds with respect to which truth can be evaluated
–
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Entailment in the wumpus world
Situation after detecting nothing in [1,1], moving right, breeze in [2,1]
Consider possible models for KB
assuming only pits
•
– x+2 ≥ y is a sentence; x2+y > {} is not a sentence
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–
Entailment
• Entailment means that one thing follows from another: •
KB ╞ α
• Knowledge base KB entails sentence α if and only if α is true in all worlds where KB is true
– E.g., the KB containing “the Giants won” and “the Reds won” entails “Either the Giants won or the Reds won”
–
– E.g., x+y = 4 entails 4 = x+y

Lecture 8 Sequential Logic

T
Implement JK Flip-flop by D Flip-flop
Q JK 00 01 11 10 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 JK 00 01 11 10 Q 0 0 1 1 0 1
D
1 0 0 1 0 1
Q+
0 1
D = J Q’ + K’ Q
J D
Q
K Q’
Implement JK Flip-flop by T Flip-flop
• State diagram has same situation as state table. Their conditions should be mutually exclusive, no input values should meet the condition of more than one arc.
Turn off alarm No Yes yes No No No
State Diagram for The Alarm Clock (b)
Alarm / 1
Alarm’ / 0
Asleep
Awake in bed
Alarm / 1
Alarm’ /\ Weekday / 0 Alarm’ /\ Weekday’ / 0 Awake and up
The alarm clock problem with inaction states
Present state Asleep Asleep Awake in bed Awake in bed Awake in bed Awake and up Alarm Off On On Off Off X Weekday X X X Yes No X Next state Asleep Awake in bed Awake in bed Awake and up Asleep Awake and up

Lecture 8

• Marketing tool to win clients, who are based predominantly in US and Europe • Clients using Indian service providers should have certain key processes in place:
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50
Largest observed value that is not an outlier
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Recommended time between appraisals (18-30 mos)
23 25
22 17
75th percentile Median (50th percentile) 25th percentile Smallest observed value that is not an outlier
CMM Issues in the Real-World
• “Level envy” • Areas not addressed
– – – – – – Business strategy and linkage to IT Operations, help desk, support Management of the IT human resource Application portfolio Tools Risk
IT specific models
• ISO 15504 • ISO 9000-3 • TickIT
General models
• Total Quality Management (TQM) • Six Sigma
Software Process Improvement Models

乐学英语演讲教学课件Unit 8

《乐学英语演讲教程》
Unit 8 Delivery Skills
1 Vocal skills 言语表达技巧
• Volume 音量 • Articulation 发音 • Pitch 音调 • Rate 语速 • Pause 停顿
2 Non-vocal skills 非言语表达技巧
• Eye contact 眼神交流 • Facial expression 面部表情 • Body language 肢体语言 • Appearance 形象 • Microphone 麦克风
• To pitch up or down so as to improve the effectiveness of speaking
《乐学英语演讲教程》
Unit 8 Delivery Skills
Vocal skills
4）Rate 语速
• Different rate for different audience:
• Stiff body position gives off lifelessness and fatigue
• Leaning in for tall speakers or standing among the audience for speakers not tall enough while delivery
《乐学英语演讲教程》
Unit 8 Delivery Skills
Non-vocal skills
3）Body Language 肢体语言
• Appropriate gestures are helpful in gaining speaking effectiveness
• Inappropriate gestures decrease reliability and validity

Lecture-8-Lexicon-(3)

Note that syntactic changes are discussed here mainly because it involves morphological features.
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Examples
I wouldna done that if I were you. (= would not have)
shameful thing)
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3.3.3 Semantic change
Semantic change has to do with the change of meaning in words, mainly involving broadening, narrowing and meaning shift. Class shift is primarily a syntactic notion, and folk etymology refers to incorrect application of a morphological rule.
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3.3.1 Lexical change proper
(1) Invention (2) Blending (3) Abbreviation (4) Acronym (5) Back-formation (6) Analogical creation (7) Borrowing
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Examples
• Lesus Jesus • Sate sat • Sunne sun •VU •UV
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Change of sounds
Old English mus /mu:s/ hus /hu:s/ ut /u:t/ sup /su:t/

高一英语选修8全册课件4-3

人教版英语
Unit 4 Pygmalion2 Nhomakorabea时间状语
①Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 当被问及为何要做这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。 ②Approached in the dark the bulbs looked lonely and purposeless. 在黑暗走进时，那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。
人教版英语
Unit 4 Pygmalion
4)方式或伴随状语
①Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully. 那位教授在学生们的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。 ②He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。
Unit 4 Pygmalion
①The signal given, the bus started.
信号一发出，汽车就开动了。 ②The football match(being) over, crowds of people poured out into the street. 足球赛一结束，人群便涌到大街上。 6)不定式与分词担任状语的差异： 1)不定式在句中可以担任目的状语，结果状语(出乎意料的结果)以及原因状语(通常后置)。
人教版英语
Unit 4 Pygmalion
Ⅱ.与状语从句的相互转换
1)过去分词短语作时间状语，可转换为when, while或 after等引导的状语从句。 Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. →When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. 从山上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。

8 - Sequential Circuits HKUST

Register
Also: tcdreg + tcdlogic > thold tcd: contamination t i ti delay = minimum delay
Combinational Logic g tp_comb
D
Q CLK
Combinational l i logic
Register
EE141
OUTPUT STABLE
t
VOLKAN KURSUN

Although g seems to have three stable p points C is stable only in a noise-free ideal universe On real silicon, due to inevitable existence of noise, C is actually a metastable t t bl point i t Vi 1 V o1 = V i 2 V o2 Only two stable points: A and B (Bi-stable)
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Characterizing Timing
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Out
tData-to-Q
D Q
D
Q
clk lk I In Out Outt O Ot Out stable follows In
Register
Clk
Latch
Clk
tClock-to-Q
VOLKAN KURSUN EESM 501
EE141
tClock-to-Q
3
Static versus Dynamic Memory
1) Static memory preserves the state as long as power is applied to the circuit