汽车专业英语第五章第二节
汽车专业英语第五章
燃油喷射系统燃料喷射系统的车辆上已使用了许多年。
最早的是纯粹的机械。
随着技术的进步，电子燃油喷射系统变得越来越受欢迎。
早期的机械和电控燃油喷射系统不使用反馈控制。
由于排放量成为更多的关注，反馈控制进行了调整，这两种类型的燃油喷射系统。
机械和电子燃油喷射系统，可以发现汽油发动机，柴油发动机是最常见的机械式系统，尽管这些发动机的新一代已经使用电子燃油喷射（EFI.)基本理论EFI使用米燃油输送称为喷油器电磁阀。
今天，大多数车辆使用1缸的喷油器。
当电磁线圈通电时，燃料喷雾到阀口。
由电动泵在约40 psi的高压燃料被输送到喷射器。
燃料输送控制由喷射器是由计算机循环。
计算机产生信号，以打开喷射器用于在一定的时间长度，根据通过传感器传递的发动机状况。
喷射器是打开的时间越长，喷射燃料。
随着发动机负荷和转速的增加，喷油器开启时间的增加，增加气流相匹配。
这台计算机的输出信号被称为喷射器脉冲宽度。
的脉冲宽度的时间越长，喷射燃料。
引擎需求标准火花点火式，4冲程发动机的需要，按照适当的比例混合燃料与进入的空气的高效率运作。
这一比例是13份的范围内的空气中，以1份燃料最佳的电源，15为1为最佳排放量和17〜1最佳经济。
大多数现代发动机旨在为约1,470至1比少将ority巡航和中等功率条件。
这是化学上的正确率，这导致最低的平均排放量和合理的功率。
丰富条件的特点是过量的燃料，精益条件的特点是空气过量或缺乏燃料。
随着转速的增加，在一定程度上，气流也增加和燃油流量必须增加，以配合它。
随着节气门开于一个给定的转速，气流增大到目标点，并再次，燃料流必须遵循气流。
燃油系统电喷燃油系统包括油箱，油泵，油轨，稳压器，喷油器和返回线。
来自燃料罐由泵压力40磅左右。
燃料压力控制由所述燃料压力调节器，燃油轨的一端位于出血回到油箱的燃料通过返回线路。
泵始终把过量的燃料，以便大量返回到坦克在怠速和低转速条件下，发动机需求的增加。
燃油轨本质上是一个管状燃料歧管设计进行燃料喷射器和进气歧管上，举行的地方。
汽车专业英语教程教案
Dialogue 2 对话2
A：You could save a lot if you would order a little mole
A：如果你多定一点可以省不少的钱。 B：How could we do that? B：怎么说呢? A：We offer a discount for large orders． A：我们对大量订购有折扣。 B：Let me take another look at our requirements． B：那我得看看我们的需要量了。
NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS：
NOTES：
Lesson Two Negotiation of Price 第二课 价格讨论
Dialogue 1 对话1 Dialogue 2 对话2 Dialogue 3 对话3 Dialogue 4 对话4 NEW WORDS AND 看上去不错。但是我想多了解一些它的特性。 A：It’s auto transmission and 4 wheel drive with power brakes．Let me tell you more specification．The Mileage is 14415．The engine，4.2 Liter V6．The price is ＄27299.00．I think it’s quite a good car． A：这辆车带有动力制动器的自动变速器和四轮驱动。让我告诉 你更多它的特性：这辆车行驶了14415英里，4.2Ｌ V6发动机，售价 是27299美元。我觉得这是一辆很好的车。
Dialogue 3 对话3
A：We can offer a 10％discount for orders over 10 000 pieces．
Unit 05 Car Suspension 汽车专业英语教学课件
Unit 5 Car Suspension
Dampers: Struts and Anti-sway Bars
Another common dampening structure is the strut— basically a shock absorber mounted inside a coil spring. Struts perform two jobs: they provide a dampening function like shock absorbers, and they provide structural support for the vehicle suspension.
Unit 5 Car Suspension
The other end is attached to a wishbone, which acts like a lever that moves perpendicular to the torsion bar. When the wheel hits a bump, vertical motion is transferred to the wishbone and then, through the levering action, to the torsion bar. The torsion bar then twists along its axis to provide the spring force.
Unit 5 Car Suspension
Springs: Sprung and Unsprung Mass
The sprung mass is the mass of the vehicle supported on the springs, while the unsprung mass is loosely defined as the mass between the road and the suspension springs[2]. The stiffness of the springs affects how the sprung mass responds while the car is being driven.
汽车专业英语
汽车automobile拖拉机tractor铁路机车locomotive有轨电车tram无轨电车trolley军用车辆military vehicle蒸汽机steam engine煤气机gas engine汽油机gasoline engine国民经济national economy国内生产总值(GDP) Gross Domestic Production 全拆散(CKD) Completely Knock Down半拆散(SKD) Semi-Knock Down改革开放reform and opening技术引进technical import国产化localization支柱产业pillar estate轿车car客车bus, coach货车truck, lorry公路用车road vehicle非公路用车off-road vehicle发动机engine机体engine body曲柄连杆机构crank-connecting rod mechanism 配气机构valve timing mechanism供给系fuel supply system冷却系cooling system润滑系lubricating system点火系ignition system起动系starting system底盘chassis传动系power train离合器clutch变速器gear box传动轴propeller shaft驱动桥drive axle行驶系running gear车架frame悬架suspension前轴front axle桥壳axle housing车轮wheel转向系steering system转向盘steering wheel转向器steering gear转向传动装置steering linkage助力装置power assisting device制动系braking system控制装置control device供能装置power supply device传动装置transfer device制动器brake车身body车前板制件front end panels车身壳体body shell车门door车窗window附属装置auxiliary device货箱carrying platform发动机前置后轮驱动(FR) front engine rear drive发动机前置前轮驱动(FF) front engine front drive发动机后置后轮驱动(RR) rear engine rear drive发动机中置后轮驱动(MR) midship engine rear drive 全轮驱动(nWD) all wheel drive驱动力tractive force阻力resistance滚动阻力rolling resistance空气阻力air resistance, drag上坡阻力gradient resistance附着作用adhesion附着力adhesive force附着系数coefficient of adhesion第一章发动机工作原理二冲程发动机two stroke engine四冲程发动机four stroke engine水冷发动机water cooled engine风冷发动机air cooled engine上止点(UDP) upper dead point下止点(LDP) lower dead point活塞行程stroke汽缸直径bore工作容积working volume排量swept volume, displacement进气行程intake stroke压缩行程compression stroke压缩比compression ratio做功行程working stroke爆燃，敲缸detonation, knock 排气行程exhaust stroke示功图indicating diagram汽缸体cylinder block汽缸盖cylinder head油底壳oil sump活塞piston连杆connecting rod曲轴crankshaft飞轮flywheel进气门intake valve排气门exhaust valve挺柱tappet推杆push rod摇臂rocker凸轮轴camshaft正时齿轮timing gear燃油箱fuel tank燃油泵fuel pump汽油滤清器gasoline filter化油器carburetor空气滤清器air cleaner进气管intake manifold排气管exhaust manifold火花塞spark plug点火线圈ignition coil断电器breaker蓄电池storage battery发电机generator水泵water pump散热器radiator风扇fan放水阀drain valve水套water jacket分水管distributive pipe机油泵oil pump集滤器suction filter限压阀relief valve润滑油道oil passage机油滤清器oil filter机油冷却器oil cooler起动机starting motor有效功率effective power有效转矩effective torque燃油消耗率specific fuel consumption发动机转速特性engine speed characteristic节气门开度throttle percentage部分特性partial characteristic外特性outer characteristic第二章曲柄连杆机构汽缸套cylinder sleeve, cylinder liner发动机支承engine mounting活塞顶piston top活塞头部piston head活塞裙piston skirt开槽slot活塞环piston ring气环compression ring油环oil ring环槽groove活塞销piston pin主轴承main bearing主轴承盖main bearing cap主轴瓦main shell连杆轴承big end bearing连杆盖big end cap起动爪cranking claw带轮pulley平衡重counter weight发火顺序firing order扭振减振器torsional vibration damper第三章配气机构顶置气门(OHV) Over Head Valve顶置凸轮轴(OHC) Over Head Camshaft单顶置凸轮轴(SOHC) Single Over Head Camshaft 双顶置凸轮轴(DOHC) Dual Over Head Camshaft 多气门发动机multi-valve engine气门间隙valve clearance配气相位timing phase气门杆valve stem气门座valve seat气门导管valve guide气门弹簧valve spring第四章汽油机供给系可燃混合气combustion mixture消声器silencer, muffler汽油gasoline, petrol分馏distil蒸发性evaporating property热值heat value抗爆性anti-knock property辛烷值(RON) Research Octane Number 过量空气系数coefficient of excessive air 理论混合气theoretical mixture稀混合气thin mixture浓混合气thick mixture主供油系统main supply system怠速系统idle system加浓系统thickening system加速系统accelerating system浮子float浮子室float chamber针阀needle valve量孔metering jet阻风门choke滤芯filter cartridge沉淀杯sediment cup泵膜pump diaphragm油浴式oil bath type石棉垫a**estos pad预热pre-heating汽油直接喷射gasoline direct injection 电控electronic control多点喷射muti-point injection单点喷射single point injection电路控制circuit control分电器信号distributor signal空气流量信号airflow signal冷却水温信号water temperature signal 第五章柴油机供给系输油泵transfer pump喷油泵fuel injection pump高压油管high pressure fuel pipe发火性ignition property黏度viscosity凝点condensing point备燃期pri-combustion period速燃期rapid combustion period缓燃期slow combustion period燃烧室combustion chamber统一燃烧室united chamber球形燃烧室ball shape chamber涡流室turbulence chamber预燃室pri-combustion chamber喷油器injector精密偶件precise couple柱塞plunger出油阀delivery valve调速器governor两速调速器two speed governor全速调速器full speed governor定速调速器fixed speed governor综合调速器combined governor气动调速器pneumatic governor机械离心式调速器mechanical centrifugal governor 复合式调速器complex governor喷油提前角调节装置advancer飞块flyweight联轴节coupling粗滤清器primary filter细滤清器secondary filter涡轮增压器turbocharger中间冷却器intermediate cooler第七章冷却系节温器thermostat防冻液anti-freezing liquid补偿水桶compensation reservoirV-带V belt百叶窗shutter大循环big circulation小循环small circulation散热翅片fins第八章润滑系润滑剂lubricant压力润滑pressure lubrication飞溅润滑splash lubrication润滑脂grease机油压力传感器oil pressure sensor油封oil seal旁通阀bypass valve机油散热器oil cooler机油尺dip stick加机油口oil filler曲轴箱通风crankcase ventilation第九章点火系一次绕组primary winding二次绕组secondary winding热敏电阻heat sensitive resistance点火提前ignition advance分电器distributor活动触点moving contact固定触点fixed contact分火头distributor rotor arm电容器condenser点火提前装置ignition advancer离心式点火提前装置centrifugal ignition advancer 真空式点火提前装置vacuum ignition advancer辛烷值校正器octane number rectifier中心电极central electrode侧电极side electrode瓷绝缘体ceramic insulator跳火间隙spark gap半导体点火系semi-conductor ignition system晶体管transistor二极管diode三极管triode无触点点火系non-contact ignition system霍尔效应Hall effect正极板anode负极板cathode隔板separator电解液electrolyte蓄电池格battery cell接线柱terminal电缆cable硅整流交流发电机silicon rectified A.C. motor转子rotor定子stator电刷brush风扇叶轮fan blade电压调节器voltage regulator第十章起动系手摇起动cranking电热塞electric heater plug串激直流发电机serial wound D.C. motor起动齿圈starter ring电磁操纵机构electro-magnetic control第十一章新型发动机三角活塞triangular piston转子发动机rotary engine自转rotary motion, rotation公转orbit motion轨迹trajectory齿轮gear齿圈ring gear往复零件reciprocal parts动平衡dynamic balance燃气涡轮发动机gas turbine第十二章汽车传动系机械式传动系mechanical transmission液力机械式传动系hydro-mechanical transmission静液式传动系static-hydraulic transmission电力式传动系electrical transmission自动式传动系automatic transmission减速reduction可变速比variable ratios有级变速definite ratios无级变速indefinite ratios无级变速器(CVT) Continuously Variable Transmission 一般布置general layout发动机横置lateral engine positioning分动器transfer case, transfer box第十三章离合器接合柔和smooth engagement分离彻底thorough separation过载overload摩擦表面friction surface摩擦衬片friction liner毂hub主动部分driving part从动部分driven part花键spline压盘pressure plate离合器盖cover plate分离杠杆release lever分离套筒release sleeve分离轴承release bearing主缸master cylinder工作缸working cylinder分离叉release fork间隙调整clearance adjustment打滑slip踏板pedal踏板自由行程pedal free stroke踏板工作行程pedal working stroke铆钉，铆接rivet双片离合器dual disc clutch中央弹簧离合器central spring clutch膜片弹簧离合器diaphragm spring clutch 非线性non-linear第十四章变速器与分动器输入轴（第一轴）input shaft, drive shaft 输出轴（第二轴）output shaft, main shaft 中间轴counter shaft倒挡轴reverse gear shaft常啮合constant mesh低速挡low gear高速挡high gear最高速挡top gear空挡neutral gear一挡the first gear二挡the second gear三挡the third gear倒挡reverse gear直接挡direct gear超速挡overdrive动力输出power take-off换挡shift啮合套sliding sleeve同步器synchronizer同步锥面synchro cone变速杆shifting lever手柄handle球铰链ball joint换挡拨叉shifting fork自锁self-lock互锁inter-lock变速驱动桥transaxle加力挡low gear第十五章液力机械传动液力偶合器hydraulic coupling泵轮impeller涡轮turbine叶片blade液力变矩器torque converter导轮stator行星齿轮系planetary gear system太阳轮sun gear行星轮planet pinion行星架planet carrier齿圈ring gear第十六章传动轴万向节universal joint, U-joint十字轴式万向节Cardan type U-joint叉子yoke, fork十字轴spider, center cross滚针轴承needle bearing滑脂嘴（油嘴）lubricating fitting, nipple等角速constant angular velocity双联式万向节dual Cardan type U-joint球叉式万向节Weiss type U-joint球笼式万向节Rzeppa type U-joint星形套inner race housing球形壳outer race shell保持架，球笼retainer, ball cage挠性万向节flexible U-joint无缝钢管seamless steel tube第十七章驱动桥主减速器final drive主动（小）齿轮drive pinion从动（大）齿轮ring gear伞齿轮bevel gear双曲面齿轮hypoid gear单级减速single reduction双级减速double reduction贯通式主减速器penetrable final drive双速主减速器double gear (speed) final drive轮边减速器wheel reduction差速器differential半轴齿轮differential side gear差速锁differential lock轴间差速器inter-axle differential lock托森差速器torque sensitive differential本文来自: 中国汽车工程师之家( ) 详细出处：/thread-50127-1-1.html11。
汽车专业英语第五章
多数汽车的转向系基本上是一样的。转向系 的核心是转向器，一般位于发动机附近。一 根轴从转向器后部伸出，连接着转向柱。方 向盘在转向柱的顶端。另一根轴从转向器低 端伸出，连接着转向臂、转向拉杆和转向杆 系，这些部件总称为转向传动机构，连接转 向器和车轮上的部件。车轮和轮胎安装在转 向节上。如图5-1所示，转向节的上下端可自 由转动，这样车轮可从一侧转到另一侧。
为减少轮胎的磨损，前轮应该从前 进方向转到和瞬时转动中心到车轮 中心的连线成90º 角的位置，这表 明内侧车轮比外侧车轮转过的角度 要大。
It is obtained by making the track rod a different length to the distance between the king pins (or wheel swivel axis centers). The track rod length is set so that its connection to the track arm falls on an imaginary line taken from the king pin to a point on the vehicle center line just in front of the rear axle.
转向系看起来复杂，工作原理却很简单。汽车 直行时，转向器处于中间位置，转向传动机构 也处于中间位置，车轮直行。驾驶员转动方向 盘，转向轴旋转，转向器向同侧转动，同时转 向器底部的输出轴也会旋转。输出轴转动时， 会向一侧拉动拉杆，使得转向节绕其支点旋转 。这样，转向节、转向节轴端、车轮和轮胎都 会向一侧旋转，汽车实现转向。
recirculation ball
Most heavy commercial vehicles use the recirculation ball type of steering gear. This steering gear is durable, with good steering response and good road feel for the driver.
汽车专业英语unit 5 Automobile Structure
four
body
chassis
electrical system
Listening and Speaking
2.Listen again and match. A B 1.auto body a) make the car look beautiful 2. chassis b)make the car run 3 engine c)help the car run steadily 4.electrical system d)provide good lighting and driving power
Contents
1
Warming up
2
Listening and Speaking
3
RБайду номын сангаасlaxing
4
Words and expressions
Warming up
Listen and Match
1.automobile body 2. chassis 3. engine 4. electrical system
Each automobile is made up of ______ parts. The _____ makes the car look beautiful; the __________ makes the car run; the __________ helps the car run steadily; the ______________ provides good lighting and driving power.
Listening and Speaking
3. Pair work. You can make up the dialogues with the auto parts and their functions. A: What’s this? B: It’s the auto body. A: What does it do? B:It makes the car look beautiful.
汽车专业英语unit5
5.5 Electronic control system (电子控制系统)
ABS & EBD System (防抱死制动系统和电子制动力分配系统)
ECT System (电子控制变速系统)
a) ECM and Switch (电子控制模块及开关)
b) Sensor and valve (传感器及电磁阀)
Figure 5-4 Instrument Panel (汽车仪表)
5.2 Instrument panel (汽车仪表)
11. Passenger’s supplemental air bag 乘客安全气囊 12. Control panel display 控制面板 13. Side ventilator 侧向出风口 14. Engine oil pressure gauge 机油油压表 15. g(gravity)force gauge 加速度 计 16. Hazard warning flasher switch 危险警告灯开关
主讲：郝华杰
广东轻工职业技术学院
Part 1 Automotive Basics 第1部分 汽车基础
Unit 5 Electrical Equipment and Electronic control system Equipment for Engine (发动机电器系统)
5.2 Instrument panel (汽车仪表)
1. Headlight/fog light /turn signal switch; Manual shift paddles 前大灯/雾灯/ 转向灯开关 2. Steering wheel switch for audio control and Bluetooth Hands-Free Phone System 方向盘音频控 制开关 3. Driver’s supplemental air bag/Horn 驾驶员安全 气囊/喇叭
汽车专业英语Unit 5 PPT
summarize[ˈsʌməraɪz] vt. 总结，概述;
categorize [ˈkætəgəraɪz]把…归类Phrase learning （短语学习）
PART TWO-STUDY PREPARATION（学习准备）
2.Proper Names(专有名词)
FUSE
保险丝或精熔断器；
PART THREE-TEXT(阅读资料)
5）Electronic control system: it mainly refers to the computer-controlled apparatus, comprising of an electronic ignition control device, electronically controlled fuel injection device, the electronic control anti-lock brakes, electronically controlled automatic transmission, etc, which are respectively used to improve vehicle’s dynamic quality, economical efficiency, security, handle the exhaust purification, automation and so on.
PART TWO-STUDY PREPARATION（学习准备）
1.New Words to learn（单词学习）
Battery [ˈbætəri] n.电池
generator [ˈdʒenə ˌ reitə] n. 发电机
horn
[hɔ:n] n.喇叭
汽车专业英语Unit 5
丰田 丰田公司早期以制造纺织机械 为主，创始人丰田喜一郎1933 年在纺织机械制作所设立汽车 部，从而开始了丰田汽车公司 制造汽车的历史。1935年，丰 田AI型汽车试制成功，第二年 即正式成立汽车工业公司。它 们通过引进欧美技术，在美国 的汽车技术专家和管理专家的 指导下，很快掌握了先进的汽 车生产和管理技术，并根据日 本民族的特点，创造了著名的 丰田生产管理模式。主要品牌 丰田皇冠、光冠、花冠克雷西 达、雷克萨斯（凌志）
3435标志中舞动的大蛇沿用的是中世纪时米兰的领主维斯康泰公爵的家徽同时这个标志也是米兰市的市徽十字代表着十字军从米兰向外远征的故事赋予汽车浪漫与趣味
Auto Practical English
汽车实用英语
ShanDong Transport Vocational College Taishan Campus
福特 福特汽车公司由亨利· 福特先生创立于1903年， 是世界上最大的汽车企业之一。1908年，福特汽 车公司生产出世界上第一辆属于普通百姓的汽 车—T型车，世界汽车工业革命就此开始。福特 先生为此被尊为“为世界装上轮子”的人。亨 利· 福特先生成功的秘诀只有一个：尽力了解人们 内心的需求，用最好的材料，由最好的员工，为 大众制造人人都买得起的好车。主要品牌阿斯 顿· 马丁、福特、捷豹、路虎、林肯、马自达、水 星和Volvo。
windshield wiper controls雨刮控制器 turn singal lever 转向操纵杆 steering column 转向柱 break pedal 刹车踏板 Stamp on the pedal 踩踏板 accelerator pedal 油门踏板 gas pedal He pressed down the accelerator pedal of his car. 他踩下汽车的加速器（油门）踏板。
汽车专业英语第五章
第十七页，编辑于星期六：十点 四十分。
在循环球式转向器中，转向螺杆是输入轴。这 样转向螺杆连接着转向柱，修理工就可独立拆 卸转向器或转向柱。齿扇轴（也叫摇臂轴）相 当于转向器的输出轴．转向器的主要部件是钢 球，转向螺母和转向螺母上的齿．
第十八页，编辑于星期六：十点 四十分。
As the wormshaft turns, the balls move the ball nut up and down along the wormshaft. This turns the sector shaft, since the sector
第七页，编辑于星期六：十点 四十分。
为减少轮胎的磨损，前轮应该从前进 方向转到和瞬时转动中心到车轮中心
汽车专业英语(黄立新)第二部分5章-PPT文档资料
译文及评析
Main bearings and rod bearings are lubricated adequately to achieve their desired objectives. In the rotor type oil pump, the inner rotor is driven and drives the outer rotor. As the rotor revolves, the gaps between the lobes are filled with oil. When the lobes of the inner rotor move into the gaps in the outer rotor, oil is forced out through the outlet of pump. An oil pump can also be driven by a camshaft gear that drives the ignition distributor or by the crankshaft.
译文及评析
Oil Pan: Oil also flows to the cylinder head through drilled passages that make up the oil gallery, lubricates camshaft bearings and valves, and then returns to oil pan. Some engines have grooves or holes in connecting rods, which provide extra lubrication to pistons and walls of cylinders.
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• 车轮前束指定了不平行前轮前边缘 比后边缘近的程度；这在车轮中部 边缘处测得．
2. Kingpin Angle (S.A.I) 主销内倾 • The kingpin angle is the inclination of the steering axis (kingpin) relative to the longitudinal plane, measured in the transverse plane of the vehicle.
• 主销内倾角是转向轴（主销 ）相对于纵向平面的倾斜， 在汽车横向平面内测得．
3. Camber 前轮外倾角 • Camber is the inclination of the wheel relative to the longitudinal vehicle plane, measured in the transverse plane of the vehicle. Positive camber means that the wheels are tilted further out at the top than at the bottom.
主销后倾特指从车辆侧面观察时，转向 轴（主销）偏离垂直方向的角度，或车 轮和路面接触点与主销延长线与路面交 点间的距离．
The main types of Suspension Springs:
2. Leaf Spring
• Leaf springs are made of long, flat pieces of metal clamped together to form a spring. The spring not only acts as a spring but also locates the axle. To overcome weakness at the mid-point of the main leaf, either the leaf is made thicker at the center or a series of leaves is used. Each leaf is shorter than the one directly above it.
CHAPTER 5
STEERING AND SUSPENSION SYSTEM
5.6 Overview of Suspension
The function of Suspension system:
• Flexibly connect the wheels to the body • Deliver the power and moment from the road to the body • Damp out the spring oscillations quickly
5.13 Wheels and Tires
• The main functions of tire： • Absorb shocks resulting from irregularities in the road. • Provide frictional contact between the wheels and the road so that good traction is secured. This permits the transmitting of power through the tires to the road for rapid accelerating, combats the tendency of the car to skid on turns and allows quick stops when the brakes are applied.
• 车轮倾角是车轮在纵向平面的倾斜 ，在汽车的横向平面内测得．车轮 外倾角指车轮顶部比底部更向外倾 斜．
4. Caster 主销后倾角
• Caster is specified as the angle by which the steering axis (kingpin line) deviates from the vertical when viewed from the side, or as that distance on the road surface by which the wheel contact point trails the point at which an extension of the steering axis meets the road surface.
Independent Suspension
• • • • • • • • single transverse arm type（单横臂式） double transverse arm type（双横臂式） single trailing arm type（单纵臂式） double trailing arm type（双纵臂式） single oblique arm type（单斜臂式） sliding pillar type（烛式） MacPherson Strut type（麦弗逊式） multi-link type（多连杆式）
• 不正确的车轮定位参数会使汽车产 生偏驶，阻止车轮在转向后回到直 线行驶位置。
Toe – In 前轮前束 Kingpin Angle 主销内倾角 S.A.I
Camber 前轮外倾角
Caster 主销后倾角
1. Toe－In 前轮前束
• Toe-in specifies the degree to which non-parallel front wheels are closer together at the front than at the rear; measured at the edges of the rims at the wheel center height.
• 压缩弹簧然后释放，它会振动一段 时间。（振动）作用在汽车上将引 起乘坐不舒适。减振器的目的是储 存在弹簧中的能量并缩短汽车跳动 的时间。
• Shock absorbers are filled with fluid. In operation, wheel movement causes the shock absorber to force this fluid through small openings (orifices). Since fluid can pass through restricted openings rather slowly, this puts a restraint on wheel and spring movement. The restraint imposed prevents excessive wheel movement. It also damps out the spring oscillations quickly after the hole or bump is passed.
• 悬架系统有两个子系统－前悬架和后悬架 ．前悬架比后悬架复杂．这是因为前轮需 要在不同方向运动．车轮必须随悬架上下 运动并随转向系统左右转动．因为汽车在 前轮指向的方向上行驶，所以前轮定位很 重要．
• Poor alignment can make a car pull to one side and stop the front wheels from returning to the straight-ahead position after a turn.
• The suspension covers the arrangement used to connect the wheels to the body. The purpose is to prevent large shocks, caused by the wheels striking bumps in the road, being passed to the vehicle occupants and components; otherwise discomfort and damage would occur.
• 悬架是车轮（车桥）与车身（车架）之间 连接装置的总称。其目的是防止车轮遇到 路面不平产生的巨大冲击传给车内的货物 和乘客；否则会产生不舒适的感觉和货物 的损坏。
• The suspension system has two subsystems－the front suspension and the rear suspension. The front suspension is more complicated than the rear suspension. This is because the front wheels must move in several different directions. The wheels must move up and down with the suspension and turn left to right with the steering. Since the car goes in the direction in which the front wheels point, the alignment of the front wheels is important.
• 减振器中充满腔的孔隙．由于油液通过受到 限制的孔隙时，速度很慢，就对车 轮和弹性元件的运动产生阻尼作用 ．这种阻尼作用避免了车轮的过度 运动．在车辆经过坑洼地段时，能 很快地衰减弹性元件的振动．
The main types of Suspension system：
• 扭杆弹簧一端固定在汽车上的 适当位置，另一端安装在摇臂 上．冲击力作用在摇臂的一端 使它弯曲，这引起扭杆扭曲， 从而吸收冲击力．冲击力消失 时扭杆扭曲消失，摇臂回到原 来的位置．