非谓语动词作宾补考点解析

非谓语动词作宾补考点解析

一、不定式作宾补

不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将来、主动。常用不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。

例：If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on.

如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。

注意：有些动词，如think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。

例：Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.

中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。

在sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。

例：He is thought to have acted foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.

大家都认为他表现得很愚蠢。现在要为他的失业负责的不是别人，而是他自己。

二、分词作宾补

1．现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel), 使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。

例：Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help?

听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？

2．过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel), 使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。

例：Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.

珍妮希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。

注意：使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：

(1)have sth. done＝get sth. done让别人做某事

(2)have sb./sth. doing让……一直做某事；

get sb./sth. doing 使……开始做某事

(3)have sb. do sth.＝get sb. to do sth.让某人做某事

(4)have sb. doing用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。例：Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed.

在开车进城之前，你需要找人洗洗车。