现在分词短语做状语
现在分词作状语
且和谓语动词同时发生,则用分词 的一般形式. • He was ill and didn’t attend the meeting.
• =Being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting.
• ⑵如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的
动作,这动作一发生,谓语表示的动 作立即发生,也用分词的一般形式. • Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
2. ________the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door.
A. Playing
B. When I was playing
C. Repairing
D. Examining
3. Mother caught the boy ______ in the
可以表示时间原因结果条件行可以表示时间原因结果条件行为方式或伴随动作等
现在分词作状语
-ing分词作状语可以表 示时间、原因、结果、 条件、让步、方式或伴 随情况等。
While Reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书,一边不时地点头。 After having dinner, she went out for a walk. 吃完晚饭,她出去散步。
3). Walking in the street, I saw a tailor’s shop. 时间
When I was walking in the street.
4). His father died, leaving the family even worse off. 结果
现在分词作状语
Grammar 2–1. Filling in the blanks.
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below and rewrite them.
think know sit see leave
1. On_s_e_e_in_g_ her, the king immediately falls in love with her. When the king sees her, he immediately falls in love with her
She picked up the cat and rubbed its head affectionately.
Picking up the cat, she rubbed its head affectionately.
The bear came out of the bushes, showed its teeth and made a lot noise. Showing his teeth and making a loud noise, the bear came out of the bushes.
2) Filling:
Fill in the blanks to finish the following sentences.
Filling:
1. _H_e_a_r_i_n_g_(hear) the sad news, they couldn’t help crying.
2. _B_e_in_g__(be) very angry, she couldn’t go to sleep.
4. European football is played in 80
现在分词短语作状语
现在分词短语作状语一、时间状语1.分词动作一发生,谓语动作紧跟着发生,这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语,其逻辑主语为句中的主语。
常用的动词,如:hear, see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn around, walk等,表示一个极短暂动作。
此种情况可以换作on+动名词,表示相同的意思。
译作"一(刚)……就……"。
此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句,该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示。
如:Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.(= On hearing their teacher's voice… = When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils…)一听到教师的声音,学生们立即停止讲话。
2.谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中,则用when /while+现在分词的一般式,分词的逻辑主语为句中的主语。
此种情况可以用in+动名词的一般式代替。
也可以换作when、while引导的时间状语从句,该从句的谓语动词用进行时态。
如:Don't be careless when /while having an exam. = Don't be careless in having an exam. = Don't be careless when / while you are having an exam. 考试时不要粗心。
注:此结构中,不能用其他连接词替换when或while。
3.分词所表示的动作完成之后,谓语动作才发生,则要现在分词的完成式,即having done 的形式。
分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语。
现在分词短语作状语
现在分词短语作状语现在分词短语作状语是英语中常见的一种短语结构,它通常用来修饰句子中的主句动词,表达时间、原因、条件、方式等意义。
下面是一些例子:1. Walking slowly, he enjoyed the beautiful scenery along the river.(慢慢地走着,他欣赏着河边美丽的风景。
)2. Being a doctor, she has to work long hours every day.(作为一名医生,她每天必须工作很长时间。
)3. Having finished his homework, he went out to play with his friends.(完成了作业后,他和朋友们出去玩了。
)4. Seeing the dark clouds, we decided to postpone our picnic. (看到乌云密布,我们决定推迟野餐计划。
)5. Hearing the news, she burst into tears.(听到消息后,她泪如雨下。
)6. Knowing little about computers, he asked for help from his friend.(对电脑知之甚少,他向朋友求助。
)7. Feeling tired after a long day's work, she went straight to bed. (一天辛苦工作后感到疲惫不堪,她直接上床睡觉了。
)8. Hoping to win the game, they practiced hard every day.(希望赢得比赛,他们每天都刻苦练习。
)以上是一些常见的现在分词短语作状语的例子,它们都能够起到修饰句子、表达含义的作用。
在使用时需要注意语境和语法结构,避免出现歧义或错误。
现在分词短语的用法及例句
现在分词短语的用法及例句现在分词短语是英语中的一种非常常见的语法结构。
它通常由一个现在分词(-ing形式)和它所修饰的动词、名词或代词组成。
现在分词短语可以表示形容词、副词或介词短语的作用,用于修饰主语或谓语,并使句子更加生动、具有描述性和动态。
1. 现在分词作定语现在分词短语作为定语修饰名词或代词时,可以表示一个正在进行的动作或状态。
例句:- The running man is my brother.(奔跑的人是我的兄弟。
)- I saw the blushing girl in the hallway.(我在走廊上看到了脸红的女孩。
)- The singing birds woke me up this morning.(唱着歌的鸟儿今天早晨把我吵醒了。
)2. 现在分词作状语现在分词短语作为状语时,可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式等。
例句:- He watched TV all night, feeling bored.(他整晚都在看电视,感觉无聊。
)(表示原因)- Driving carefully, you can avoid accidents.(开车小心些,你就能避免事故。
)(表示方式)- Being a fluent speaker of English, he can communicate with anyone around the world.(他是一位英语流畅的演讲者,能够与世界各地的人沟通。
)(表示身份)例句:- I found the essay very interesting.(我觉得这篇文章非常有趣。
)- They kept the room clean and tidy.(他们保持房间的清洁整洁。
)现在分词短语可以用来表达各种各样的语法意义,在英语写作中非常常用。
熟练掌握现在分词短语的用法和性质,可以帮助我们更准确地表达自己的想法。
1. 现在分词作条件状语当现在分词短语与 if 或 when 连用时,可以表示一个条件或情况。
现在分词做状语
现在分词做状语现在分词被用作状语。
其实大多数情况下,现在分词和它的关联成分一起作状语,也就是现在分词短语作状语,相当于它对应的状语从句。
大多数情况下,可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾。
例:1.作时间状语Entering the classroom, the students began to read English.一进教室,学生们就开始读英语。
(相当于As soon as/After they entered the classroom)2.作原因状语The girl doesn't feel like eating any food, being ill for a few days.这个女孩不想吃任何食物。
她已经病了几天了。
(相当于Because she has been ill for a few days或Because of her being ill for a few days)3.作条件状语Working hard, he will succeed in passing the English examination.如果他努力学习,他能通过英语考试。
(相当于从句If he works hard)4.作让步状语Being tired after work, he still insists on studying French.下班后很累,他仍然坚持学习法语。
(相当于Though he is tired after work或Though tired after work)5.作结果状语People all over the world sing the song, making it popular.全世界的人都唱这首歌,这使它流行起来。
(相当于so that they make it popular)6.作方式状语Travelling by car , we enjoyed many beautifull places.开车旅行时,我们欣赏了许多美丽的地方。
现在分词作状语有几种形式-有用
(4)表示结果
a. The old man died, leaving nothing but debts.
b. we hurried to school ,finding there were no students in the school.
c. They opened fire, killing one of our patrolmen.
2
Relying on our own efforts, we overcame all the difficulties.
They stood there for an hour ,watching the game.
Don’t just stand there doing nothing.
Judging from his accent, he seemed to be from Hunan province.
=If we judge…
29
Generally speaking, every spy has a contact.
Considering his age, he was helped by the young fellow.
23
注意2:分词作状语时,分词和 句子的主语一定要有逻辑上的主 谓关系
逻辑上的主谓关系即分词的动作 由句子的主语发出或承受.
24
We are sitting here, making notes. make的动作由主语我们 发出
Being scolded by his mother, the boy hung his head. Scold 的动作由the boy承受
27
He entering the office, a letter was found on the ground.
现在分词短语作状语要点总结
现在分词短语作状语要点总结现在分词作状语时,可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步或补充说明等不同含义。
Coming into the room, he found the books. 他一进屋就找到了书。
(时间)Being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting. 因为病了,他没有参加会议。
(原因)Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你努力就会成功。
(条件)The girls went out of the room, laughing and talking, 姑娘们又说又笑地走出房间。
(伴随)He came here running. 他跑着来到这里。
(方式)At he age of three, his mother died, leaving him an orphan. 他三岁时丧母,成了孤儿。
(结果)She went away, walking south. 她离开了,向南方走去。
(补充说明)由以上例句可以看出,分词短语作状语时,若表示时间、条件或原因,通常要放在句首;表示伴随(也可放在句首)、方式、结果或补充说明的分词短语,通常要放在句尾。
现在分词作状语时要注意以下六个要点:1. 现在分词可以与when, while, if ,though等连词一起使用,使状语意义更加明确。
如:Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路要当心。
If falling ill, I’ll stay home taking a good rest. 如果生了病,我要在家好好休息。
Though not understanding French, they had a very good time in Paris this summer. 虽然他们不懂法语,但是,今年夏天他们在巴黎过得很愉快。
2. 现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常应与句子主语保持一致,也就是说句子的主语应是现在分词动作的执行者。
现在分词做状语
语法一:现在分词做状语现在分词(动词的ing 形式)做状语时,通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,且必须与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系;动词的ing形式表示的动作是次要动作。
现在分词可以做时间,条件,结果,让步,方式等状语。
相当于相应的状语从句。
作时间,原因或条件时,通常位于主句前面,作方式,伴随或结果状语时,通常位于主句后面。
如果分词所表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生,用现在分词的一般式。
如果分词动作明显在谓语动词之前发生,用现在分词的完成式。
(having done),在作时间状语的分词前,可加连词while, when,介词after, before, on等。
一. 做伴随状语:分词等于and连接两个动词或分句。
1:The dog came in. It followed its master. =The dog came in, following its master.2:The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.3:They stood there for an hour, watching the game.二.原因状语相当于as, since, because等引起的原因状语从句,常位于句首,句中或句末。
1. He was a brave man. He decided to return to France. = Being a brave man, he decided to return to France.2:Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.3:No t knowing her address, we couldn‟t get in touch with her.4:Being so poor in those days, we couldn‟t afford to send the boy to hospital.5.Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.6. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.三.时间状语,相当于when, while ,as 等引导的时间状语从句,常位于句首或句末。
分词作状语的用法
分词作状语的用法分词作状语是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它可以使句子更加生动而有力。
本文将说明分词作状语的用法及相关注意事项。
一、分词作时间状语分词作时间状语可以表示动作发生的时间或时间先后顺序。
1. 过去分词作时间状语:Having finished his homework, he went out to play.过去分词短语作时间状语,表示主句发生的时间在过去分词的动作发生之后。
2. 现在分词作时间状语:Hearing the news, they were very excited.现在分词短语作时间状语,表示主句发生的时间在现在分词的动作发生之时。
3. 不定式短语作时间状语:To improve his English, he practices speaking every day.不定式短语作时间状语,表示主句发生的时间是为了达到不定式的目的。
二、分词作原因状语分词作原因状语可以表示动作发生的原因或原因结果关系。
1. 过去分词作原因状语:Being tired, she decided to go to bed early.过去分词短语作原因状语,表示主句发生的原因是过去分词的动作。
2. 现在分词作原因状语:Seeing the dark clouds, they decided to bring umbrellas.现在分词短语作原因状语,表示主句发生的原因是现在分词的动作。
3. 不定式短语作原因状语:To save money, he stopped eating out.不定式短语作原因状语,表示主句发生的原因是不定式的目的。
三、分词作条件状语分词作条件状语可以表示动作发生的条件或条件结果关系。
1. 过去分词作条件状语:Given the chance, he would travel around the world.过去分词短语作条件状语,表示主句发生的条件是过去分词的动作。
现在分词短语作伴随状语例句
现在分词短语作伴随状语例句嘿,朋友!让我来给你讲讲现在分词短语作伴随状语的那些事儿!比如说,“She walked along the street, singing happily.” 你看,“singing happily”就是现在分词短语作伴随状语呀,它形象地描绘出了她边走边开心唱歌的样子。
再想想,“He sat on the chair, reading a book.” 这里的“reading a book”不就很好地说明了他坐在椅子上的同时在读书这个动作嘛。
咱换个场景,“The children ran out of the classroom, laughing loudly.” “laughing loudly”把孩子们欢快地跑出去的那种氛围展现得淋漓尽致,对吧?
你说这是不是很神奇?就这么一个小小的现在分词短语,能让整个句子都变得生动起来!
就像画画一样,这个现在分词短语就是那一抹最出彩的颜色,让整个画面都鲜活了。
朋友,现在你是不是对现在分词短语作伴随状语有点感觉啦?反正我觉得这玩意儿太有用啦,能让我们的表达更精彩!。
现在分词做作状语
现在分词做作状语分词作为状语是一种常见的用法,它可以修饰句子的主语、谓语、宾语或整个句子。
根据分词的形式和用法,可以分为以下几种情况:1. 现在分词作主语状语:现在分词可以单独作主语状语,表示伴随动作或状态。
例如:- Swimming is a good way to keep fit. (游泳是保持健康的好方法。
)- Running in the morning is refreshing. (早晨跑步很令人神清气爽。
)2. 现在分词作时间状语:现在分词可以表示时间状况,常用的有while, when, before, after等引导词。
例如:- While studying, he listened to music. (他一边学习,一边听音乐。
)- After finishing his homework, he went out for a walk. (做完作业后,他出去散步了。
)3. 现在分词作原因状语:现在分词可以表示原因或理由。
例如:- Being tired, she went to bed early. (她累了,所以早早上床睡觉了。
)- Having missed the bus, he had to walk home. (他错过了公交车,只能步行回家了。
)4. 现在分词作结果状语:现在分词可以表示结果,常用的情况有so, therefore等引导词。
例如:- He studied hard so as to pass the exam. (他努力学习,以便通过考试。
)- The weather was bad, so they stayed at home. (天气不好,所以他们呆在家里。
)。
现在分词短语作状语的例句
现在分词短语作状语的例句
1. Standing by the window, I can't help but think of the past.
(站在窗边,我不禁想起了过去。
)
2. Seeing your smile, my heart just melts. (看到你的笑容,我的心都化了。
)
3. Walking in the park, she suddenly hears a beautiful melody. (走在公园里,她突然听到一段美妙的旋律。
)
4. Talking with my friends, time flies so fast. (和朋友们聊天时,时间过得好快呀。
)
5. Laughing happily, they enjoy every moment. (开心地笑着,他们享
受着每一刻。
)
6. Crying silently, she feels so down. (默默地哭泣,她感觉好低落啊。
)
7. Looking at the sky, he wonders what the future holds. (望着天空,他想知道未来会有什么。
)
8. Running on the playground, they feel full of energy. (在操场上奔跑,他们觉得充满了活力。
)
9. Sitting alone, I start to daydream. (独自坐着,我开始做白日梦了。
)
我的观点结论就是:现在分词短语作状语能生动形象地表达出各种情境和情绪,让句子更加丰富多彩!。
现在分词做状语
现在分词作状语一.现在分词作状语时的几种形式:二.现在分词短语作状语可以表示时间、伴随、原因、方式、结果、条件等。
1. 作伴随状语时相当于and连接的两个动词或分句。
The dog came in, following its master.= The dog came in. It followed its master.2.作原因状语时相当于as, since, because等引起的原因状语从句,常位于句首。
Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.= Because he was so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.3作时间状语时常位于句首,一般式doing相当于when, while 引导的时间状语从句,完成式having done相当于after引导的时间状语从句。
Hearing the good news, my mother couldn’t help laughing.=When my mother heard the good news, she couldn’t help laughing.Having received his letter, I decided to write back.=After I had received his letter, I decided to write back.4.作条件状语时相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。
Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all. =If I know anything about it, I will tell you all.5.作结果状语时表示结果。
Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children.6.作让步状语时相当于although, though, even if, even though引起的让步状语从句。
现在分词作状语
4.作结果状语 现在分词作结果状语时,通常放在句末,中间用逗号隔 开,表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。 The fire lasted a whole night,causing great damage. 大火持续了一整夜,造成了巨大损失。 [名师点津] 现在分词作结果状语,是随着谓语动词的发 生而产生的自然结果,其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子 所描述的情况,前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果 状语时常表示出乎意料的结果,常用only to do结构其被 动形式为only to be done。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
二、现在分词作状语注意事项 1.现在分词的时态
现在分词作状语时,要注意分词的时间性,是用现在分 词的一般式(doing),还是用完成式(having done)。 (1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,用 分词的一般式。 Walking in the street,I met an old friend of mine. 我正在大街上行走时,遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓 语动词met同时发生)
3.动词ing形式的否定式:not+v.ing;not having+v.ed Not knowing this,he didn't come. 他不知道这件事,所以没来。 Not having made full preparations,we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备,我们把运动会延期了。
Part Ⅱ Grammar——现在分词作状语
[思维导图]
一、现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词(短语)在句中作状语用来修饰谓语动词或整个
句子,表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让 步或伴随状况。
非谓语动词之现在分词作状语
VS
在处理主谓一致问题时,需要注意分 词短语中代词的性别和数,以确保与 主句主语一致。
逻辑关系问题
在使用现在分词作状语时,需要确保其与主句之间的逻辑关系清晰。现在分词描述的动作或状态应与主句的动作或状态有明 确的因果、条件或时间关系。
在写作中,应避免使用冗余的现在分词状语,以免造成句子结构复杂和语义混淆。同时,要确保现在分词与主句之间的连接 词使用得当,以明确表达逻辑关系。
结构独立性
02
03
结构复杂性
现在分词作状语通常与主句结构 紧密相连,而从句则可以独立成 句。
现在分词作状语通常结构简单, 而从句可能会因为包含多个句子 成分而显得复杂。
省略情况
省略频率
现在分词作状语在口语中经常被省略,而从句则相对 较少被省略。
省略条件
现在分词作状语的省略通常需要满足一定的语境条件 ,而从句的省略则需要满足特定的语法规则。
语态
现在分词作状语通常表示主动语态,描述主语主动执 行的动作或状态。
位置
位于句首
现在分词作状语可以位于句首,作为句子的开 头部分。
位于句中
现在分词作状语也可以位于句中,紧跟在主语 之后,作为谓语的补充说明。
位于句末
现在分词作状语还可以位于句末,作为句子的结尾部分。
02 现在分词作状语的用法
时间状语
伴随状语
总结词
表示两个动作同时发生或存在某种关联
详细描述
现在分词短语放在句首,表示与主句动作同 时发生的另一个动作。例如,“Walking along the beach, he felt the warm sand beneath his feet.”(沿着海滩走,他感到 脚下温暖的沙子。)
现在分词短语作状语
现在分词短语作状语
Mice run out of the fields looking for places to hide.
田鼠也到处寻找藏身之处。
looking for places to hide是现在分词短语(现在分词即V-ing)作状语,表伴随。
千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟!
注:伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随着主句发生。
它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。
例如:Ms Wang walked into the classroom, hold ing a book in her hand . 王老师走进教室,手里拿着一本书。
(走进教室的时候,伴随着手里拿一本书)
He sat there ,listening to music.
他坐在那儿,听着音乐。
(坐的动作伴随着听的动作)
精讲精练
例如:He sat there ,listening to music. 他坐在那儿,听着音乐。
He listened to music when he sat there.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
现在分词作状语
一、现在分词短语在句中可以作条件状语,
其逻辑主语须为句中的主语,该短语相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard, you'll succeed. = If you work hard, you'll succeed. 如果你努力工作,你会成功的。
Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.
= If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.如果转向左边,你将找到通向公园的小道。
二、分词短语在句中作让步状语
分词短语在句中作让步状语时,相当于一个让步状语从句,有时分词前可以带有连接词although, whether, even if, even though。
现在分词短语作让步状语,分词的逻辑主语是句中的主语,变成状语从句时,需用主动语态。
Weighing almost one hundred jin the stone was moved by him alone.
= Although the stone weighted almost one hundred jin, it was moved by him alone.
虽然那块石头重将近一百斤,他一个人就把它挪动了。
三、分词短语在句中作结果状语
现在分词短语在句中可以作结果状语,它的逻辑主语便是句中的主语,该短语相当于一个结果状语从句,且用主动语态。
分词短语在句中作结果状语时,通常位于句末,中间有逗号。
有时为了加强语气,就在分词前加thus。
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
= Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus it caused the delay.他们的车遇上交通阻塞,因而耽误了。
四、分词短语在句中表示方式或伴随情况
分词短语表示方式或伴随情况是比较常见的。
它用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。
一般情况下,现在分词所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生,它的逻辑主语就是句中的主语,谓语动词作为主要动作,而现在分词表示一个陪衬动作,它没有相应的状语从句可以转换,但可以用并列句来转换。
过去分词可以说明谓语动作的背景。
过去分词与其逻辑主语之间有动宾关系。
如:
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
The children laughed and talked merrily, and they ran out of the room.
那些孩子们跑出房间,愉快地笑着、说着。
Helped by their teacher, the students finished the task successfully.
在老师的帮助下,学生们成功地完成了任务。
五、现在分词短语作时间状语有以下三种情况:
1.分词动作一发生,谓语动作紧跟着发生,这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语,其逻辑主语为句中的主语。
常用的动词,如:hear, see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn around, walk等,表示一个极短暂动作。
此种情况可以换作on+动名词,表示相同的意思。
译作"一(刚)……就……"。
此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句,该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示。
Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.
(= On hearing their teacher's voice… = When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils…)
一听到教师的声音,学生们立即停止讲话。
2.谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中,则用when /while+现在分词的一般式,分词的逻辑主语为句中的主语。
此种情况可以用in+动名词的一般式代替。
也可以换作when、while引导的时间状语从句,该从句的谓语动词用进行时态。
如:
Don't be careless when /while having an exam. = Don't be careless in having an exam.
= Don't be careless when / while you are having an exam. 考试时不要粗心。
注:此结构中,不能用其他连接词替换when或while。
3.分词所表示的动作完成之后,谓语动作才发生,则要现在分词的完成式,即having done的形式。
分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语。
这种情况可以用after+动名词的一般式表示。
这种情况也可以用after /when引导的时间状语从句来替换,该从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。
如:Having finished his homework the boy was allowed to watch TV play.
After having fi nished his homework, the boy…
After /when he had finished his homework, the boy…
六、现在分词在句中作原因状语
1.分词短语在句中作原因状语时,相当于一个原因状语从句。
与时间状语一样,也要注意分词所表示的动作与谓语动作的先后关系。
当分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时,用分词的一般形式。
此时分词的逻辑主语须是句中的主语。
这样的原因状语可以换成because, as引导的原因状语,该从句谓语动词用一般过去时。
Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.
因为不知道如何解这道物理难题,他求助老师。
= Because he didn't know how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked…help.
2.当分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前,可以用现在分词的完成式在句中作原因状语,其逻辑主语须为句中的主语,该短语的作用相当于一个原因状语从句。
该从句的谓语动词须用完成时。
如:
Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.
= Because we have lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.
因为与那个女孩一起生活了五年,我们都非常了解她。