2015考研英语阅读理解精读P2—教育学

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2015考研英语阅读理解精读P12—历史学

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P12—历史学Passage 12Imagine asking a presidential candidate to sit down for a sensitivity session on gay and lesbian issues. That's exactly what we did last week in Austin, Texas. George W. Bush invited us, a dozen gay Republicans, after he'd refused to meet with a gay Republican group that had criticized him. Our meeting set an important precedent: never again will a major-party candidate be able to run for president without addressing gay and lesbian issues.Bush didn't like everything we had to say. I was struck by his lack of familiarity with the issues, as well as by his desire to learn. I described how my partner, Rob Morris, and I have been in a 17-year relationship. We both come from healthy, strong, religious families. Rob grew up in a conservative Republican family in Georgia; I come from a longtime Republican family in Wisconsin. I'm now the vice president of my Lutheran church. I wanted Governor Bush to understand that long-term, loving relationships, stable families, strong faith-based traditions and Republican voting histories are all part of the gay and lesbian community.Our stories had an impact. Bush admitted that, growing up in Texas, he had not been as open to elements of America's diverse culture. He had a narrow set of friends and a firm set of traditions. But he was surprised and dismayed to hear that people saw him as intolerant. "What have I said that sent that signal?" he asked repeatedly. We confronted him about his reported statement that if you were openly gay or lesbian you would not be considered for a job in his administration. "I never said that," he insisted, assuring us he would hire gays and lesbians who both were qualified and shared his political views.Our perspective was clearly eye-opening to him. When one of us talked about his lesbian sister and her partner adopting children, the governor acknowledged his often-stated belief that gays should not adopt. "Now you're telling me of a very loving, caring relationship," he said. "I really appreciate hearing that." We stressed that a Bush administration could not roll back any of the progress made in recent years. We talked about AIDS funding and research. Though Bush was attentive--and does show a willingness to hear all sides--I don't think we changed his positions. He still opposes gay marriage and classifying crimes against gays as hate crimes. To be honest, Bush still has a long way to go. But I think he's a lot farther along today than he was last week.注(1)：本文选自Newsweek，04/24/2000, p43注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2003年真题Text 41. What is implied in the first paragraph?[A]A gay Republican group criticized Bush for his political views.[B]It is impossible to invite a president for discussing the gay issues.[C]No president candidate can ignore gay and lesbian issues at the present time.[D]Gay and lesbian issues are hot issues for the president.2. The author uses himself as an example to show _________.[A]what it is like in the gay and lesbian community[B]what it is like to be a gay.[C]what kind of a family the gays come from.[D]what it is like to maintain a gay relationship3. The author’s attitude toward Bush’s performance at the meeting is _________.[A]scornful[B]satisfactory[C]supporting[D]objective4. In spite of his careful listening, Bush still opposes the following behaviors except _________.[A]adopting the child[B]getting married[C]redefining hate crimes[D]employing the gays and lesbians5. The text intends to express the idea that _________.[A]the gays and lesbians long for the normal life[B]Bush has partly changed his views about the gay issues[C]there is still a long way to go to deal with the gay issues properly[D]the gays has had a successful talk with Bush答案：CABDC篇章剖析本文可以说是一篇记叙文，作者以第一人称的身份讲述了十几个共和党人同总统候选人布什的会面，并就男女同性恋问题进行了探讨和交流。

2015英语考研真题阅读第二篇

2015年硕士研究生入学考试英语阅读第2篇1.数字资料 digital data2.宪法到底在多大程度上保护你的数字资料Just how much does the Constitution protect yourdigital data?3.最高法院即将讨论 The Supreme Court will now4.警察是否能够搜集手机内容consider whether police can search the contents of a mobilephone5.手机内容the contents of a mobile phone6.在没有搜查令的情况下 without a warrant7.嫌疑人身上或旁边的的手机内容 if the phone is on or around a person8.在逮捕的过程中during an arrest.9.加利福尼亚州California10.已请求法官们has asked the justices11.不要做出to refrain from12.一刀切裁决 a sweeping ruling,13.加利福尼亚州已请求法官们不要做出一刀切裁决California has asked the justices torefrain from a sweeping ruling,14.尤其是 particularly15.推翻这一旧有的假定的一切裁决 one that upsets the old assumptions16.执法当局 that authorities17.可搜查嫌疑犯的财务 may search through the possessions of suspects18.在逮捕时at the time of their arrest.19.该州政府认为the state argues,20.法官很难评估It is hard, for judges to assess21.快速变化的新技术可能带来的影响the implications of new and rapidly changingtechnologies.22.最高法院那真是谦虚的不计后果 The court would be recklessly modest23.如果要是听从加利福尼亚州的建议if it followed California's advice.24.已经有足够的影戏现在能够看的出来Enough of the implications are discernable,25.甚至很明显 even obvious,26.因此，法官能够也应该so that the justice can and should27.提供更新的指导性意见provide updated guidelines28.向警方，律师以及被告to police, lawyers and defendants.29.他们应该首先摒弃加利福尼亚州的蹩脚观点They should start by discarding California'slame argument30.即翻看智能手机的内容 that exploring the contents of a smartphone--31.一个庞大的数字信息库 a vast storehouse of digital information32. is similar to say,33.相当于翻查嫌疑犯的钱包going through a suspect's purse .34.最高法院已经裁决 The court has ruled that35.警方并不违反宪法第四修正案 police don't violate the Fourth Amendment36.警方搜捕被捕人的钱包或者钱袋when they go through the wallet or pocketbook of anarrestee37.在没有搜查令的情况下without a warrant.38.但是查看一个人的智能手机 But exploring one's smartphone39.更像是进入他或她的家is more like entering his or her home.40.一个智能手机肯能存有A smartphone may contain41.被捕人的阅读记录an arrestee's reading history,42.财务记录病史记录financial history, medical history43.以及近期通信往来的详细记录 and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.44.与此同时云记录的发展The development of "cloud computing," meanwhile,45.也让那种查看更为容易has made that exploration so much the easier.46.美国人应该Americans should47.采取措施take steps to48.保护他们的数字隐私protect their digital privacy.49.但是把敏感的信息保存在这些设备上 But keeping sensitive information on these devices50.正日益成为正常生活的一种需求is increasingly a requirement of normal life.51.不过美国公民有权Citizens still have a right to52.要求私人文件expect private documents to53.保持不公开 remain private and54.并且受到宪法禁止无理搜查条款的保护protected by the Constitution’s prohibition onunreasonable searches.55.这是常有的事 As so often is the case,56.申明原则 stating that principle57.并不能减轻 doesn’t ease58.界限划定的挑战the challenge of line-drawing.59.在很多情况下In many cases,60.也不会太麻烦 it would not be overly burdensome61.当局获得搜查令 for authorities to obtain a warrant62.在搜查手机信息to search through phone contents.63.他们可以悬置第四修正案的保护条例They could still invalidate Fourth Amendmentprotections64.在面临严峻紧急的情况下 when facing severe, urgent circumstances,65.他们也可以采取适当的措施 and they could take reasonable measures66.以保证手机数据不被删除或更改to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered67.在等待搜查令之时while a warrant is pending.68.尽管如此，最高法院或许想要The court, though, may want to69.为警方提出空间 allow room for police70.有权行使更多自主行为的情形to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom71.但是法官们不应该轻易接受加利福尼亚的所有观点But the justices should not swallowCalifornia's argument whole.72.新的颠覆性技术New, disruptive technology73.有时需要对sometimes demands74.进行创新性的应用 novel applications75.对宪法保护条例of the Constitution's protections.76.法学教授奥林克尔 Orin Kerr, a law professor,77.爆炸和可获取性 compares the explosion and accessibility78.数字信息的of digital information79.21世纪的in the 21st century80.汽车的使用确立为 with the establishment of automobile use81.生活的必须 as a vitrual necessity of life82.20世纪in the 20th:83.法官们不得不The justices had to84.明确新规定 specify novel rules85.为一新兴私人领域 for the new personal domain86.小客车of the passenger car then;87.他们必须去解决they must sort out88.第四修正案是如何how the Fourth Amendment89.去适应数字信息的问题applies to digital information now.。

2015考研英语二阅读

2015考研英语二阅读在2015年的考研英语二考试中，阅读理解部分的难度适中，但仍然需要考生具备扎实的语言基础和良好的逻辑思维能力。

文章选材广泛，覆盖了社会、文化、科技等多个领域，旨在考察考生对不同文体和话题的理解能力。

首先，阅读理解A部分的文章涉及了社会现象，如教育、环境和科技发展等。

这些文章通常包含大量的专业术语和复杂的句子结构，要求考生不仅要有较强的词汇量，还要能够快速捕捉文章的主旨大意和细节信息。

在解答这类题目时，考生需要注意文章中的转折词、比较级和最高级等语言标志，这些往往能够帮助考生把握文章的逻辑关系和作者的观点态度。

其次，阅读理解B部分则更侧重于考察考生的推理判断能力。

这部分的文章往往包含一些隐含的信息和作者的暗示，考生需要通过上下文的线索来推断文章的深层含义。

在解答这类题目时，考生应避免仅凭字面意思理解，而应结合文章的整体内容和语境来做出合理的推断。

此外，阅读理解C部分的文章则更注重考察考生的词汇量和语法知识。

这部分的文章通常包含一些生僻词汇和复杂的句型，考生需要通过上下文的语境来猜测词义和理解句意。

在解答这类题目时，考生可以利用构词法、同义词替换等技巧来辅助理解。

最后，阅读理解D部分的文章则更侧重于考察考生的综合理解能力。

这部分的文章往往涉及多个主题和复杂的逻辑关系，考生需要在理解文章的基础上，对文章的结构、作者的观点和文章的写作目的有一个全面的把握。

在解答这类题目时，考生应注重文章的整体结构和段落之间的联系，以及作者的写作意图和文章的深层含义。

总的来说，2015年考研英语二的阅读理解部分要求考生具备较强的语言综合运用能力，包括词汇、语法、逻辑推理和综合理解等方面。

考生在备考过程中，应注重提高这些能力，并通过大量的阅读练习来熟悉不同文体和话题的文章，以提高自己的应试能力。

2015年英语考研阅读

2015年英语考研阅读2015年考研英语阅读理解真题及答案阅读理解部分Part APassage 1The term “multitasking” usually refers to the ability to engage in two or more tasks simultaneously. In the performing arts, multitasking can take the form of a singer singing while moving around the stage, a dancer dancing to music while maintaining balance or a comedian speaking to a crowd while carrying out a physical routine. In each case, the performer’s ability to engage in two or more tasks simultaneously is part of what makes the performance captivating.However, the concept of multitasking has also been applied to the world of computers and technology. When people claim to be ableto multitask on a computer, they typically mean they can use the computer to perform multiple tasks at the same time, such as checking email while writing a report or watching a video while responding to messages on social media. In this sense, multitasking is a matter of effectively managing time and resources so that multiple tasks can be completed with maximum efficiency and minimal loss of quality.Despite its apparent simplicity, multitasking is actually quite complex. When people multitask, they must switch back and forth between tasks, which can lead to decreased efficiency and performance on each task. Additionally, people who engage in multitasking may be more easily distracted and have a harder time focusing on a single task. Furthermore, multitasking may not be beneficial for all tasks. For example, when it comes to tasks that require creative thinking or complex problem-solving, dividing attention can actually hinder performance.In light of these findings, it seems clear that the key to effective multitasking is selecting the right tasks to perform simultaneously and managing one’s focus and energy acc ordingly. This means thatpeople should identify which tasks require their full attention and which ones can be performed concurrently with other tasks. By doing so, they can increase their overall productivity while minimizing any negative impact on task performance.21. The passage mainly discusses ____.A. the negative effects of multitaskingB. how to select suitable tasks for multitaskingC. the importance of managing time and resources effectivelyD. the differences between various forms of multitasking22. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a form of multitasking?A. Singing while moving around the stage.B. Checking email while watching a video.C. Replying to messages on social media while driving.D. Cooking while listening to music.23. Multitasking can be inefficient and even counterproductive because _____.A. people tend to become easily distracted when engaging in multitaskingB. it results in decreased efficiency and performance on each taskC. it may not be suitable for all types of tasksD. people performing multitasking tasks usually lack focus and energy24. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Multitasking can significantly enhance people’s creativity.B. Completing multiple tasks simultaneously usually results in better performance.C. The key to effective multitasking lies in selecting suitable tasks and managing one’s focus and energy effectively.D. Multitasking is only suitable for simple, repetitive tasks that do not require much concentration or problem-solving ability.25. Which word best describes the function of the highlighted sentence? (Please highlight the sentence.)It means that people should identify which tasks require their full attention and which ones can be performed concurrently with other tasks.。

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P13—教育学

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P13—教育学Passage 13When I applied under Early Decision to the University of Pennsylvania four years ago, I was motivated by two powerful emotions: ambition and fear. The ambition was to fulfill my lifelong expectation of attending an Ivy League school; the fear was that without the advantage offered by Early Decision, I wouldn't make the cut. A Penn admissions officer told me that the previous year they had accepted 45 percent of Early Decision applicants and just 29 percent of total applicants. The implication was clear: applying under Early Decision dramatically improves your chances of acceptance. At Brown University, my other favorite, applying early did not confer any advantage. While Brown was my No. 1 choice, Penn was a close second, and I desperately wanted to make sure I got into one of the two.I applied just before the Nov. 1 deadline, and six weeks later I got my acceptance package. I was thrilled and relieved. While my friends spent winter vacation finishing as many as 18 applications each, I relaxed. On a school trip to France over spring break, I drank wine while everyone else struggled with international calling cards to phone home and find out where they'd been accepted. People cried about getting rejected, or began the difficult and agonizing process of choosing between two or more schools. Strangely, none of this made me feel better about having applied early. It made me feel worse. When a lot of people from my class got into Brown, I wondered if I, too, could have.Penn sent a discombobulating array of material to incoming freshmen over the summer. As the pile of mail mounted, so did my concerns that I had made the wrong choice. I had been to Penn only one day, in October of my senior year. I realize now I did not know nearly enough about myself or the school. Picking classes was far more arcane than I had expected (or than it would have been at a smaller school). And when I got to the campus, I found that fraternities and sororities were a more noticeable and obnoxious presence than the 30 percent student membership had suggested to me.It wasn't long before I knew Penn was not right for me and I looked into transferring. For me, it was about more than just changing schools. I wanted to have the traditional application experience I'd missed out on during my first go-round. The only school on my list that allowed transfers during the second semester of freshman year was Wesleyan, so I waited out the whole year, then applied to Yale, Brown and Wesleyan. I got into Wesleyan. The irony that I could have gotten in sooner, without getting rejected by the other schools, was not lost on me. But I know I made the right decision.To high-school seniors who want to avoid making the same mistake I did, my advice is simple: don't apply under Early Decision unless you are absolutely sure that the school is your first choice. And, just as important, don't let your parents or college-guidance counselor persuadeyou to apply under Early Decision. They may have their own agenda, or at least their own perception of who you are and what you want. As I discovered, no one can really know what you want better than yourself, and even you may need time to figure out what that is.注(1)：本文选自Newsweek, 11/18/2002, p62注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2002年Text 3.1. The main reasons for the author to apply under Early Decision are _______.[A]pride and ambition[B]dream and fear[C]easiness and effort-saving[D]trouble-saving and release2. It can be inferred from the text that the main advantage of Early Decision is that ______.[A]you can graduate from the high school earlier[B]you don’t worry about the results[C]you needn’t take the entrance examination[D]you’re more likely to be accepted3. The description of the author’s feelings in Paragraph 2 shows that _______.[A]he is satisfied with his choice[B]there are many advantages of being accepted earlier[C]less effort is needed under Early Decision[D]he is happy with and doubts about his decision4. We can draw a conclusion from the text that ________.[A]a full consideration is needed before applying[B]students should avoid the short cut[C]a quick decision will do you no good[D]the author shouldn’t apply under Early Decision5. From the text we can see that the writer seems _________.[A]regretful[B]optimistic[C]gloomy[D]sensitive答案：BDDAA篇章剖析本文是一篇记叙文，以作者的亲身经历讲述了“优先申请”政策带给自己的苦与乐。

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P2—法学类

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P2—法学类Passage 2(Stricter Traffic Law can Prevent Accidents)From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-years-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behaviour. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy tragic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through stringent annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person’s driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be mad much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if tit results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.1.The main idea of this passage is[A] Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists.[B] Thousands of people the world over are killed each year.[C] The laws of some countries about driving are too lax.[D] Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents.2.What does the author think of society toward motorists?[A] Society smiles on the motorists.[B] Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.[C] Victims of accidents are nothing.[D] Society condones their rude driving.3.Why does the author say:’his car becomes the extension of his personality?’[A] Driving can show his real self.[B] Driving can show the other part of his personality.[C] Driving can bring out his character.[D] His car embodies his temper.4.Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?[A] Build more highways.[B] Stricter driving tests.[C] Test drivers every three years.[D] raise age limit and lay down safety specifications.5.The attitude of the author is[A] ironical[B] critical[C] appealing[D] militantVocabulary1.immunise 使免疫，使免除2.expectation of life = life expectancy 平均寿命3.versus = against 对顶，反对4.mutilate 伤害5.wilful 任性的，固执的6.benign 宽厚的，仁慈的7.condone 宽容8.desecrate 亵渎，玷污9.code 法规，规定，惯例10.stringent 严格的，紧急的，迫切的11.performance 演出，成品，这里是指car’s behavior such as speed, function etc.可译成行为，汽车行为、功能等。

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P12—工学类

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P12—工学类Passage 12Web browsers! Interactive software! There’s a lot of new technology talk going on in public relations these days，and it’s coming from a variety of sources.3)Clients，fearful that they are missing out on some mysterious "next wave", demand some kind of whiz-bang demonstration of technology from agencies.Industry publications continuously tout the latest and greatest electronic innovations.College kids enter the marketplace armed with computer literacy completely alien to many veteran practitioners.And，in some cases，members of the media demand that information be packaged to accommodate their particular technological preferences.Is technology now the tail wagging dog?The answer，unequivocally.is no.Technology remains what it has always been，a tool used by professionals to help them do their jobs.4)A1l of this millennium talk has produced an unnecessary level of anxiety about the necessity of technological innovation—the idea that you are light-years behind unless you are light-years ahead.Relax! The foundations of good public relations remain the same：anticipating and meeting the needs of clients and the media，and providing informed and useful counsel.5)Solid research，strong writing skills，creativity, and an appreciation for the values of the media are the backbone of the profession，regardless of how information is packaged.Even if the speed of information transmission is increasing，high tech isn’t for everyone.All clients don’t need individual web pages and summaries of chat room activity.When considering applications of new technologies，consider the audiences for your clients.Are they comfortable with technology? Do they have access to the distribution systems you are considering? Do they have the skills and knowledge to use these systems? Do they navigate the web，use CD-ROM.or even own a VCR?Consider the image of the company itself.The delivery system is part of the message and contributes to the overall image.so the practitioner should consider how that system affects the clients，the products，and the audiences.Yes，a web page can be a cost-effective communication tool when you consider the minimal media costs.But once it’s up and running，you’ve got to keep it fresh，and that means a continual allocation of time and specialized resources.6)In the hyper-speed model of communications, nothing is older than information that is both outdated and on-line.And to information consumers，your web page will cease to be a source if it isn’t kept current.In the last presidential election，more than one candidate had problems with their personal web pages because webmasters were not kept up to date on changes in campaign strategy and messages.The gap between what the candidate was saying and what the web page was showing became a story in itself.If you’re going to have a presence on the Internet，you have to budget for regular maintenance.Otherwise，you areputting a sign up that says“too cheap to be relevant”.1. The recent enthusiasm for new technology is partly brought on by____.[A]electronic innovations[B]the development of new interactive software[C]consumers’fear to be left behind the tide[D]the popularization of the Web2. What does the writer think of the recent new technology talk going on in public relations?[A]It indicates a sudden realization of an oncoming radical change in public relations.[B]It makes prominent the fact that technology remains what it has always been.[C]It is superficial and does not mean that we are ushering in a new age.[D]It is a sure sign that we are missing out on some mysterious“next wave”.3. The“tail wagging dog”(Para.2)most probably means____.[A]the overwhelmingly predominant thing[B]the dog that tucks its tail between its legs[C]the thing to be tamed urgently[D]the problem to be tackled at once4. According to the author，the role of new technology in public relations____.[A]can’t be too emphasized in today’s world[B]is unnecessarily exaggerated ”[C]is not fully recognized yet[D]is more important to the company than the clients5. It is implied in the last paragraph that a web page____.[A]can usually provide the viewers with the latest information[B]is not a good idea unless its information is updated constantly[C]may take more money to be set up and kept running than imagined[D]can find extensive applications in presidential elections答案：1. [C] 意为：消费者害怕落后于形势。

2015年考研英语二第二篇阅读

2015年考研英语二第二篇阅读摘要：1.考研英语二的阅读理解题型及分值分布2.2015 年考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的主要内容3.2015 年考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的题型解析4.从2015 年考研英语二阅读理解第二篇中学到的启示正文：一、考研英语二的阅读理解题型及分值分布考研英语二是全国硕士研究生招生考试英语科目的必考内容之一。

在考研英语二中，阅读理解是一个重要的题型，主要考察考生的阅读能力和理解能力。

根据历年的考试题型分布，我们可以知道，考研英语二的阅读理解题型主要分为两类：阅读理解（Part A）和阅读理解（Part B）。

其中，阅读理解（Part A）包括10 道题目，每题2 分，共计20 分。

这部分主要考察考生对文章的细节理解能力，要求考生根据文章的具体内容选择正确的答案。

阅读理解（Part B）包括10 道题目，每题2 分，共计20 分。

这部分主要考察考生对文章的结构和主旨的理解能力，要求考生根据文章的整体内容选择正确的答案。

二、2015 年考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的主要内容2015 年考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的主题为“第一代大学生的教育成就”。

文章通过研究发现，第一代大学生（即没有父母拥有大学学位的学生）在教育成就方面与其他学生存在一定的差距。

这些差距主要体现在以下几个方面：1.第一代大学生在学术表现上与其他学生存在差距，他们的学习成绩、毕业率等指标低于其他学生。

2.第一代大学生在社交和情感方面与其他学生存在差距，他们更容易感到孤独、焦虑和压力。

3.第一代大学生在就业和收入方面与其他学生存在差距，他们的就业率和收入水平低于其他学生。

三、2015 年考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的题型解析2015 年考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的题型主要包括以下几种：1.事实细节题：要求考生根据文章的具体内容选择正确的答案。

例如，文章中提到的第一代大学生的学术表现、社交和情感状况、就业和收入等方面的具体数据和事实。

2015考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(二)第2篇_毙考题

2015考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第2篇For years, studies have found that first-generation college students—those who do not have a parent with a college degree—lag other students on a range of education achievement factors.Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher.But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them.t—generation students, but then watching This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting firsmany of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university.First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree.Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federalgrant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students.They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of highereducation, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” theyadvantages and And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don’t talk about the classdisadvantages of different groups of students.“Because U.S. colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect-generation students lack insight about why they arestudents’ educational experiences, many firststruggling and do not understand how students ‘like them’ can improve.”“第一代大学生”是指那些父母没有大学学位的大学生，多年以来，很多研究发现他们在一系列的教育成就方面落后于其他的学生。

2015年考研英语二第二篇阅读

2015年考研英语二第二篇阅读
摘要：
1.考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的主要内容
2.文章的研究背景和目的
3.文章的研究方法和结果
4.文章的结论和启示
正文：
2015 年考研英语二阅读理解第二篇主要探讨了第一代大学生在学习成绩方面的表现。

文章通过研究发现，第一代大学生在教育成就因素上与其他学生存在一定的差距。

然而，他们的努力和拼搏精神使得他们在学业上取得了显著的进步。

文章的研究背景是在当今社会，越来越多的家庭没有大学学历的父母，他们的子女成为了第一代大学生。

这些学生是否有能力在大学里取得好成绩，成为了研究的焦点。

为了解决这个问题，文章采用了大量的研究方法和数据来分析第一代大学生与其他学生的差距。

研究发现，第一代大学生在学习成绩上确实存在一定的劣势。

他们的父母没有大学学历，因此在学术资源和教育背景方面相对较弱。

这使得他们在学术竞争力上与其他学生存在差距。

然而，这并不意味着他们没有能力在大学里取得好成绩。

许多第一代大学生通过自己的努力和拼搏，成功地克服了这些劣势，并在学业上取得了显著的进步。

文章的结论是，虽然第一代大学生在学习成绩方面存在一定的劣势，但这并不意味着他们不能在大学里取得好成绩。

相反，他们的拼搏精神和努力使得
他们在学业上取得了显著的进步。

这给社会传递了一个积极的信息，即不论家庭背景如何，只要有努力和拼搏的精神，就能在学业上取得成功。

总之，2015 年考研英语二阅读理解第二篇文章通过研究发现，第一代大学生在学习成绩方面存在一定的劣势，但他们的拼搏精神和努力使得他们在学业上取得了显著的进步。

2015年考研英语二text2精读精讲

2015年考研英语二text2精读精讲一、题目简析2015年考研英语二的text2部分是一篇关于文化碰撞的问题文章，主要围绕着由来已久的东西方文化差异展开讨论，文章中提到了许多有代表性的例子，通过具体的事实和论据来说明文化差异对个体和裙体的影响。

文章整体架构清晰，逻辑严密，语言流畅。

对于考研英语二的考生来说，掌握好这篇文章的精读内容对于在考试中取得高分至关重要。

二、主要内容1. 文章开篇引出了一个关于黑格尔的寓言故事，通过这个故事引出东西方文化的差异，并对文化对个体和团体的影响进行了介绍。

2. 接下来文章提到了文化差异带给人们的不同观念和行为方式，例如在思维方式、情感表达、个人行动习惯等方面的差异。

3. 文章还引用了一些具体的例子来证明文化差异对于个体和团体的影响，例如在交流方式、决策方式、价值观念等方面。

4. 文章指出了文化差异所带来的挑战和机遇，强调了跨文化交流和理解的重要性。

三、精读分析1. 关于文化差异的介绍，文章引用了黑格尔的寓言故事，并通过具体的例子对文化差异产生的影响进行了阐述。

2. 文章结构清晰，逻辑严密，语言流畅。

作者采用了较为严谨的逻辑推理和论证手法，使得整篇文章更加具有说服力。

3. 在论证文化差异对个体和团体的影响时，文章引用了大量的事实和数据，这些具体的例子更加具有说服力，能够加深读者的理解。

4. 文章强调了文化差异所带来的挑战和机遇，对跨文化交流和理解的重要性进行了强调，具有较高的启发性和价值观引导作用。

四、精讲要点1. 文化差异对个体和团体的影响文化差异能够影响人们的思维方式、情感表达、个人行动习惯等方面。

在西方国家，人们更加崇尚个人主义和自由，而在东方国家，人们更注重集体利益和社会和谐。

这种差异会在日常生活中表现出来，例如在交流方式、决策方式、价值观念等方面。

2. 文化差异的挑战与机遇文化差异带来了跨文化交流和理解的挑战，同时也为人们带来了更广阔的交流空间和深化文化认知的机遇。

2015年考研英语二第二篇阅读

2015年考研英语二第二篇阅读（原创实用版）目录1.考研英语二的阅读理解部分2.2015 年的第二篇阅读理解文章3.文章主题：第一代大学生在学习成绩上的表现4.第一代大学生的定义：没有父母拥有大学学位的学生5.研究发现：第一代大学生在教育成就因素上落后于其他学生6.落后的原因：缺乏家庭教育和指导7.结论：需要加强对第一代大学生的支持和指导正文考研英语二的阅读理解部分是许多学生备考过程中的一个重要环节。

在 2015 年的考试中，第二篇阅读理解文章探讨了一个有趣的话题：第一代大学生在学习成绩上的表现。

首先，我们需要明确什么是第一代大学生。

根据文章的定义，第一代大学生是指那些没有父母拥有大学学位的学生。

相较于其他学生，他们在教育成就因素上表现较差。

这是为什么呢？经过多年的研究，人们发现，这主要是因为第一代大学生缺乏家庭教育和指导。

他们的父母没有上过大学，因此不能为他们提供足够的学习和职业规划方面的建议。

这使得他们在学习过程中容易遇到困难，从而影响了他们的学习成绩。

然而，这并不意味着第一代大学生没有机会取得好成绩。

事实上，有许多第一代大学生通过自己的努力，成功地克服了这些障碍，取得了优异的成绩。

因此，我们需要加强对第一代大学生的支持和指导，帮助他们充分发挥自己的潜力。

在实际生活中，我们可以通过多种方式来支持第一代大学生。

例如，学校可以设立专门的辅导项目，为他们提供学术辅导和职业规划建议。

同时，我们也鼓励第一代大学生互相帮助，分享他们的学习经验和成功故事，以激励更多的同学取得好成绩。

总之，虽然第一代大学生在学习成绩上存在一定的劣势，但他们并非没有翻身的机会。

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P2—管理类

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P2—管理类Passage 2At the end of last week, Bodega Aurrerá, a Mexican subsidiary of the world's biggest retailer, Wal-Mart, opened a new store in the village of San Juan Teotihuacán, just north of Mexico City. Normally, such an event would cause little stir. Wal-Mart is already Mexico's biggest retailer too. And its shops seem to go down very well with its millions of bargain-hungry customers. But this particular opening was, in fact, the culmination of months of protests, legal actions, hunger strikes and hyperbole by those determined to stop it.The reason is the location. Just 2.5km (1.6 miles) away is the ancient city of Teotihuacán, probably Mexico's most famous archaeological site. Amongst other attractions, it boasts the third-largest (by volume) pyramid in the world. For many Mexicans, the ancient site, abandoned by its mysterious inhabitants centuries before the Spanish conquerors arrived, remains the ultimate symbol of Mexican identity and nationhood. Thousands troop up to the top of the Pyramid of the Sun to celebrate the summer solstice.To them, the idea of having a Wal-Mart next door is abhorrent. In the words of Homero Aridjis, a writer and one of the leading opponents, "it is like driving the stake of globalisation into the heart of old Mexico." The controversy is only the latest in a string of protesters' attempts to save Mexican culture from what they see as a creeping menace. They won a famous victory by blocking a McDonalds restaurant from opening in the main square of the pretty southern colonial town of Oaxaca.But this time they were on much thinner ground. For a start, Wal-Mart went through all the appropriate regulatory hoops, even getting permission from the Paris-based International Council on Monuments and Sites, which judged that the store would cause no harm to the nearby ruins. A small stone platform was indeed found during construction of the new car park, but was preserved.Just as importantly, the claim that the new store spoils the famous view from the top of the Pyramid of the Sun is clearly bogus, as anyone who cares to get to the top can testify. The problem is not so much that you can see the Wal-Mart, but one of trying to distinguish it from the 30-odd other ugly, squat buildings that litter the surrounding countryside--to say nothing of the car parks, the electricity pylons and the large power station. Sadly, unrestricted building long ago ruined this particular view, as well as many others in Mexico.To the diehards, the issue counts more than the view. But neither mattered much to the hundreds of locals who queued up for the opening, delighted to be freed of the small and expensive local shops. Despite a legal case pending against Wal-Mart and local officials, brought by an irate local left-wing politician, this is one battle that the American retailer has probably won.注(1)：本文选自Economist; 11/13/2004, p42;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2001年真题Text 4(其中因2001年真题Text 4只有四个题目，所以本文第4题模仿参照对象为2003年Text 1的第四题);1. Why the opening of Wal-Mart caused stir?[A]Wal-Mart would have severe competition with the local stores.[B]War-Mart would provide them with a larger choice and more benefits.[C]It was said to have ruined the scene of the ancient site.[D]There shouldn’t be a store near the ancient site.2. From Paragraph 2 we can infer that _________.[A]the ancient city means a lot to the Mexicans[B]a store will be too noisy for the ancient city[C]the ancient city is very mysterious[D]the pyramid is a good place for holding big ceremony3. According to Wal-Mart, it has a good reason to build store there because _______.[A]it proves no harm to the nearby ruins[B]the scene of the ancient sites has been damaged[C]customers want to buy some cheap products[D]it has been widely accepted by the customers there.4. It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that _________.[A]the famous view is not as good as it used to be[B]the city lacks planning in building[C]the ancient site is littered with ugly buildings[D]Wal-Mart shouldn’t be fully responsible for the ruined view.5. Toward the fate of Wal-Mart, the writer’s attitude can be said to be _________.[A]objective[B]optimistic[C]pessimistic[D]biased答案：CADDB凯程教育：凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。

2015年考研英语二真题答案及解析

2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文主要就当前社会存在的一个现象进行分析——为什么现在的人不与周围的陌生人交流，而只专注于手机。

第一段提出现象。

第二段指出与陌生人交流其实大有裨益，只是我们不知道。

第三段提出全文要探讨的问题。

第四段给出原因之一——害怕。

第五段承接第四段继续分析，指出我们把手机视为保护毯，避免与陌生人交谈的尴尬。

第六段用一个实验证明其实与陌生人交谈并不是那么尴尬。

第七段对实验结果进行解释，因为人类的的发展源于社会联系。

试题解析In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with—or even looking at—a stranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a__1__on a subway.【译文】在当代文化中，与陌生人交流，甚至看一眼陌生人，都几乎难以忍受。

我们周围的每一个人似乎都同意这点，他们玩弄着手机，即使地铁上一点儿信号都没有。

1.[A]ticket车票[B]permit许可证[C]signal信号[D]record记录【答案】C【考点】词义辨析【直击答案】空格所在句意为：陌生人之间没有交流，大家都只关注自己的手机，即使地铁里没有________。

选项中，只有C项符合上下文语义，与phones和subway有关，因此signal正确。

【命题思路】本题四个选项语义不相关，所以只需要根据上下文确定所需填入的语义即可。

【干扰排除】其余三个选项带入原文都与句意不符，故排除。

It's a sad reality—our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings—because there's__2__to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.But you wouldn't know it,__3__into your phone.This universal protection sends the___4___:_“Please don't approach me.”【译文】这是个可悲的现实——我们希望避免与其他人交流——因为和身边的陌生人交流会带来诸多益处。

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P1—历史学

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P1—历史学Passage 1(The Neutrality of American in the Early World War II)The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The compete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war. While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion.American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelt’s “quarantine the aggressor”speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler’s policies. Germany’s seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people. The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August,1939 came the shock of the Nazi-soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war. The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was begun. A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend Act (1941) authorized the President to sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August, 1940 President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war. In December, 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the United States.1.One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was[A] the burning of the Reichstag.[B] German plans for conquest.[C] Nazi barbarism.[D] the persecution of religious groups.2.The Lend-Lease Act was designed to[A] help the British.[B] strengthen the national defense of the United States.[C] promote the Atlantic Charter.[D] avenge Pearl Harbor.3.American Policy during the years 1935-1936 may be described as being[A] watchful.[B] isolationist.[C] peaceful.[D] indifferent.4.The Neutrality Act of 1939[A] permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations.[B] antagonized Japan.[C] permitted the British to trade only with the Allies.[D] led to Lend-Lease Act.5.We entered the war against Germany[A] because Germany declared war.[B] because Japan was an ally of Germany.[C] after Germany had signed the Nazi-soviet Pact.[D] after peaceful efforts had failed.Vocabulary1.Reich 帝国，尤指第二次世界大战前及大战期间的德国2.atrocity 凶残，残暴3.belligerent 好战的，交战国的4.discretion 判断力，自行裁决，谨慎5.empower 赋予……权力6.embargo ;禁运，封港7.quarantine 停船检疫，隔离，封锁，使孤立8.partition 分割，瓜分9.menace 威胁，危险10.repeal 废除，取消11.overage destroyer 旧式驱逐舰12.unprovoked 无缘无故的，非因触犯而发生的13.Neutrality Acts 中立法令14.Munich Pact 慕尼黑公约15.draft act 征兵法16.Lend Lease Act 租借法17.Atlantic Charter 大西洋公约18.Pearl Harbor 珍珠港写作方法与文章大意文章讲述了第三帝国成立，美国由中立到宣战的一段历史。

2015年考研英语二第二篇阅读

2015年考研英语二第二篇阅读摘要：I.引言- 介绍考研英语二的阅读理解第二篇的背景II.考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的主要内容- 讨论第一代大学生在教育成就方面的落后情况- 分析第一代大学生在家庭背景方面的影响- 提出解决第一代大学生问题的建议III.结论- 总结考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的主要观点正文：I.引言考研英语二阅读理解第二篇讨论了第一代大学生在教育成就方面的问题。

文章通过分析第一代大学生在家庭背景方面的影响，以及提出解决第一代大学生问题的建议，为我们提供了深入的思考。

II.考研英语二阅读理解第二篇的主要内容A.讨论第一代大学生在教育成就方面的落后情况文章指出，第一代大学生在教育成就方面普遍落后于其他学生。

这是因为他们通常来自于没有大学学历的家庭，因此在学术环境中缺乏支持和指导。

此外，第一代大学生在进入大学之前，往往没有接受过良好的基础教育，这使得他们在大学的学习中面临更大的挑战。

B.分析第一代大学生在家庭背景方面的影响文章认为，第一代大学生的家庭背景对他们的教育成就产生了很大的影响。

他们往往来自于低收入家庭，父母没有受过高等教育，这使得他们在学习资源和支持方面严重不足。

另一方面，他们的父母可能对高等教育的重要性缺乏认识，无法给予他们足够的指导和鼓励。

C.提出解决第一代大学生问题的建议文章提出，为了解决第一代大学生在教育成就方面的问题，我们需要从多个方面入手。

首先，我们应该加强对他们的学习支持和指导，例如提供更多的学术辅导和资源。

其次，我们应该帮助他们建立良好的学习习惯和自信心，以便更好地适应大学生活。

最后，我们应该加强对家庭背景较差的学生家庭的宣传和教育，使他们认识到高等教育的重要性，并提供更多支持和帮助。

III.结论总的来说，考研英语二阅读理解第二篇通过深入分析第一代大学生在教育成就方面的问题，以及提出解决这些问题的建议，为我们提供了一个重要的视角。

2015年考研英语阅读习题及答案

Passage You're busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say theydeal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of aboutone per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicants lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors(骗⼦); another refers to them asspecial cases. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made byno such people. To avoid outright(彻底的)lies, some job-seekers claim that they attended or were associated with a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that attending means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century-that's when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you don't want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony(假的)diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of non-existent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State University.The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper. 1. The main idea of this passage is that . A)　employers are checking more closely on applicants now B)　lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem C)　college degrees can now be purchased easily D)　employers are no longer interested in college degrees 2. According to the passage, special cases refer to cases where . A)　students attend a school only part-time B)　students never attended a school they listed on their application C)　students purchase false degrees from commercial films D)　students attended a famous school 3. We can infer from the passage that . A)　performance is a better judge of ability that a college degree B)　experience is the best teacher C)　past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees do D)　a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job petition 4. This passage implies that . A)　buying a false degree is not moral B)　personnel officers only consider applicants from famousschools C)　most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school D)　society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications 5. As used in the first line of the second paragraph, the word utter means . A)address B)thorough C)ultimate D)decisive Answer1.B2.C3.D4.D5.C。

2015年考研英语二真题教（学）案答案

2015年考研英语二真题教（学）案答案2015年考研英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。

Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a 1 underground Its a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because theres 2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you. But you wouldnt know it，3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 ：Please dont approach me.What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6 ascreep,We fear weII be 7 We fear weII be disruptive Strangers are inherently 8 to us，so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones.Phones become our security blanket，Wortmannsays.They are our happyglasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesnt 12 so bad. In one 2011experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own, the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, not a single person reported having been snubbed.18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. Its that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C]signall [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C]another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C]plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C]notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterprete [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungreatful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resis [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predictl [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C]In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] Iogical [D] rareSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured peoplescortntlol. Which is it at stress marker. While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. it is men not women. Who report being bappicr at home than at work, Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with childrcn and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why pcoplc who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesnt measure is whether people are still doing work when they re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in makingadjustments for working women, it s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But its not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what theyre supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Pa ragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home[A]was anun realistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske，who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A]Working mothers[B]Childless husbands[C] Childless wives[D]Working fathers23 The blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact thay[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The wordmoola(Line 4，4)most probably means[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C]household tasks are generally more motivating[D]family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades torecruit more of them. This has created a dox in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming inthe journal Psychological Sciense.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students. The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findins are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private university.First generation was defined as not having a parent with a fou r-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal g rant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree Their thesis-that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-gene ration studentsstruggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn therules of the game，and take advantage of college resources, they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages dont talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students educational experience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do not understand how studentslike them can improve26. Recruiting more first-generation students has[A]reduced their d ropout rates[B]narrowed the achievement gao[C] missed its original purpose[D]depressed college students27 The author of the research article are optimistic because[A]the problem is solvable[B]their approach is costless[q the recruiting rate has increased[D]their finding appeal to students28 The study suggests that most first-gene ration students[A]study at private universities[B]are from single-pa rent families[q are in need of financial support[D]have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students[A]a re actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B]can have a potential influence on othe r students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D]are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30.Wemayinfer from the last graph that[A]universities often r~ect the culture of the middle-class[B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C]social class g reatly helps en rich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText3Even in traditional offices，the lingua franca of corporateAmerica has gottenmuch more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago，said Ha rvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn She started spinning off examples.If you and I pa rachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990，we would see much less frequent use of terms like Journey, mission,passion. Therewere goals，there were strategies，there were tives，but we didnt talk about energy；wedidnt talk about passion.Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very team-oriented-and not by coincidence.Lets not forget sDorts-in male-dominated corporate America，its still a big deal. Its not explicitly conscious；its the idea that Im a coach，and youre my team，and were in this togethec. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies，but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.These terms a re also intended to infuse work with meaning-and，as Khurana points out，increase allegiance to the firm.You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，and purpose，saidKhuranaThis new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The mommy wars of the 1990s a re still going on today, prompting arguments about whywomen still canthave it all and books like Sheryl Sandbergs Lean In，whose title has become abuzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，andcapacityare all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But ifyour work isyour passion, youII be more likely to devote yourself to it，even ifthat means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bedBut this seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyone makes fun of it，butmanagers love it，companies depend on it，and regular people willingly absorb itAsNunberg said，You can get people to think its nonsense at the same timethat you buy into it. In a workplace thats fundamentally indiffe rent to your lifeand its meaning office speak can help you figu re out how you relate to yourwork-and how your work defines who you are31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become[A]more e motional[B]more tive[C]less energetic[D]less energetic[E]less strategic32.team-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to[A]historical incidents[B]gender difference[C]sports culture[D]athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to[A]revive historical terms[B]promote company image[C]foster corporate cooperation[D]strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In[A]voices for working women[B]appeals to passionate workaholics[C]triggers dcbates among mommies[D]praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A]Managers admire it but avoid it[B]Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C]Companies find it to be fundamental[D]Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reporled for Jure, along with the drop in the unemployment take to 6 J percent. at good news. And they were right. For now it appearsthe economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was targelyovedookcd. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000（4,4 percent）above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it isdown by 640,000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is yes.they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only elassified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare becanse one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family mrs with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?A. The prospect of a thriving job market.B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.C. The possibility of full employment.D. The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because theyA. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobsB. feel that is enough to make ends meetC. cannot get their hands on full-time jobsD. haven t seen the weakness of the market38. Involuntary part-time employment in the USA. is harder to acquire than one year agoB. shows a general tendency of declineC. satisfies the real need of the joblessD. is lower than before the recession39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, .A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insuranceB. employment is no longer a precondition to get insuranceC. it is still challenging to get insurance for family mrsD. full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses.A. employment in the USB. part-timer classificationC. insurance through MedicaidD. Obamacares troubleSome Old Truths to Help You OvercorneToucgh TimesUefortunately, life is not a bed of roses, We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a rontanticrelatlonshlp of a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time,but you should remr that they wont last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventally move as toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths Ive learned along the way.41.Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor will smith once said, Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice. I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42 .If you are by and43. .Sometimes it is casy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44..No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remr that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people, You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives. Try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and cncouragement.45 .Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining tivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable ofmanaging yourof own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.Section Ⅲ Translation46.Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route thats very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips its easy tolose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we dont have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we cantremr the journey well because we didnt pay much attention to it. So we assume it wasshorter.Section Ⅳ WritingPart A47.Direerions:Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to1)briefly introduce the camp activities, and2)call for volunteers.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name or the name of your university.Do not write your address.(10 points)Part B48.Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, your should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comment.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.2015考研英语二答案完型填空题1 .C signal2 .D much3. C plugged4. A message5. C behind6. A misinterpreted7. B judged8. D unfamiliar9. B anxious10. D turn11.A dangerous12. A hurt13.B conversation14. D passengers15.C predict16. D ride17.A went through18.C in fact19.B since20 B simple阅读题答案Text 1 答案21. D offered greater relaxation than the workplace22. B childless husbands23. A they are both bread winners and housewives24. C earnings25. B division of labor at home is seldom clear-cutText2 答案26. C miss its original purpose27. A the problem is solvable28. C are in need offinancial support29. D are inexperienced in handling issues at college30. D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question Text3 答案31. A more emotional32. C sports culture33.D strengthen employee loyalty34.A voices for working women35. C companies find it to be fundamentalText436. B the increase of voluntary part-time jobs37. C cannot get their hands on full-time jobs38. B shows a general tendency of decline39. B empolyment is no longer a precondition to get insureance40.A阅读新题型41 .D Most of your fearsare unreal42. E Think about the [resent moment43.G There are many things to be grateful for44.A You are not alone45. C Pave your own unique path回想一下这样的经历：开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的道路上。

2015考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案：教育学类(15套)

2015考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案：教育学类(15套)Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was，however，largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22，000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent，and in most cases the dropouts，while not completing the Ph. D. requirement，went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially，but，according to the report，are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.Discussing the study last week，Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated‘bec ause of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to retur n to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.’“The results of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded，“did not support these opinions.”1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.3. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision，but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination，uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program，lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing，a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20，000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. ‘s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. ’s shone in the $ 7，500 to $ 15，000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields，where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries，are still lagging behind other fields.As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus，the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.1.The author states that many educators feel that[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.[B] the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.2.Research has shown that[A] Dropouts are substantial ly below Ph. D. ‘s in financial attainment.[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies.[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.3.Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs.[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.4.After reading the article，one would refrain from concluding that[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.[B] a Ph. D. dropout，by and large，does not have what it takes to learn the degree.[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.[D] Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.5.It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.[B] academic requirement too high.[C] salary for dropouts too high.[D] 1000 positions.答案详解1. A. 许多教育工作者感到应采取步骤让辍学者回校学习，特别是有些学科。