英汉互译实践和技巧补充4实用文体翻译共87页
[英语学习]英汉互译实践与技巧
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• 翻译训练 • PROVERBS IN LATIN AMERICAN TALK • Proverbs are the popular sayings that brighten so much Latin American talk, the down wisdom that you are as apt to hear from professors as from peasants, from beggars as from elegantes. Brief and colorful, they more often than not carry a sting. • 拉美日常会话中的谚语 • 谚语人人都喜欢说，拉美日常会话中有了谚语会 增色不少。从形形色色的人嘴里你都可以听到谚 语这一智慧的结晶 ─ 雅至大学的教授，俗至种 田的村夫，穷至讨饭的乞丐，潮至摩登的女郎。 谚语简单明了，丰富多彩，常常还很尖锐。
• Her daughter made one more try. "But Mama, you often say, 'If the saint is annoyed, don't pray to him until he gets over it. ' Can't I leave it for tomorrow?" "No, no and no! Remember: If the dose is nasty, swallow it fast. 'You know, my child, you did wrong. But, 'A gift is the key to open the door closed against you. ' I have a cake in the oven that I was making for the Senora's dinner. I will explain to the Senora. Now, dear, hurry home and make yourself pretty in your pink dress. By the time you get back, I will have the cake ready for you to take to your mother-in-law. She will be so pleased that she may make your father-in-law pay for the bed. Remember: 'One hand washes the other, but together they wash the face. • 她女儿还是不甘心。“妈妈你不是常说，‘如果菩萨生了气，就 等他消了气再向他祈祷’，道歉的事我明天再说不行吗？” “不行不行，绝对不行。你要记住：‘药不好吃更要快吃’。要 知道，闺女呀，是你做得不对。‘大门关得紧，不挡送礼人’。 我在烤箱里烤了一块蛋糕，本来是烤给夫人做晚餐的。晚上我给 夫人说一下。现在，亲爱的，快点回去，打扮漂亮点，换上你那 条粉红色的裙子。等你回来，我的蛋糕就烤好了，给你婆婆带去。 说不定她一高兴，会让你公公把床钱出了。记得一句话：你敬我 一尺，我敬你一丈，家庭生活才能幸福又兴旺。
考研翻译 1-5讲：英汉互译实践与技巧
Ⅳ. Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译 怎样避免：
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 具有端正的翻译态度 正确使用工具书 了解英汉语主要差别 掌握必要的翻译技巧 培养跨文化意识
Ⅳ. Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译
Ⅲ. The Principles or Criteria of Translation 翻译的原则和标准
Principle原则：
严复： 信 faithfulness/ accuracy 忠实/准确 达 expressiveness/ smoothness通顺/流畅 雅 elegance ??
Ⅱ. The Nature and the Scope of Translation 翻译的性质和范围 Definition定义举例:
我国最流行的说法：“翻译是运用一种语言把另一 种语言所表达的思想内容准确而完整地重新表达出 来的语言活动”。 美国翻译理论家E.A.Nida：“Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. 所谓翻译，是指从语义到语体(风格)在译语中 用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。”
Ⅳ. Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译
表达：
英汉互译实践与技巧
实践中现存的问题并找出解决的办法,走出目前英汉互译教学的困境促使学生了解文化差异,多阅读、勤背诵、常思考、重交流,熟练掌握英汉互译的技能。
关键词:英汉互译教学;语感;文化
翻译是跨语言、跨文化、跨社会的社交活动。
汉互译教学的任务是培养和提高学生的实际翻译能乐趣。
简单的精读课教学,其结果是学生只能从中
学习几个单词或者短语,难以全面掌握翻译的技能,
二、英汉互译教学效果的改进措施
.要求学生多阅读、勤背诵
1.翻译教学的目的不明确语言重在培养学习感觉和灵性。
阅读可以提高
将所看过的各种素材
2.学生的认识不到位我所用、信手拈来。
背诵是一个日积月累的过程,以后的实践中能够自如地运用2.培养学生常思考、多交流
语言学科尤其是英汉互译课程,囊括了历史、地度上领会文化的差异给英汉互译带来的影响。
理、经济、文化、科技等方方面面的知识。
在英汉互译教学中不断要求学生对身边的一切事物任何课程都受到外部和内部两大因素的影响。
通过英汉两种语言进行互换思考,保持“事事关心外部因素包括科学技术的发展、社会经济的变化、人
它的表达,时时我来表达”的积极语言学习态度。
口的流动、文化的变迁等,内部因素则包括教育系统
经常性的思考训练,有助于培养学生的灵感思维。
灵感思维是翻译活动中译者通过对原语的透彻理解影响。
学生互相学习,经常交流,吸取他人的正确思维和语多思考多讨论,要在辅导环节对学生的译文进行评
言表达方式。
析,充分调动学生的语言学习积极性。
3.指导学生了解文化差异。
英汉互译翻译和实践技巧1_12单元参考答案解析
Unit11.Every life has its roses and thorns.人生总是有苦有乐, 甘苦参半。
(人生的道路既铺满鲜花, 又充满荆棘.)2.I’ll have Lisa where I want her.我要丽莎去哪里她就得去哪里3.He carried his age astonishingly well.他一点儿都不显老，面容年轻得令人惊讶。
4.She’d never again believe anything in trousers.她再也不愿相信任何男人了.5.He was a dead shot.However,he met his Waterloo this time.他是一个神枪手，可这一次却遭到惨败。
/ 他遭遇了滑铁卢。
6.Nixon was pleased by the distinction,but not overwhelmed.尼克松对受到的破格礼遇非常高兴，但并没有受宠若惊。
7.Yet China was a land of constant surprise and shifting impression.而中国是一片令人惊讶、日新月异的土地。
8.After the failure of his last novel,his reputation stands on slippery ground. 、他上一篇小说写砸了, 他的名声从此岌岌可危.9.Mrs.Sawyer looked radiant,too,and for the first time gobbled up her dinner likea little pig.索耶太太也容光焕发，第一次大口大口吃饭，活像一只小猪。
10.He walked at the head of the funeral procession,and every now and then wipedhis crocodile tears with a big handkerchief.他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时有哪个一条大手绢抹去他那鳄鱼的眼泪。
9-11讲：英汉互译实践与技巧
1. 英译汉的正反交替 2. 否定的陷阱
二、教学内容：
1. 英汉翻译中的正反交替 2. 汉英翻译中的正反交替
Ⅰ. Negation in English-Chinese Translation
英汉翻译中的正反交替
1) " Full negatives" :
no, not, none, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere, neither, nor;
汉英翻译中的正反交替
1、Negation According to Usage 在他还没来得及阻拦我之前, 我己经跑出教室。
Before he could stop me, I had rushed out of the classroom. 俗话说，"男儿有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处”. As the saying goes，"Men only weep when deeply hurt.
Ⅱ. Negation in Chinese-English Translation
汉英翻译中的正反交替
2、Negation for Emphasis or Rhetorical Effect 我们讨论问题时，不能忘记这些基本点。
These basic concepts must be kept in mind in our discussion. 党的十六大充分表明我们党兴旺发达，后继有人。
Ⅰ. Negation in English-Chinese Translation
英汉翻译中的正反交替
3) all/every ... not All that glitters is not gold.
发光的不一定都是金子。 No, everything is not straightened out.
实用英汉互译教程4 Basic Translation Skill Conversion
2. 介词转译成动词（prep.---v.）
英语中介词的使用频率相对于汉语来说要高得多 。实际上英语中很多介词在语境中可带有明显的 动作意味，例如“across, against, past, toward, through, with”等。因此在翻译的过程中为了汉语 表达的通顺流畅，可以根据具体情况将一些介词 转译为动词。
4. 副词转译为动词（adv.---v.） 英语中，副词常常用来修饰动词作状语，这样使 得副词具有了动作意味。所以，副词也可以转换 为汉语的动词来翻译。 We started home. 我们启程踏上归途。 The train will be in in ten minutes. 火车十分钟后会到达。
2. 介词转译成动词（prep.---v.）
“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah(凉台), and into the porch(门廊).
“来啦！”她转身蹦跳着越过草地，跑上小径，跨 上台阶，house with the money. 他用那笔钱买了一栋房子。 Both the police and the murderer are after him. 警察和凶手都在找他。 He was finally on his feet again. 他终于又站了起来。 Are you for or against the proposal? 你赞成还是反对这项提案？
be flooded with people 战争前夕，这个火车站被逃难者所淹没。 Before the war, the train state was flooded with refugees. be all packed 体育馆被塞得满满当当。 The stadium was packed with so many people. The stadium is all packed.
英汉互译实践与技巧课后答案
英汉互译实践与技巧课后答案UNIT1Make a comparison between the English word “send”and the corresponding Chinese character “送”, trying to have a thorough command of them.Send = 送1.Your luggage will be sent up very soon.你的行李很快就送过来了2.They have sent a wreath.他们送了一个花圈3.He was given a big send-off at the station.他在平台受到隆重的欢送4.They are now sending their children to college, too.他们也在送孩子上学Send = 送?1.Who send the letter?谁捎来的信2.Have you sent off the order?订单发出去了吗3.Please send him in.请叫他进来4.He sends words that he wouldn't be coming.他带信来说，他不来了5.Could you send sb. to help us?你能派人来帮助我们吗6.Please send the goods by air.请用航空发货7.The shot sent the birds flying away.枪声惊飞了一群鸟8.Send for the doctor, please.请叫医生来送= send?1.送某人一本书give sb a book2.送礼present a gift to sb3.送信deliver a letler4.送客see a visitor out5.送行see sb off6.送雨伞bring sb a unbrellar7.送命lose one's life8.送孩子上学take a child to school9.送某人回家escort somebody home10.将卫星送上天launch a satellite11.送葬take part in funeral procession12.送罪犯上法庭审判hand the criminal over to the court for trialUNIT21.Needing some light to see by, the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light thelight withthe light green shade 盗贼为了穿过房间，必须借助光源的照射，于是他蹑手蹑足的点燃了一盏灯，然后借着微弱的绿光走出了屋子。
1-5：英汉互译实践与技巧
(She is very popular now.) 2、你给我站住！*You Give Me Stop!!
(Stand!) 3、蠢蠢欲動。 *Stupid stupid want to move .
(Be ready to do sth.(bad)) 4、寒暄 *coldly talk for a while
Ⅱ. Nature and Scope of Translation 翻译的性质和范围
英 国 翻 译 教 育 家 Peter Newmark ： “ It is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text. 翻译是按作者的创造意图把一篇文章的意思 用另一种语言描述出来的过程。”
Ⅲ. Principles or Criteria of Translation 翻译的原则和标准
Principle原则：
严复Yan Fu ：the first Chinese who made a penetrating（敏锐的） and relatively systematic study of translation standard in modern times.
original. To reproduce the ideological content and the
style of the original works and retain as much as possible the figures of speech.
Ⅳ. Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译