非谓语动词之动词不定式

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非谓语之动词不定式用法详解

动词不定式的用法二、动词不定式充当的句子成分不定式具有名词、动词、形容词和副词的特性，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。

（一）、作主语：1、不定式作主语多表示具体的、一次性的动作；动名词作主语多表示经常性的、习惯性的动作。

如：To swim today is a good idea Eating too much is bad for your health.2、不定式作主语时，常可以用it 作形式主语，而将真正的不定式主语后置。

但要熟记以下使用动名词作主语的句型：常用动名词作主语的句型有：It is/was +There is/was +更糟糕的）注意：There is no need for sb to do sth.2. 一般情况下，不定式作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。

如：To see is to believe.3. 当主语为不定式时，表语也用不定式来表示一致性。

如：To see is to believe.（二）、作宾语1、不定式作宾语通常表示具体的、一次性的动作。

如：Tom likes playing football, but he likes to play basketball today.但需要牢记以下的动词只使用v-ing 为宾语：avoid, miss, delay / postpone, suggest / advise, finish, practice, enjoy/appreciate, imagine, resist, admit, deny, envy, escape / envy, risk, pardon / excuse, keep / keep on, stand, mind;有些动词后面只能接不定式作宾语,如：decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, manage, refuse, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help, wait, happen, afford, fail, threaten;有些动词短语后面也只能接动名词作宾语,如：lead to, get down to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to，be addicted to, adjust/adapt to, devote to，object to，get to/be used to（习惯于），prefer…to…, can't stand（忍不住），give up，insist on，keep（on），put off，be worth，be/keep busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem（in），feel/look/seem like，set about，depend on，prevent sb. from，succeed in, thank you for, apologize for；有些动词后面既可以接不定式作宾语，又可以接动名词作宾语，如：continue，begin，start，prefer，like，love，hate，forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try，need, require, want 等。

初中英语非谓语动词——动词不定式

一对一个性化讲义本次课课堂教学内容一、动词不定式的构成及句法功能1.动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形。

有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身没有意义，动词不定式的否定形式是“not（+to）+动词原形”。

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语或状语。

2.动词不定式的句法功能（1）不定式作主语用作主语的动词不定式通常表示一种具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

当作主语的不定式（短语）较长时，用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末。

例：To learn English well is not easy.学好英语不容易It is important for students to learn English well.学好英语对学生们来说是重要的。

（2）不定式作宾语有些及物动词后用不定式作宾语，常见的这类及物动词有：begin、choose、continue、decide、expect、fail、forget、hate、help、hope、learn、manage、mean、need、offer、plan、prefer、pretend、promise、refuse、try、wait、want、wish、determine、dare、attempt、afford、agree、start、like。

例：She promised to come at nine o’clock.她答应九点来的。

如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。

例：I found it important to get up early in the morning.我发现早上早起很重要。

（3）不定式作定语①不定式有时起形容词的作用，修饰名词、代词，在句中作定语。

不定式作定语时，它的位置是在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。

初中英语语法课件-非谓语动词之动词不定式的用法

“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语可转换为宾语从句。 Can you tell me where to get the book？＝Can you tell me where I can get the book? 你能告诉我哪里能得到这本书吗？
THE END
一些感官动词和使役动词要用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：这些动词有一感(feel) 二听(hear, listen to) 三让(let, make, have) 四看(look at, see, watch, notice) 注：变被动语态时必须加上to
5. 作定语
动词不定式作定语时，应放在所修饰词的后面，它与被修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多家庭作业要做。
动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
My father asked me not to read in bed. 我爸爸告诉我不要在床上读书。 My job is to drive them to school every day. 我的工作是每天开车把他们送去学校。
初中英语语法
非谓语动词之动词不定式
作为非谓语动词的一种，动词不定式是我们英语学习中的重点以及难点！
动词不定式的构成动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如： to study, to play，to eat 动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍保留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如： to study hard, to play table tennis

非谓语动词之动词不定式

四、动词不定式用作宾语补足语。
常见的动词有：
ask, tell, get, want, like, hate, prefer; （1）se老e, 师hea叫r,我wa们tc努h, 力no学tic习e, 英fee语l; 。
Tmhaektee,alceht,erhealspked us __to___ __w_o_r_k__ __h_a_r_d__ at English.
3）老师教我们怎样学习英语。 The teacher teaches us __h_o_w__ __t_o___ __l_e_a_rn__ English.
4）你能决定到哪里去？ Can you decide __w_h_e_r_e__ ___t_o___ ___g_o____?
特殊疑问词 + 动词不定式结构实际上是宾语从句的简化。由复合句向简单句转化。 1. Can you tell me when we will start?
tell, show, teach, decide, learn等动词常用一个带连接词的不定式作宾语。
1）你能告诉我什么时候出发？ Can you tell me __w_h_e_n___ ___to_____ __st_a_r_t ___?
2）她教我们如何种植树木。 She showed us __h_o_w__ __t_o__ __p_la_n_t the trees.
（1）我看见她关门。
I sawsheiemsb__d_o_c_sl_oth_se___ t看he见do某or. 人做某事
（4）ha我te更sb喜to欢do你s关th 电视讨。厌某人做某事 Ipprreeffeerrsybotuo_d_ot_os_t_h_ 更_t_u加_r_n喜__欢_ _某_o_人f_f_做_ 某th事e TV.

非谓语动词中的动词不定式

非谓语动词中的动词不定式非谓语动词中的动词不定式非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的特点，还可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。

以下是我细心整理的非谓语动词中的动词不定式，欢送大家共享。

动词不定式的形式为(to)+do/be done，其中to有时要省略。

通常所说的“动词原形”其实质就是不带to的不定式形式。

不定式具知名词、形容词和副词的性质。

它的否认形式为not+(to)do/be done。

一、不定式的时态性不定式从时态角度讲，具体形式分为一般式、进展式和完成式，是以不定式动作与谓语动词发生的时间的比较确定的。

具体状况如下：1、一般式不定式的一般式所表示的不定式动词与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。

【例句】Tom plans to take part in the postgraduate entrance exams.汤姆打算要考研。

2、进展式不定式的进展式表示与谓语动词动作同时发生。

【例句】Tom pretended to be fully sleeping.汤姆装作睡得很沉。

3、完成式不定式的完成式表示发生于谓语动词动作之前。

【例句】Tom is pleased to have met his friend who has not kept intouch for many years.汤姆很兴奋能遇上他多年未联系的伴侣。

二、不定式的句子成分属性不定式如其他非谓语动词一样可以充当多种句子成分，包括主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语以及状语。

1、作主语【例句】To accomplish the budget in a month is impossible.在一个月内完成预算是不行能的。

2、作表语【例句】My wife’s task is to take charge of loveliness.我老婆的'任务是负责”得意”。

3、作宾语1〕假设谓语动词为find,want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agr ee,promise,prefer时，不定式〔宾语〕后面存在宾语补足语成分，要用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语〔不定式〕后置于句尾，放在宾语补足语后面。

非谓语动词之动词不定式

14非谓语动词之动词不定式一、动词不定式的类型两种表现形式：一种是“to+动词原形”，另一种是“疑问词+to+动词原形”二、动词不定式的句法功能1.动词不定式作主语To learn a foreign language is not easy.2.动词不定式作表语Her job is to look after the children.3.动词不定式作宾语He wants to buy some stamps.4.动词不定式作宾语补足语The doctor told me to have a rest.5.动词不定式作定语I want something to eat.6.动词不定式作状语Yesterday they came to visit us.三、动词不定式的时态和语态1. 一般式：to do 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语的动作之后，或同时发生。

I want to visit my teacher.(表示之后)I believe him to be a good student.（表示同时）2. 完成式：to have done 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语的动作之前。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.3. 进行式：to be doing 表示不定式的动作与谓语的动作同时进行.He seems to be worrying about it.4. 被动语态：to be done 表示被动关系The sick man will need to be taken to a hospital.四、动词不定式的重点与难点1. 疑问词+to+动词原形1）该句型常可与宾语从句互换。

I don’t know what to do.=I don’t know what I should do.2）疑问词在不定式中充当成分时，疑问代词作宾语，疑问副词作状语。

非谓语动词之动词不定式

非谓语动词之动词不定式一、动词不定式表目的，如：I went to the post office to mail a letter.注意：强调动词不定式表示目的时，动词不定式可用in order to或so as to + 动词原形。

so as to不用于句首。

1：（2011四川，11）Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly. (keep)Simon做了一个大竹箱为了养这只生病的小鸟直到它会飞为止。

2：（2011重庆，29）More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced food safety. (raise)在政府官员看来，我们应该制作更多的电视节目来引起人们对食品安全的关注。

3：（要想成为赢家be），you need to give all you have and try your best.4：—why are the students working so hard these days?—(准备即将到来的入学考试prepare)5：With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank (为父亲买些礼物buy)6：I was going along the street (找个地方look) to park when the audient occurred二、某些形容词作表语表示喜、怒、哀、乐时，其后常跟不定式。

如：1、I am so sorry to hear that your mother is ill.2、He was angry (把他一个人留下来leave)3、I’m very glad (在这儿又见到了你meet)4、I’m so sorry (让你等这么长时间keep)5、you were silly (没锁上你的车lock)after you got out of it.6、（2010辽宁，25）We the temple still in its original condition. (astonish)发现寺院仍处于原始的状态，我们感到非常震惊。

非谓语动词-不定式

非谓语动词-不定式一．动词不定式：不定式具有n 、adj、adv的特征,可作除谓语外任何句子成分。

否定式：not to do .（一）主动被动一般式：to do to be done进行式：to be doing /完成式：to have done to have been done完成进行式：to have been doing /例句：1. He seems to know a lot. （to do所表动作与谓语动词同时或之后发生）2. The boy pretended to be working hard. （谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，to be doing所表动作正在发生）3. I happened to have seen the film.（to have done所表动作发生在谓语动词或特定时间之前）4. They are quite happy to have been cooperating harmoniously with us till now.(to have been doing所表动作在谓语动词所表动作之前一直在进行)（二）不定式的句法功能：1. 作主语：常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，多表具体动作，尤指某一次动作。

常用句式有：1) It+be+名词+to do2) It takes sb.+some time+to do3) It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do2. 作表语：具体指某次动作：Your task today is to wash the curtains .3. 作宾语：1) 多为固定搭配：给予、买得起试图、尝试管理、处理假装敢于计划希望意图、打算同意拒绝期望承诺、答应需要教授帮助安排决定失败提供准备选择2) make up one’s mind to dowould like / love to dowould prefer to do ...3) 形式宾语：如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，常见词：+ it +宾补+ to do .Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.to do前有时可与疑问词连用：He gave us some advice on how to learn English.4) 句型：过去常做不得不做应该做愿意做准备、愿意做be sure / glad / happy / afraid +to do be sorry / anxious / eager +to do5) 省略to 的句型：为什么不做？不能做只能做最好做宁愿做而不做4. 作补语：1) 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want wishasktellorder beg permit help advise persuade allowpreparecauseforcecall onwait forinviteencourageexpectforbidgetintendlikelovepreferremindrequireteachwarndepend on此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.2) 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to （主动省略to 被动还原to）：I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.※五看：三让：二听：一感觉：3) 作主语补足语的句型：said reportedsb + be believed considered + to be doneknown found to have been donesupposed thoughtIt is said that he has gone abroad .= He is said to have gone abroad .He was later discovered to have been a spy.4）thinkconsiderbelievesupposefeel ...+ to be 作宾语补足语或主语补足语findimagineproveappointjudge 例：People considered him to be a great leader .He imagines himself to be an able man .5. 作定语：1) 若不定式所修饰词是不定式的地点、工具，不定式后要有相应介词：He didn’t have a house to live in . 若修饰的词为：time、way、place，不定式后省略介词: He didn’t have place to live .2) 若不定式作定语与所修饰词形成被动关系（动宾关系），可用to do 也可用to be done ：Have you got anything to send ? （执行者为句子主语）to be sent ? （执行者是其他人）3) 用不定式作定语的情况：①表将来：The car to be bought is for his sister .②修饰被序数词、最高级或no ，all ，any 限定的中心词且为主动关系：He was the best man to do the job .③用来修饰抽象名词：能力机会主意事实借口承诺答案回复企图信仰方式理由时刻时光☆某些名词的同根词常跟to do ，因而也跟to do ，如：计划提议决定拒绝失败警告焦虑渴望愿望准备就绪例：我没有去观光的机会我不相信他会来访的承诺他没有去那里的计划他没有计划去那里6.作状语：1) 目的状语：He worked day and night to get the money. 若强调目的性，也可加in order to （可在句首）/ so as to（只在句中），此两结构在剧中时，不用都好隔开。

非谓语动词之动词不定式

动词不定式
（在句中可以做谓语以外的其他成分）
I decide to help you.
宾语
动词不定式
My mum asked me to clean the room. 宾补 To learn English well is not difficult. 主语 I have good news to tell you.
定语
My wish is to learn English well. 表语 To learn English well, you must study hard.
状语
动词不定式作主语
不定式短语在句首作主语
To say is one thing and to do is another. 用it作形式主语在很多情况下，人们通常用it作为形式上的主语，而把不定式移到谓语之后，使句子结构显得平稳一些 It + 谓语 + to do
考点四：He had no choice but to sit there as usual.

There is nothing we can do but wait patiently.
作形容词的宾语
句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语
I am sorry to say that he is going from bad to

动词不定式作宾语
作动词的宾语
不定式充当部分及物动词的宾语
不定式可以作介词but和except的宾语
The teacher made no comments except to tell him to work hard.
考点五：He had no choice but to wait.

非谓语动词不定式

非谓语动词--动词不定式（一）形式：1)I plan to attend the meeting.我计划参加这次会议。

2)I am sorry to have kept you waiting.很抱歉让你久等了。

3)They are said to be working hard.据说他们工作得很努力。

4)He is said to have been working in that factory for twelve years.据说他已在那家工厂工作12年了。

5)These clothes are to be washed as soon as possible.6)He is disappointed not to go swimming this afternoon.（二）用法1. To help each other is good.It is good to help each other_____________________________________________2. My job is to drive them to the power station every day.Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.To see is to believe.______________________________________________3. She wishes to be a musician.I am determined to give up smokingI don’t think it right to do it that way._____________________________________________4. Tell the children to play outside.I saw a little girl run across the street_________________________________5. Have you got anything to eat?But she gave up the chance to go abroad.Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night?Is this the best way to help him?__________________________________6. We went there to see our grandparents.I am very sorry to hear that.She hurried home only to find her father dead.To look at the picture, you would like it._____________________________________(三）句型1. It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest.It is very kind of you to help him every day._______________________________________________________________________________________________2.疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式结构，它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语。

非谓语动词——动词不定式

校园英语 / 基础教育非谓语动词——动词不定式甘肃省白银市第八中学/魏立娟在英语中，不能作句子谓语，而是担任其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。

非谓语动词有3种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。

现将动词不定式的用法总结如下：动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时不能带to。

它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但它具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语，它可以有自己的宾语和状语，并和其一起构成不定式短语，不定式的否定形式是在to前加not。

Please tell Tom to come here on time tomorrow.The doctor asked her not to eat too much meat.一、不定式作主语To keep the environment clean is our duty.在日常英语中，特别是当主语较长而谓语较短时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语——动词不定式放在句子后面，避免头重脚轻。

It is good for our health to drink more water every day.二、不定式作宾语常用在及物动词 want，begin，decide，forget，hope，like，learn等的后面。

I want to buy a computer.He decided to give up smoking.不定式后面有宾语补足语时，可用先行词it作形式宾语，把真正的不定式宾语后置。

动词后能接复合宾语的有： think，find， believe， suppose， make等。

由于宾语和宾补有逻辑上的主谓关系，所以有时候将宾语和宾补换成从句的形式。

He found it difficult to learn English well.=He found that it’s difficult to learn English well.三、不定式作宾语补足语1.动词 ask，tell，want，teach，allow等后跟带to的动词不定式作宾补。

非谓语动词(动词不定式和动词-ing形式)

5. 作状语
Walking in the park, I saw a cat. （在公园散步时，我看到了一只猫。）
04
非谓语动词的注意事项
非谓语动词与谓语动词的区别
谓语动词
表示主语执行的动作，是句子的核心部分，有完整的时态和语态变化。
非谓语动词
不是谓语，但表示动作或状态，没有时态和语态变化，但有主动和被动语态。
02
动词不定式
动词不定式的定义
动词不定式是由“to + 动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词形式，可以表示目的、结果、条件等意义。
动词不定式具有动词的特点，但没有主语，也没有时态和语态的变化，因此不能独立作谓语，只能与助动词或情态动词一起构成谓语。
动词不定式的形式
基本形式
to 谓语动词(动词不定式和动词-ing形式)
• 非谓语动词概述 • 动词不定式 • 动词-ing形式 • 非谓语动词的注意事项
01
非谓语动词概述
非谓语动词的定义
总结词
非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语的动词形式，包括动词不定式和动词-ing形式。
VS
详细描述
非谓语动词是英语语法中的一种重要概念，指的是在句子中不作为主要谓语的动词形式。非谓语动词可以表示动作或状态，但与主要谓语不同，它们不构成句子的核心时态或语态。
非谓语动词的时态和语态
要点一
时态
非谓语动词没有时态变化，但可以根据上下文语境判断动作发生的时间。
要点二
语态
非谓语动词有主动和被动两种语态，表示动作的执行者和承受者之间的关系。
非谓语动词在句子中的位置和功能
位置
非谓语动词可以出现在句子的主语、宾语、状语等位置，具体位置根据语境和表达需要而定。

非谓语动词之动词不定式

非谓语动词之动词不定式一.考点点拨考点1.不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态主要有一般时,完成时,进行时和完成进行时He is said to go abroad next week.He is said to have studied abroad a few years ago.He is said to be studying abroadHe is said to have been studying abroad , but I don’t know which country he’s studying.考点2. 不定式的功能不定式可以作主语,宾语,表语,定语,补足语和状语1.不定式作主语,谓语用单数,常用it 作形式主语To say is one thing; to do is another.It is my duty to help others.2.(1)不定式作宾语常有以下动词afford, ask, agree, attempt, aim, bother, choose, decide, desire, demand, expect, fail, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wait, wishHe was agreed to help me with my English(2) 某些动词可以跟两种结构:A: to do sth.B: 动词+宾语+不定式常有以下动词: ask, beg, choose, expect, help, intend, like, love, need, prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish(3) 某些动词可以接两种结构: A: 动词+动名词B: 动词+不定式意义不同.有以下动词: stop, forget, remember, regret, try, go on, mean(4) 不定式作复合宾语的结构: 主语+动词+it+补语+to do3. 不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语,放在修饰的名词或代词的后面,表将来的动作I have lots of homework to do.(2) 与被修饰动词之间有动宾关系时,动词是不及物或所修饰的名词是不定式的地点.工具,需加介词He told me he had no pen to write with.Many people have no room of their own to live in because of the high price.4. 不定式作表语不定式位于系动词的后面,表示一次性,具体的动作Her job at that time was to look after the sick boy.5. 不定式作补语(1) 跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有: ask, tell, invite, get, advise, allow, want, permit, warn, hate, encourage, prefer, expect, order, wish(2) 有些常用以下结构: 动词+to be+形容词, 有以下动词: think, consider, imagine, prove, understand, find, know, suppose6. 不定式作状语(1) 表目的: only to do, in order to , so as to do, so/such… as to…He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.(2) 表出乎意料的结果: only to do(see, find, be told, too … to…)He searched the room only to find nothing.(3) 表示原因, 常与一些表示情绪的形容词I am glad to see you.(4) 用在以下结构: be+性质形容词+不定式有以下形容词:easy, hard, difficult, interesting, heavy, pleasant, light, good, fit, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible 主动表被动The chair is hard to sit on.7. 不定式作插入语如to be honest, to be frank, to tell you the truth, to begin with, to make matters worse考点3: 不定式的省略考点4: 不定式的否定式考点5: 疑问词+动词不定式二. 练习(一)判断下列划线部分在句子中的成分1. To do that implies taking responsibility .2. It has been a pleasure to be able to help you.3. She likes to play with the children.4. We consider it a shame for them to have been so wasteful.5. It had no effect except to make her angry.6. The question of what to use has not been discussed.7. The room was found to be empty.8. The young man was considered to have great promise.9. I’l l leave you to attend the matter.10. He is the teacher to teach us English next term.11. I have nothing to say on this question.12. The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers.13. The whole family went to beach to spend their weekend.14. We shall be very happy to co-operate with you in the project.15. The house is so high and narrow as to resemble a tower.(二).填上词的正确形式1.The patient was made not (eat) oily food after the operation.2.He is always the first one (get) what she promised..3.She seemed (forget) what she promised4.he looked happy (hear)the news.5.Would you be so kind as (lend)me your bicycle?6.I feel greatly honored (welcome)into their society7.(complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.8.He is said (be)to Tibet twice.9.I am glad (allow) (look) around the satellite station.10.(make) a living, he had to work day and night.11.I have some clothes (wash), so I can’t go out now.12.My question is how (get)so many books.13.I found a way (solve) this problem.(三). 完成句子：1. __________（说）is one thing; _________（做）is quite another.2. _______________________（学好一门外语）is not easy.3. It’s good _________________（帮助别人）when they are in trouble.4. I want _________________（和你说句话）.5. I hope ___________________（不久再见到你）.6. My idea is _____________________________（立刻开始工作）.7. Her wish is _______________（上大学）when she finishes middle school.8. Li Ming asked me _________________（和他去游泳）.9. Did you see him ___________________（上.公共汽车）10. You must be hungry. I’ll get you something _________（吃）.11. Is there anyone _________________（照顾这些孩子）?12. She went to the station _________________（接一位美国朋友）.13.My uncle has come to Beijing ________________________（参加一个重要的会议）.14. Please tell me ____________________（怎样念这个词）.15. I haven’t decided ____________________（买哪一件衬衫）.16. The question is _______________________（走哪一条路）.17. She didn’t know _______________________（说什么）.18. Have you decided _______________________ （去哪里）for your holiday?19. They plan ___________（盖）another cinema here next year.20. Please remember ____________ （关）the window before you leave.21. He ___________________ （逼着我做）all the work again.22. The teacher _________________ （告诉我们要注意）what he was doing.23. She __________________ （不允许孩子们玩）in the street.24. I ________________ （不想让你当）a painter.25. I _______________ （看见他上楼）a moment ago.(四). 选择填空1. We’re looking forward _______ the photo exhibition.(A) to visiting (B) to visit (C) to having visited (D) visiting2. -The light in the office is still on. --Oh, I forgot ______.(A) to turn it off (B) turn it off (C) turning it off (D) having turned it off3. How about the two of us ________ a walk down the garden ?(A) to take (B) take (C) taking (D) to be taking4. Charles Babbage is generally considered _______ the first computer.(A) to invent (B) inventing (C) to have invented (D) having invented5. In those days my family didn’t have enough room__________.(A) to live (B) living in (C) to live in (D) living6. He likes _________ , but he doesn’t like _______ today because it is too cold.(A) to swim; to swim (B) swimming; swimming (C) to swim; swimming (D) swimming; to swim7. Since he doesn’t want to accept your advice. It is no use ________ to him again.(A) in talking (B) talking (C) to talk (D) of talk8. We regret ________ that the movie was not worth_________.(A) to say; to see (B) to say; seeing (C) saying; to see (D) saying; to seeing9. He couldn’t open the window, so he tried ________ it.(A) push (B) to push (C) pushed (D) pushing10. She is often heard _______ English aloud in the morning.(A) to read (B) sang (C) to have sung (D) to be reading11. The teacher doesn’t allow _________ in class.(A) smoke (B) to smoke (C) smoking (D) to have a smoke12. Your hair needs________ . You’d better have it ________ tomorrow.(A) to be cut; do (B) cutting; doing (C) to be cut; done (D) cutting; to be done13. ______ in pencil, the letter was difficult________ out.(A) Being written; in making (B) Written; to make(C) Having written; to make (D) Having been written; making14. He has no choice but ________ to see him.(A) to go (B) go (C) going (D) goes15. There was nothing they could do but _______ for a mechanic to arrive.(五).语法填空A study 1 (published) in September suggests there is a 2 (surprise) way to get people 3 (avoid)unhealthy food: change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers 4 (answer) some question s on their personalities and food experiences.“One week late,”Loftus says, “ 5 (feed)the people , we told them to type their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.”Some accounts included on key additional detail .. 6 (tell) that they had got sick after 7 (eat)strawberry ice-cream, the researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured memory through 8 (lead) questions—Who were you with ? How did you feel? By the end of the study, up to 41%of those (give) a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they’d avoid 10 (eat) it.(六写作【写作内容】假如你是某英文报刊的通讯员，请根据下列表格以“”为题，写一篇报道【写作要求】用5个句子介绍所给内容并组成一篇短文。

非谓语动词动词不定式

非谓语动词顾名思义，非谓语动词就是不能作谓语的动词。

包括：不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词。

不定式1.不定式的构成不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。

不定式一般有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式（以do为例）：主动式被动式一般式to do to be done完成式to have done to have been done进行式to be doing /完成进行式to have been doing /1). 不定式的一般式不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。

如：They invited us to go there this summer. 他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。

He stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一边让我通过。

2). 不定式的完成式不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。

如：She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似乎已听说过这件事。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久。

I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to do.我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。

It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.对我来说，在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。

3). 不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。

它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。

非谓语动词--动词不定式

←非谓语动词------动词不定式（1）在英语中，不能做句子谓语，而是担任其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词，非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词（含现在分词和过去分词）。

另外，动名词和现在分词统称为“ing形式”。

←动词不定式←1.定义：动词不定式与动词-ing,过去分词一样，是动词的非谓语形式。

他与动词原形同形，但它的前面一般要带有一个不定式的符号“to”,动词不定式存在不带to的情况。

← 2.不定式的形式：动词不定式有主动、被动两种语态，也有一般式、进行式、完成式等时态：←另外，请注意不定式与原形和现在式的区别(以be, have, go为例)：← 3. 不定式的时态：不定式虽没有人称和数的变化，但所表达的动作仍具有时间先后顺序，即不定式仍有自己的时态。

不定式的时态包括一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。

←1）不定式的一般式：←表示的动作或状态通常发生在主句谓语动作之后或与主句谓语动作同时发生。

←我们想天黑前到家，但结果没有像计划那样。

←We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite turned out as planned.←(to get home发生在want之后)←他已经决定要给她一些钱。

He has decided to give her some money.←看电影时，我听见坐在我后面的那对夫妇一直在小声说话。

←I heard the couple behind me whisper all the time while seeing the film. (whisper与here同时发生)←2）动词不定式的进行式：表示正在进行，与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时进行。

←当我路过的时候，怀特先生和他的妻子碰巧正在吵架。

←Mr. White and his wife happened to be quarreling when I passed by.←当妈妈打开门时，这个女孩假装正在学习。

非谓语动词 -不定式

非谓语动词-不定式原形动词前加to,构成动词不定式。

不定式不作谓语，属非谓语动词。

第一节不定式的时态和语态一不定式的时态 1 时态的构成(1) 一般是的使用范围○1 不定式所示动作或状态与谓语动词所示的动作或状态同时或几乎同时发生或存在，用一般式：I ’m glad to see you.I saw her enter the room just now.○2 不定式所示动作或状态发生在谓语动词所示动作或状态之后，也用一般式： My uncle asked me to see him this summer.I ’m glad to take my younger sister to the countryside. (2) 完成式的使用范围不定式所示动作或状态发生在谓语动词所示动作或状态之前，用完成式： I ’m glad to have seen your mother yesterday.He is said to have written a novel about the Long March(长征). (3) 进行式的使用范围当谓语动词的动作或状态发生时，不等式动词所示动作正在进行时，用进行时： They seemed to be talking about you.You are said to be writing a paper on pollution. 二不定式的被动语态1 被动语态的两种时态不定式被动语态常用于两种时态，一种是一般式被动语态，一种是完成时被动语皇帝下令织这种神奇的布These students want to be sent work in our company.这些学生想要分到我们公司工作(2) 完成式举例：He is said to have been killed. The assistant seemed to have been fired. 2 被动语态的用法在下列情况下不定式要用被动语态：(1) 当句子的主语是这个不定式所示动作的承受者时：The girl is to be taken to the Summer Palace. The book is said to be put into English.(2) 当不定式所修饰的名词是此不等式的逻辑宾语，且句中又无它的逻辑主语时： He wanted the letter to be typed at once.Are you going to the meeting to be held this afternoon?(3) 当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语，且不定式本身又带有一个宾语时： She is too nervous to be told such bad news. I ’m glad to be given a gold ring. (4) 当句子的主语和表语是指同一人（物），不定式修饰这个表语名词，且与这个名词有动宾关系时：He is a man to be trusted. 但也可用主动式：This is a nice place to visit.(5) 不定式作定语，且与所修饰的名词有动宾关系时：The plan to be made is a five-year plan.注意：不定式动作是相关名词的执行者还是承受者，对这个不定式用主动还是被动语态关系很大，试比较下列各组句子:It ’s a good thing to be elected a model worker.被选为模范工人是好事 It ’s a good thing to elect him a model worker.选他当模范工人是好事Have you anything to be done this afternoon?今天下午你有什么事要人做？ Have you anything to do this afternoon?今天下午你有什么事情要自己做？三不定式的主动态代替被动态在下列情况下，不定式可用主动态代替被动态：1 当不定式与最近的名词（代词）有动宾关系，且与句中另一名词（代词）有主谓关系时：He has nothing to eat . I ’ll give you a book to read. I have a lot of papers to type.Would you bring me a bench to sit down? 2 当不定式在“主语+表语（形容词）”结构中作状语，且句中主语是这个不定式的逻辑宾语时：This test is easy to recite.The washing –machine is too expensive for me to buy. 3 当不定式修饰there(here) be 引导的句子中的主语时： There are two tractors to repair.Here is a baby to take care of.当然也可用被动态：There is nothing to fear(to be feared).句中不定式如有逻辑主语，则只用主动语态：There is nothing for us to fear.4 to let, to blame,等不定式一般只用主动语态：The house is to let.房子要出租I’m to blame. 我要受责备的第二节不定式的语法功能一作主语1 直接用作主语：To get to the palace with just a flower is to say “I’m poor.”How to get rid of (清除)these things is a big problem.2 用it代替不定式作形式主语：It’s bad manners to be rude to people.It made us very happy to hear from him.How would it be to start tomorrow?It was decided to bring the matter up at the meeting.已决定把这件事提交会议讨论1，2 两种形式可以互换：It made us very excited to hear of his success.=To hear of his success made us very excited.但如果不定式短语在疑问句或感叹句中作主语，则只能用it作形式主语：To watch the TV play is very interesting.(改为一般问句)Is it very interesting to watch the TV play?To get to the station took me two hours.(特殊问句)How long did it take you to the station?To lose this necklace was a pity.(感叹句)What a pity it was to lose this necklace!二作宾语1 可用不定式直接作宾语的动词want, like, wish, hate, prefer, continue, refuse, mange, try, ask, offer, start, forget, promise, mean, pretend, begin, decide, learn, agree, care, choose, determine,expect, afford等2 需用it代不等式作宾语的动词: find, make, think, consider, feel等：He found it important to study the situation in Russia.This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry工农业to develop very quickly.I thought it impossible to arrive there in half an hour.Do you consider it better not to go. I feel my duty to say that you are wrong.3 不能直接用不定式作宾语的动词：单词know需在不定式前加连接代词或副词：They knew how to weave cloth. I know when to start.We don’t know where to go. They don’t know whether to stay or not.Nobody knew what to do next. Does he know which to take?但why不能用于此句型，不说：I don’t know why to do it.有些动词根据意思的需要，也可在不等式前加连接代词或连接副词：The computer will then tell what to do.I’ve forgot which way to takeThe students of today will have to decide how to use the computers of tomorrow.Everyone wanted to learn how to make silk.You must remember when to begin.4 不能接不定式作宾语的动词：enjoy, finish, suggest, excuse, pardon, give up, avoid,advise, can’t help, delay, escape, miss, imagine, mind, keep, practice, consider等三作宾补1 可接不定式作宾补的动词：（1）love, teach, ask, get, tell, invite, force, oblige, beg, allow, wish, want, like, hate, prefer, expect, encourage, advise, persuade, forbid, lead, trouble,summon, 等。

非谓语动词之动词不定式

非谓语动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式，分词（现在分词和过去分词）和动名词三种。

非谓语动词不能单独在句子中作谓语，不受人称和数的限制，但非谓语动词有动词的特征（表示动作）。

判断句子是否成立1.He to start work.2,I playing with my friends.3.I gone to school in the morning.一，动词不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，有加to 和省略to两种形式，可以在句中作主语，表语，定语，宾语，宾补，状语等成分。

（1）不定式做主语Eg。

To play football is interesting.踢足球是很有趣的。

注意：不定式做主语，整个结构看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，但通常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放于句末，来保持句子的平衡，常见句式有;a.It takes sb. Some time to do sth._____took me twenty minutes ________my English homework. 完成我的英语家庭作业花费了我20分钟的时间。

b.It’s+adj.\n.+to do sth.Eg.____is interesting __________ the English books. 读英语书是很有趣的。

---------is our duty to keep the environment clean and tidy.保持环境干净和整齐是我们的职责。

c.It’s+adj.+for+sb.+to do sth.其中形容词是用来修饰动词不定式的。

Eg。

____’s hard for me ___________English well.学好英语对我来说是很难的。

d.It’s +adj,+of+sb.+to do sth.其中形容词是用来修饰某人的。

Eg. ____’s very kind of you ___________me.帮助我你真是太好了。

非谓语动词-动词不定式

To give up smoking is right. = It is right to give up smoking .
注：在it先行词作主语的句型中，常用for sb. 或of sb. 作不定式的逻辑主语。
1. 如果说明不定式短语是由谁做的，则在不定式前加for sb.常用形容词有：difficult, easy, important, necessary, interesting, (im)possible等。 It is important for us to express our feelings. 对于我们来说，表达我们的情感是很重要的。 It is difficult for us to finish the work in such a short time. 对于我们来说，在这么短的时间完成这项工作是困难的。
He has a lot of books to read. 他有许多书要读。
He is looking for a room to live in.
他正在找一间房子住。
1. 我有一些话说。 I have something to say.
2. 今天早上我什么也没吃。 I had nothing to eat this morning.
作宾补在动词后用不定式作宾补。
1. 大多数及物动词后要用不定式作宾补。这类的动词： ask, want, invite, help, expect, prefer, tell, allow, advise, require等 (及物动词+sb.+to do sth)
She wants Tom to tell her truth. 她想让Tom告诉她真相。
I'm glad to see you.