实战口译原文

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第12讲实战口译示范(投资理财专题)

第12讲投资理财专题Passage 1：如何选择理财产品Words and Expressions发行issuance兑现预期收益deliver the promised return本金亏损lose some of the principal; lose money保值增值maintain and increase the value（of assets)具有代客理财性质third-party WMPs in nature被……吓倒be intimidated by…，be deterred by…保本principal-guaranteed性价比更高的投资机会better investment opportunities风险偏好较低with a low risk appetite固定收益类with fixed returns保本承诺promise to guarantee principals到期mature再投资接续invest in new products产品空档期when no products are on sale摊低收益lower returns on capitalPassage 2: 中国影子银行的功与过Words and Expressions影子银行体系shadow banking system金融稳定委员会Financial Stability Board (FSB)信托贷款trust loans; trust lending双轨制方案two-track approach; dual-track solution规避circumvent利率管制restrictions on interest rates钱荒cash crunch; cash squeeze流动性风险liquidity risk期限不匹配，期限错配maturity mismatch银行间市场短期利率short-term interbank rates资金缺口capital shortfall; capital gap信息披露disclosure风险提示risk disclosure; risk prompts; risk statements 不透明opaque利率自由化interest rate liberalization系统性风险systemic risk目前关于中国影子银行体系的规模众说纷纭。

第9讲实战口译笔记示范(能源专题)

第9讲能源专题Passage 1：世界能源新格局正在形成(The changing world energy landscape)Words and Expressions格局landscape自给self-sufficient生物质能biomass energy潮汐能tidal energy重心center of gravity替代能源alternative energy中间阶段intermediate stage主体能源dominant/top/biggest source of energy一次能源消费primary energy use; consumption of primary energy sources摆脱对……的依赖wean sb. off sth.；cut reliance on…：reduce dependence on…Passage 2：中国能源结构的调整Words and Expressions国际能源署署长范德胡芬Maria van der Hoeven，Executive Director of IEA非常规的油气资源unconventional oil and natural gas节能减排技术energy conservation and emission reduction technologies 建筑耗能energy use for buildings耗能大户major consumers of energy海洋温差能ocean thermal energy循环再生be replenished煤层气coalbed methane油页岩oil shale天然气水合物natural gas hydrates近年来，由于经济发展的要求和不断减少的能源资源，世界和中国的能源安全都出现了许多问题，其引发的冲突乃至战争与日俱增。

在这种情况下，可以说今后一个国家未来的命运将取决于对能源的掌控。

第11讲实战口译笔记示范(经贸合作专题)

第11讲经贸合作专题Passage 1：几个自贸区的发展Words and Expressions北美自由贸易区（《北美自由贸易协定》）NAFTA（North American FreeTrade Agreement)三边贸易trilateral trade受益者beneficiary中国-东盟自贸区China-ASEAN Free Trade Area双边贸易额bilateral trade volume上海自由贸易试验区Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone激发经济活力jumpstart the economy; unleash economic vitality 制度红利dividends from institutional reformsPassage 2: 谈谈中国经济的几个问题Words and Expressions人力资源和社会保障部Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security城镇登记失业率registered urban unemployment rate消化过剩产能reduce excess capacity, tackle over-capacity加强节能环保strengthen energy conservation and environ-mental protection 职业生涯规划career planning自主创业start one's own business; be self-employed后顾之忧concern养老care for the old; senior care; elderly care养老保险pension; old-age insurance公立养老院public nursing home; public care home;government-funded seniors' home; retirementhome with public funding朝阳产业nascent industry; new and burgeoning industry; promising industry;be growing and thriving今天，我想就大家关心的热门话题谈谈我的看法。

第14讲实战口译笔记示范(能源专题)

第14讲实战口译英译汉笔记示范（能源专题）Passage 1: Toward a sustainable energy future （寻求可持续能源之路）Words and ExpressionsAvailability供应能力"business as usual" scenario一切照常的情景，假如一切照常primary energy sources一次能源（又称“天然能源”，指直接来自自然界未经过加工转换的能源）per annum每年energy efficiency能源效率abatement减少greenhouse gases (GHGs)温室气体inexhaustible取之不尽，用之不竭reserves储备，储量Passage 2: Energy innovationWords and Expressionsstart-up初创公司energy Information Administration能源信息署department of Energy美国能源部hydrocarbons碳氢化合物spell导致，将为……带来……viable可行的，有效的cost-efficient成本低廉的，具有成本效益的light at the end of the tunnel希望之光，黑暗尽头的光明，曙光unconventional sources非传统能源，非常规能源hydraulic fracturing水力压裂技术horizontal drilling水平钻井技术reverse 扭转frack压裂tight oil致密油tar sands焦油砂temporary reprieve暂时缓解，一时之计reality check审视现状，现状核实frenzy狂热count on指望，依靠silver bullet良方，高招，杀手铜portfolio能源组合，能源结构conserve节约Good morning. It gives me great pleasure to speak at this summit, which gathers 2,500 researchers, entrepreneurs, investors, large companies, start-ups and government officials for three days to discuss energy innovation. //According to projections from the Energy Information Administration of the Department of Energy, the world will see a 47 percent increase in total energy consumption over 2010 levels by 2035, at which point hydrocarbons will make up 79 percent of energy consumption. // This translates to the consumption of 27 percent more oil, 48 percent more gas, and 45 percent more coal in 2035 compared to 2010. Such an outlook spells higher-cost supplies of oil and gas in the future and has intensified the need to find viable, reliable, cost-efficient energy solutions, both for the U.S. and for other countries in the world. //There are many potential solutions on the horizon. But these days many seem to think the light at the end of the energy tunnel is natural gas. The International Energy Agency says global gas production will rise 50 percent by the year 2035; some claim that two-thirds of that growth will come from unconventional sources like shale gas – a market the U.S. completely dominates. // It is claimed that natural gas resources will provide the United States with 100 years of energy thanks to recent technological advancement in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques thatsparked the so-called "shale revolution". Shale gas has grown from about 2 percent of the U.S. natural gas production in 2000 to almost 40 percent now and has reversed the trend of declining gas production numbers. //Will the unconventional sources save our energy future? Geologist David Hughes of the Post Carbon Institute obviously doesn't think so. Hughes finds that unconventional energy is unlikely to accommodate the growing demand if we stick to the current energy consumption pattern, negating the idea that these resources can be counted on as a viable foundation of the energy sector in the long term. // His belief is shared by many other researchers, who strongly believe that the U.S. cannot drill and frack its way to "energy independence". At best, shale gas, tight oil, tar sands, and other unconventional resources only provide a temporary reprieve from having to deal with the real energy problems. //However, this does not mean that natural gas has no role to play in the overall energy mix, but a reality check is needed before the natural gas frenzy spirals out of control. It is simply dangerous to assume that unconventional resources can be counted on heavily in the future, and creating a dependence on natural gas will only serve to prolong the energy issues we currently face. // If unconventional sources are not the only key to our energy independence, what else do we need? My answer to this question is: there is no silver bullet to solve America's or the world's energy problems. There is no magic wand to sweep away all our energy challenges. I've always believed that, in energy, America needs a mixed approach, so diversity is key. // New sources of advanced energy, such as solar and wind, are already part of the portfolio and need continued development. But we must do more. We must create other efficient solutions to generate, store and conserve energy. // Moreover, commitments must be made at the highest level of government to develop policies that will drive cooperation between the public and private sectors. With government, industry and research working together, we have a better chance of advanced energy innovations becoming a reality and creating a more sustainable energy future for generations to come. Thank you. //参考译文：能源创新各位早上好！能在这里发言，我深感荣幸。

第7讲实战口译笔记示范(旅游专题-1)

第7讲旅游论坛口译实践Passage 11、词汇与表达世界旅游组织World Tourism Organization旅游目的地tourist destination同胞compatriot雪域高原snow-covered plateau热带雨林tropical rainforest2、汉语原文：各位来宾，女士们，先生们，大家好：欢迎大家来到本届旅游论坛，共同探讨中国旅游行业的发展。

我们都知道，中国作为世界旅游大国，旅游资源得天独厚，旅游文化博大精深。

根据世界旅游组织预测，到2020年，中国将成为世界第一大旅游目的地，旅游经济将占国民经济的8%，发展空间巨大，潜力无限。

如何加强旅游行业的信息交流，促进旅游事业和相关产业的发展，已经成为一个值得探讨的问题。

／／基于以上原因，我们组织了这样一个有影响力的旅游论坛活动。

我们相信，在各级领导和各界朋友的关心和支持下，一年一度的中国旅游论坛必将对中国旅游业的纵深发展，对壮大民族经济、促进和谐社会发展、繁荣旅游文化事业起到积极的推进作用，它的召开必将受到世人的关注，并成为中国旅游史上的一件大事，／／大家都知道，以旅游业为平台，可以带动商业、本地特色产业和其他行业的同步发展。

在这方面，各国、各地区都已经积累了非常好的经验。

今天，我们也请来了来自海内外的朋友们，包括两岸同胞和港澳同胞，相信在大家的共同关注下，我们可以形成新的想法和措施，让中国的旅游业发展得更好。

／／我们都知道，我国有冰封雪飘的北国，有风景如画的江南，有巍峨的雪域高原，还有令人神往的热带雨林。

我们有长江和黄河，也有令人赞叹不已的少数民族风光。

这些都是非常好的旅游资源。

作为旅游业从业者，我们要利用这些资源推动我们行业的发展，为国家的繁荣富强做出我们的贡献！谢谢大家，祝本次论坛取得圆满成功／／3、参考译文：Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen,Good morning! Today we are gathered here for the opening of this year's tourism forum where we will discuss the development of China's tourism industry. As we all know, China as a major tourist destination boasts unique resources and a profound cultural heritage. The World Tourism Organization estimates that by 2020, China will become the world's top tourist destination, with tourism contributing 8% of its national economy. Given the huge development potential, how we should strengthen information exchange and promote the development of China's tourismindustry and other relevant industries is a topic well worth discussing.This is exactly why we have launched such an influential forum and we believe that with the support from leaders and friends, this annual forum will drive the development of China's tourism industry and contribute to a stronger national economy, greater social harmony and booming cultural activities. The opening of this forum will draw the attention of the world and it will be a major event in China's tourism development.It is well-recognized that a booming tourism industry can boost commercial activities, local industries and other sectors. Countries and regions across the world have accumulated rich experience in this regard. At this year's forum, we have friends from both home and abroad, including compatriots from Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao. We firmly believe that with your support we will come up with new ideas and find new ways to grow.As we all know, China is blessed with rich tourism resources, ranging from the snowy north to the picturesque south, the magnificent snow-covered plateaus to fascinating tropical rainforests, as well as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River and amazing scenery in the areas where the ethnic minorities live. As practitioners, we need to fully tap into those resources to drive the development of China's tourism industry and contribute our fair share to a stronger and a more prosperous China. In closing, I wish this forum a complete success. Thank you!Passage 2：长城景区导游词Words and Expressions世界遗产名录world heritage list蜿蜒盘旋wind its way易守难攻easy to defend but hard to attach城台tower屯兵station troops大家好，今天我就是你们的导游，大家可以叫我小李。

林超伦实战口译

单元1 中英论坛讲话11-00:43It is a real pleasure to be here to open the third meeting of our forum and to be welcoming such a distinguished and influential group of people from both our countries, many of whom are now old friends. The forum aims to represent the strength of the relationship between our two countries outside the political relationship and looking round today it is clear that the relationship is very strong indeed.我很高兴地宣布我们论坛的第三次会议正式开幕,并在这里欢迎来自我们两国高层的、具有影响力的代表们。

我们中的很多人都已经是老朋友了。

论坛是为了体现我们两国这间关系的力量——在政治关系之外的力量。

环视今日会场，显然，我们的关系非常坚固。

It is a sign for me that the forum goes from strength to strength and I believe it is playing a key role in the relations between our two countries as confirmed by the Prime Minister in our call on him this morning. This year, we have taken the theme "The Challenge of Globalization" for our meetings and discussions. This theme has a particular resonance for me.这是一个迹象，表明我们的论坛越来越强大。

第15讲实战口译笔记示范(企业管理)

第15讲实战口译笔记示范（企业管理）Passage 1: Three traits of a successful manager （成功管理者的三大特质）Words and Expressionscoach教练fan forward在失败中吸取教训，在失败中前进entrepreneur创业家mindset思维Oprah Winfrey奥普拉·温弗瑞（美国著名脱口秀主持人）divergent不同的convergent相似的，相近的，趋同的Passage 2: How to be a good corporate citizenWords and Expressionscorporate citizen企业公民solid可靠的retain留住worthwhile cause有价值的事业nonprofit非营利机构或组织animal shelter动物收容所youth soccer league青少年足球联赛increase exposure提高知名度board of directors董事会business expertise经营专长fund-raising筹款usher引导员parking attendant泊车员press release新闻稿media outlet新闻单位，新闻机构Good morning. Today's topic is "corporate citizen". As we know, earning a reputation as a solid company means going beyond selling a good product at a good price and standing behind it. Being a good corporate citizen earns you a reputation as a valuable member of your professional or local community, helping you in a variety of ways, including creating customer loyalty, helping you attract and retain workers and improving the quality of life in the areas where you do business. Here are a few things you can do as a good corporate citizen: //First, develop a plan. You'll improve your image in your community if you create a well-thought-out corporate social responsibility campaign rather than writing a check here or there as charities knock on your door. You can only spend so much of your money doing good deeds, andthere's no crime in choosing worthwhile causes that also maximize your benefits. Meet with your marketing department to create an annual plan that helps you impress your target customers with repeated acts of giving or other good deeds. //Second, work actively with nonprofits. Don't just write a check to a local animal shelter or youth soccer league. Get involved to maximize the good you can do for them and to increase your exposure. Consider serving on a board of directors of a local nonprofit that can benefit from your business expertise. Offer to lend your website developer to a charity to help redo its website. Have your marketing people offer suggestions for nonprofits' fund-raising and event materials. Get involved with their promotion of your business, negotiating contracts that get your banners and links on their websites, or permission to use their logo on your website and packaging. // Third, get your staff involved. In addition to having your staff work with your nonprofit partners on company time, give them a chance to donate time or money. Ask your employees to volunteer at charity events as ushers, parking attendants and registration desk helpers while wearing your company logo. //Lastly, create a public relation campaign. Work with your nonprofits or local media to get coverage for your activities on a regular basis. Send press releases to media outlets where you advertise and have your nonprofit partners send their releases to their contacts. Use your packaging, website and marketing materials to let consumers know that when they buy from you, they support a charity. //参考译文：如何成为优秀的企业公民早上好！今天我要讲的是企业公民这个话题。

实战口译翻译曹润辰

First: In the space of a single generation, relations between the United Kingdom and People’s Republic of China have been transformed. Government to government and business to business links are closer and more varied than ever before. But the most exciting changes have been the links between British and Chinese peoples. Chinese communities have long been existed as respect and cherished presence in British cities.1:在短短一代人的时间内，英国和中华人民共和国之间的关系已经发生了巨大的变化。

政府之间、商界之间的关系从未像今天这样紧密、多元化。

但是，最令人兴奋是英中两国人民之间关系的变化。

华人社区在英国城市中长久以来都受到尊重和珍视。

Second: But today more and more British people are visiting China to see for themselves the new dynamism --- great cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. We are rediscovering Chinese incomparably rich culture heritage as well as immerse the economic potential. The Chinese are rediscovering Britain too. We are delighted to see more and more Chinese people come to Britain each year. Many Chinese people find out about the Britain through modern media like television and internet. 2：但是，如今越来越多的英国人到中国访问，亲眼看看北京、上海、广州这样的大城市的新鲜活力。

实战口译例解

在这里，我将举实例介绍我的笔记方法，以及我如何以笔记与大脑短期记忆互动的方式保证译文的精确度。

由于口译条件的限制，其精确度不能以笔译的尺度衡量，也没有必要这样做。

口译的听众与笔译的读者，需求不同，预期也不同。

由于使用实例讲解，无法把口译要点分门别类地举例。

我将顺着例子讲下去。

讲完之后，各项要点也就都包括其中了。

人脑思维速度极快，一闪而过的念头，解说起来会显得繁杂。

不过，我希望你能在开始时，多一点耐心。

很快你就会发现，我的讲解读起来似乎繁杂，但背后的思路，也就是说一旦使用起来，要明快得多。

开始前，提醒一下，不要忘了笔记是必需和记忆互动的。

二者缺一不可。

以下的实例解说，均以此为基础。

讲话原文Following the 1997 election, in which the Labour Party came to power, the macroeconomic policy framework has been reformed.第一层次：一个箭头，加97，再加"选"，足以帮助短期记忆，说出译文："1997年大选之后"。

第二层次：一个"工"加圆圈，提醒"工"字后面还有话。

另外，一条垂直线体现出第二层与第一层有关联。

此后一个箭头，再加"权"，足以帮助短期记忆，说出译文："工党上台掌权"。

第三层次：一个"M"加圆圈，提醒"M"字后面还有话。

从短期记忆中回顾出"宏观经济框架"。

接着，一条横线体现关联，线后一个"改"字，于是补齐译文："对宏观经济框架进行了改革"。

最后划圈，带横杆，表示本段讲话到此结束。

备注：使用的4个汉字都经过"理顺"。

其中2个是一笔成字。

The aim of this reform is to help provide a framework for improved macroeconomic stability and economic growth.承上启下：一划从上段的"改"字左斜拉下来，接着往右一拐弯。

第7讲实战口译笔记示范(医疗专题-1)

第7讲实战口译笔记示范(医疗专题-1)医疗场景词汇- 患者 - patient- 医生 - doctor- 护士 - nurse- 病房 - ward- 手术 - surgery- 诊所 - clinic- 体检 - medical n- 医疗费用 - medical expenses- 疾病 - disease- 治疗 - treatment- 药物 - n- 检查 - n- 镇痛 - pain relief- 输血 - blood n- 紧急情况 - emergency- 麻醉 - anesthesia常见病例对话对话一医生：您好，有什么不舒服的症状吗？患者：我最近老是头疼，而且晚上还会咳嗽。

医生：好的，请您稍等一下，我会给您做一次全面的身体检查。

对话二医生：您好，请问您是怎么受伤的？患者：我在走路的时候不小心摔了一跤，现在膝盖很疼。

医生：好的，请您先躺下，我会给您进行一次X光检查。

医生建议与患者回应医生：根据检查结果，您的情况并不严重，只是轻微扭伤，请注意休息，多做热敷。

患者：好的，谢谢医生。

医生：同时，我也给您开了一些消炎药和止痛药，请按照剂量服用。

患者：好的，我会按时服药的。

介绍医疗服务医生：我们诊所提供多种医疗服务，包括一般检查、手术和紧急情况处理等。

患者：那如果有手术需要，需要提前预约吗？医生：是的，手术通常需要提前预约，您可以提前到诊所咨询并安排手术时间。

医疗费用与结算方式医生：关于医疗费用，我们通常是在治疗结束后结算，请您带好社保卡和身份证。

患者：好的，我会提前准备好。

医生：如果有需要，我们也提供分期付款的方式进行结算。

患者：明白了，谢谢医生。

实战口译中译英

实战口译Unit21.we are meeting our British friends once again by the beautiful rRver Thames, for our third conference. On behalf of the Chinese delegates,I’d like to thank you our British colleagues for your invitation and your excellent programme. Since last year’s conference, China has undergone yet more changes.2.Although the world economy isn’t doing well, the Chinese economy has continued to grow at a relatively high rate. In the first 9 months, industrial output has grew by 10.3%. The rural economy continues to prosper. There is something else that the Chinese people are happy about. Foreign companies continue to come to China in large numbers.3.Form January to September, 18, 580 foreign direct investment projects were approved, with direct investment worth 49.347 billion dollars, of which 32.2 billion dollars has been utilised. This is an increase of 20.66% on last year. In the first 3 quarters of this year, the Chinese economy grew at a rate of 7.6%.4.Increasing domestic demand is the key to maintaining high growth and a healthy economy. After WTO entry, China will bring its own practices in line with the international market and will open up further.5.We believe that a market as big as 1.3 billion people will provide substantial impetus to the world economy. China will continue its large-scale infrastructure programme,upgrade its industrial equipment and improve agricultural production as well as its processing capability.6.All of the above requires an environment of international cooperation. In the next 10 years, China will import about3,000 billion dollars of equipment, technology and products. That is a massive market with huge commercial opportunities.After WTO entry, weaker industries in China will face serious challenges.7.There are still many problems to be solved in environment, in energy, in water resources, in the reform of the economic system, in the development of the northwes t, and in reducing the gap between the rich and the poor. China has thrown its door wide open, andreached out with open arms, welcoming UK as well as other countries in the world to continue to cooperate for our mutual benefit.The development of a partnership between China and the UK requires a healthy and stable political relationship between the two counties.8.Expanding economic and trade cooperation and cooperation in other fields are conducive to the development of a bilateral political relationship. It is beneficial to the interests of our two peoples. I hope all our friends at this conference will make joint efforts, to continue to contribute to the comprehensive development of the Sino-UK relationship.Unit 41.Our economy is doing really well. The internal mechanism for economic growth has been strengthened. We have, to a large extent, struck the right balance between speed, quality and economic benefit. But it isalso clear to us that there are no countries in the world that can perpetuate an economic boom and high-speed growth. China won't be an exception.2.The achievements of the reform have been there for all to see. But, as the economic climate changes, there are now new problems. These include the reform of the state-owned enterprises, substantial unemployment, the polarization of income, corruption, risks in the financial sector and ecological and environmental damage. All of them require our immediate attention and effective solutions in the shortest time possible.3.Personally, I believe China needs to pay attention to the following areas. One, we must provide guidance more forcefully using economic and legal means in the property development market, restrict blind development in up-market properties, and to promote the construction of economical and practical properties. Two, we must monitor international as well as domestic economic development closely so as to be able to respond quickly.4.Three, we must strengthen the regulation of theautomobile and steel industries, reigning in low-grade repetitive construction and disorderly competition. We need to stop overheating in some sectors from spreading while at the same time encouraging rational elements in our economic growth. This is an issue of maintaining the right balance.5.Whilst we need to regulate the overheating of investment in some sectors, we need to take measures to solve the problem of supply falling further behind demand in others. Four, we need to coordinate our efforts to solve the problem of severe shortages of power supply in some regions. We must improve the management of water resources and seek to reduce water shortages in some regions. At the same time, we must accelerate the reform of water pricing in cities and rural areas.6.Five, we must continue our campaign to have a corruption free government. We are starting with the State Council, to set an example of conduct, to ensure that our government is well co-coordinated, fair and transparent, uncorrupted and highly efficient. Thesemeasures demonstrate our determination to clear the road ahead, the road to economic growth.7.China is still poor. Based on the official poverty threshold of 600 yuan, we still have over 20 million people living in poverty. That's using China's criteria. Based on the UN's threshold of one dollar per person per day, we have over 100 million people living in poverty.8.China's total debt is about 13,000 billion yuan, the equivalent of 1.3 times of our GDP. This is a considerable burden. On the other hand, challenges brought by our WTO entry are also difficult tasks. The financial reform in China must speed up to be ready for international competition. On the whole, I'm optimistic about China achieving over 7% growth a year.Unit 61.Today, I'd like to talk about the financial reform in China. China has achieved a great deal in the Ninth Five-Year Plan, but we still have a lot to do. Given that time is short, I won't try to cover everything, but to putforward a few ideas that I feel quite strongly about, some food for thought.2.After WTO entry, the transition period is not much more than 2 years. China, within this short time, must complete its strategic set-up in preparation for the entry of foreign competitors. We must complete the reform of the wholly state-owned commercial banks, and help qualified commercial banks to seek listings in the stock market. We need to ride the wave of financial globalization.3.In my view, during the Tenth Five-Year Plan,China must break up the handful of wholly state-owned commercial banks into a greater number of share-owned commercial banks. The People's Bank of China will remain the central bank. We should begin to consider allowing the establishment of provincial level banks. Each bank will be an independent legal person.4.China must improve the structural reform of its commercial banks. I particularly want to see better training for managers and improvement in their skills. I would suggest here that we learn from banks indeveloped countries and produce a generation of Chinese managers that know themselves and their competitors equally well.5.I recommend early piloting of comprehensive services, allowing pilot financial institutions to operate in areas common among foreign commercial banks, to offer a wide range of services to customers. The selection of pilot banks must be based on their performance in recent years, their strength, and their success in the financial reform.6.The new business areas may include the launch of new loan products, according to the market principle of supply and demand, so as to meet the requirements of economic and social development. Mortgages over recent years are an excellent example.In addition, banks in developed countries offer insurance and personal investment services. That's also worth considering.7.Linked to this, China must establish the market mechanism for interest on loans as soon as possible, to allow commercial banks to decide on their own floatinginterest rates by taking into account the base rate from the central bank, and their own operations in the market as well as their own interests. This is not just an issue of banking reform. It will greatly improve the services banks offer to consumers, stimulating economic growth.8.We must rationalize our regulatory system.The regulator must have the capacity to regulate comprehensive services. It must also be able to recognize the nature of business of each bank and treat them accordingly. That is to say, the regulator must be able to treat different commercial banks differently. Under the current circumstances, I don't think the wholly state-owned commercial banks are ready for comprehensive services.Unit81.first of all, I would like to welcome you to this presentation. As you know, China has become a member of the WTO. In accordance with the agreement, Chinawill gradually lift its restrictions on the telecommunications infrastructure market and the value-adding market, allowing foreign companies to invest directly in China or to set up joint ventures.2.the telecommunications market in China has enormous potentials. The mobile phone market alone will be worth no less than 150 billion yuan. It is estimated that the telecommunications industry, the telecommunications infrastructure network and user equipment, just the three of them combined, will be worth at least 1,500 billion yuan by 2005. The growth potential of the market can be seen in many ways.3. One, the number of telecommunications users continues to grow. Every year, we need to provide a large amount of user equipment for new users. Not only that, existing users need to upgrade their equipment too. The growth of users in turn requires networks and the infrastructure to expand, upgrade and improve, driving the demand for network equipment and the construction of network-related facilities.4. Two, as telecommunications is a very profitablebusiness, some non-telecommunication companies are also itching to have a piece of the action. Companies in the value-adding and computer network business are particularly keen to enter the telecommunications market. Further liberalization will bring opportunities to these companies. This will make it a new area for foreign investment in the very near future.5.three, telecommunication technology is developing fast. New technology and new equipment are introduced all the time. The international telecommunications manufacturing industry is attracted by relatively high quality and yet cheap labor in China. The manufacturing of telecommunications user equipment and network equipment in China is beginning to show its supremacy. As telecom and network facilities continue to develop and upgrade,there will be numerous opportunities in manufacturing.6.four, after several stages of reform, there are now China Unicom, China Railcom, China Telecom, China Netcom, China Mobile and China Satellite, the six main players. They are all keen to become stronger, keen toattract foreign investment, offering foreign capital a fast-track entry into the Chinese market.7.the telecommunications industry in China has accumulated fast capital for over a decade. It's highly profitable and will provide sufficient finance for joint ventures. In 2005, investment in telecommunications infrastructure and network facilities in China will exceed250 billion yuan. That includes not only new equipment and new facilities, but also the maintenance and repair of existing equipment.8.of course, the lifting of control will take place in stages. But there will be fewer and fewer restrictions. Many people are describing the telecommunications market in China as a goldmine for foreign investment. In the past decade, foreign investment in China's telecommunications market has been richly rewarded. So, I hope you won't hold back any more. When the market is completely open, the best opportunities may have been snatched up by others.。

第10讲实战口译笔记示范(企业管理专题)

第10讲企业管理Passage 1：经济全球化和中国的企业管理战略Words and Expressions国情national condition业务流程再造business process re-engineering 核心能力core competence双刃剑double-edged sword趋利避害pursue interests and avoid risksPassage 2: 管理能力Words and Expressions管理能力managerial competencies专业的岗位上表现突出do a good job in one's professional position首席工程师chief engineer黯淡无光mediocrity专业能力expertise绩效performance评鉴工具assessment tool授权authorize; delegate共识consensus顺从obedient目标设定goal-setting今天我们谈谈管理能力这个话题。

许多企业在提拔员工时，常常会遇到有些员工在专业的岗位上表现非常突出，可是一旦转为管理岗位时，表现就无法尽如人意。

尤其在现在的经营环境下，多数主管均为专业技术背景出身，不少人从光芒万丈的金牌销售或是首席工程师变成黯淡无光的管理阶层。

／／事实上，员工的专业能力与管理能力根本就是两回事，但许多企业人力资源部门或是高级主管在找人担任职业经理人时，往往只有专业能力的实际绩效可供参考，因此，更客观、更科学的管理才能评鉴工具就显得十分必要。

在美国公司里，经理人才能评鉴最大的价值是，通过评析，详细描述经理人的优缺点。

然后，这些经理人就可以好好坐下来，和上司探讨自己的成长和发展。

他们把上司当做自己发展的伙伴。

但是在中国，人才评鉴往往被拿来当做评估工具，成为了解经理人优缺点的方式。

其实这只是评鉴的基本功能，它的最终目的是帮助经理人制定更科学的职业规划。

实战口译单元练习-林超伦(中英对照)

实战口译中译英对照单元1 中英论坛讲话1It is a real pleasure to be here to open the third meeting of our forum and to be welcoming such a distinguished and influential group of people from both our countries, many of whom are now old friends. The forum aims to represent the strength of the relationship between our two countries outside the political relationship and looking round today it is clear that the relationship is very strong indeed.我很高兴地宣布我们论坛的第三次会议正式开幕,并在这里欢迎来自我们两国高层的、具有影响力的代表们。

我们中的很多人都已经是老朋友了。

论坛是为了体现我们两国这间关系的力量——在政治关系之外的力量。

环视今日会场，显然，我们的关系非常坚固。

实战口译-威尔士宴会讲话

实战口译-威尔士宴会讲话Your Exellencies，distinguished guests，my lords，ladies and gentlemen，it is with great pleasure that I welcome you tonight to this magnificent castle. We warmly welcome you and your distinguished delegation to Wales. Wales is a small country compared with China. However，the Welsh people have made a significant contribution to the development of the United Kingdom and to the part the UK has played throughout the world.诸位阁下，贵宾们，勋爵们，女士们，先生们，我非常高兴在这里欢迎各位今晚到这座雄伟的城堡来。

我们热烈欢迎你们和你们尊贵的代表团来访咸尔士。

威尔士与中国相比是个小地方。

但是，威尔士人民对英国的发展作出了重要贡献，在英国的国际角色中也作出了重要的贡献。

Welsh companies make an important cotribution to the United Kingdom economy. Some are represented here this evening. Many already trade with China. Many more would like to do so. This is one aspect of the growing relationship between our two countries. China is a focal point for trade and investment from Wales. Wales' exports to China are valued at over ￡250 million. It's good，but not good enough. I would encourage Welsh companies to do better.威尔士的公司为英国经济作出了重要贡献。

林超伦实战口译FieldInterpretation

unit1 (1)Unit3 (2)Unit5 (3)UNIT 7 (4)Unit 9 (5)Unit 11 (6)Unit 13 (7)Unit 15 (9)Unit 17 (10)Unit 19 (11)Unit 21 (12)Unit 23 (13)Unit 25 (14)Unit 27 (15)Unit 29 (16)UNIT 31 (17)Unit 33 (18)Unit 35 (19)unit11.It is a real pleasure to be here to open the third meeting of our forum and to bewelcoming such a distinguished and influential group of people from both our countries, many of whom are now old friends . The forum aims to represent the strength of the relationship between our two countries outside the political relationship and looking round today it is clear that the relationship is very strong indeed.2.It is s sign for me that the forum goes from strength to strength and I believe it is playing akey role in the relations between our two countries as confirmed by the Prime Minister in our call on him this morning. This year, we have taken the theme “the challenge of Globalization” our meetings and discussions. This theme has a particular resonance for me.3.On 11 September, I, along with a number of world statemen, was in Beijing to discuss chinaand the world in the 21st century. None of us could possibly have known as we debated economic development, environmental change and security issues what was going to happen that day. But many of the speakers warned of the fragility of the world order. It made me realize more clearly than at any other time just how very important “understanding” between the nations of the world is.4.Our forum, and the discussions we will have in the next day and a half, is part of this vitalprocess of understanding. Globalization is a challenge for all of us, both developed and developing countries and we have a lot to share and learn. As globalization increases and asall our countries come to terms with the global reach of many industries, we can, as different nations, work together to understand the issues and effects these developments bring.5.People can only grasp these opportunities. People talking, travelling, exchanging ideas andexperiences. And that is what we are here today to do. Our discussions here will centre around a number of very interesting issues: trade and the environment in the globalisation of the economy , chinese culture facing the world, e-learning and e-commerce, balancing public purposes and commercial interests in the media, and China after WTO to name but a few.6.As far as I can see, joining the WTO presents ha huge chanllenge for China. The requirementsof joining WTO for corporate governance, for transparency and for reliable and enforceable laws. Whilst producing some pain in short term, will no doubt be part of the way in which economic growth can be encouraged and sustained. I personally am much looking forward to my own involvement in the discussions on small and medium sized enterprises.7.China’s decision to embrace t he dynamism of the private sector brings up the role smallfirms can play in achieving rapid growth and innovation. They are, and can be, a significant engine for economic development. Therefore, we have much work to do in our forum. We want to show our Chinese friends how much of a partner the UK can be but also that as a sign of a mature and true relationship, we can afford to be frank and open in our discussions with one another.8.This will be particularly true in the sessions on issues of competitiveness and corporategovernance that will be held tomorrow. We ate building on discussions and relationships that are already well founded and I believe that this forum will take the special role that our meeting plays in the relations between our two countries further forward.Unit31.In the space of a single generation, relations between the UK and the People’s Republic ofChina have been transformed. Government-to-government and business-to-business links are closer and more varied than ever before. But the most exciting changes have been in the links between the British and Chinese peoples. Chinese communities have long existed as a respected and cherished presence in British cities.2.But today , more and more British people are visiting China to see for themselves the newdynamism of great cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. We are re-discovering China’s incomparably rich cultural heritage, as well as its immense economic potential. The Chinese are re-discovering Britain, too. We are delighted to welcome more Chinese visitors to our country each year. Many more Chinese are finding out about Britain through modern media like television and the internet.3.Indeed , there are more Chinese people learning the English language than there are nativespeakers of English in the world today. This growing relationship is measurable, too, in financial terms. British firms now have a huge presence in China, a sign of their confidence in the country and its future. The UK is the largest European investor, and a British company, BP, is investing more capital in China than any other foreign firm. The largest foreign manufacturing investment in Western China is also British.4.The UK is China’s second largest European trading partner. British exports to China last year,at $3.72 billion were up 17% on the year 2000. China’s exports to Britain are at an all-time high. Many Chinese enterprises now regard Britain ‘s flexible and open economy has an ideal launching pad into the wider European market. All this is a far cry from 1972, when the UK and the PRC first exchanged Ambassadors. Then, there were virtually no Chinese student in Britain. Today, there are over 20,000 –one of the largest overseas communities at our universities.5.Then , there were no direct air services between Beijing and London . this year , more than aquarter of a million British tourists will travel to China, then , no serving British Prime Minister or Foreign Secretary had ever visited chan. last year , there were visits from eleven British ministers. The changing nature of international relations requires governments to work ever more closely together for their mutual benefit. In the globalised world economy, the security and prosperity of individual countries often depends on events beyond our borders.6.We are interdependent as well as independent. Challenges such as fighting environmentaldamage ,ensuring global human rights are properly observed, removing barriers to trade and investment , and reducing poverty , have become truly global issues. They loom larger on the agendas of multilateral organizations like the UN, the WTO and ASEM. In the 21st century , bilateral relations between countries will depend on progress on issues like these.7.As two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, our government worktogether on a daily basis on problems affecting every corner of the world. Another change in the relationship between Britain and China has been developments in Hong Kong. I am delighted that Hong Kong has prospered since 1997, and that “one country , two systems”is proving such an effective approach.8.As a signatory of the joint declaration, he UK has an abiding interest in the continuedwell-being of the Special Administration Region. But this is only a part of our wider commitment to China, we are increasing the resources we allocate through our department for international development to poverty reduction in China from 25m this year to 60m by 2004.Unit51.Good morning everybody. And welcome to the launch of our new L50, and to thispresentation . In a way, launch is no longer the correct word. Many of you have already hada chance to get to know the new car in your test drive this morning. So , i will not dwell onthe technical capabilities of this car. What i would like to do is to share with you the thoughts that have gone into developing this new model so that you’ll have a better idea of why it’s such an exciting car to drive.2.I will also talk a bit about what has been happening in our company –the direction we areheading, our strategy, and our ambitions. After that, I’ll talk about some of the major stages in our design and development of this model. After this presentation , We’ll have lunch, which is served in the main conference hall. Our chef has promised a few surpri ses. I ‘m curious as you are about what these might be , but , back to the presentation.3.Our new L50 is the first in a family of new car to be launched this year and in the nextcouples of years. It’s the result of the most ambitious investment in our company’s history-125m, in design and development, in production capabilities, in sales network and in our own people. The investment is base on our understanding of the market and our goal for the future. so what are they then?4.We want to sell 800,000 cars a year for the next 5 years . so far this year, we’ve already sold560,000,and congratulations to those of you that have contributed to this success. This represent nearly 20 % increase over the previous year at a time when the market had declined by nearly 10% .much of the increase sales have come from the commitment and dedication of our dealers and our staff . thank you and well done.5.The launch of this L50 will mark the beginning of a series of launches, giving us a fullrange of new cars, 3-door,5-door, estate, diesel, and from 1 liter all the way up to our luxury2 liter saloon. A convertible and a 4-wheel drive are also in the final design stage. With thisnew family, we’ll be able to compete robustly with any competitor in US, and will be able to take on the EU market too. But products alone are not enough.6.We’ve put substantial amount of money and effort into upgrading our retail operation ,into our dealer network and into our own sales forces. This is built on our in-depth knowledge of our customers, what they want and what they need. It is base on the strength of our brand. If you visit one of our re-branded showrooms, you’ll get a strong impression of our brand and what we stand for. We are taking market shares from our competitors. .we are on target to take even more.7.We believe that the most effective way of getting more customers and growing our businessis by new cars. Not just any new cars. It had to be new cars that re-enforce our brand value.Having test driven the L50, I am sure you will all agree with me that the new L50 is exactly that-an embodiment of performance, safety, and functionality. These are the core elements of our brand value. These are features that have caught the attention of media across Europe. These will be repeated in each and every new member of the family.8.That’s all I’d like to say at this stage. My colleagues will now take you through some of thehighlights in the design and development. This is a short video we produced just before this launch. It is meant to answer some questions, what is the thinking behind this development?How do we translate concepts into a new model? How does our core value influence the thinking of people on the factory floor and in showrooms? Ladies and gentlemen, the new L50.UNIT 71.Traditionally HM Treasury , along with the bank of England ,has been responsible fordeciding all aspects of the UK’S economic and financial policy. Following the 1997 election, in which the Labour Party came to power, the macroeconomic policy framework has been reformed. The aim of this reform is to help provide a framework for improved macroeconomic stability and economic growth.2.I would like to explain the key features of the UK economic policy framework, identify thekey institutions, their leaders and main responsibilities. There are three main institutions.The first is HM Treasury which is responsible for the overall economic framework and forfiscal policy in particular. It is led by the Chancellor, Gordon Brown who is an elected politician.3.He is supported by 4 junior minister with specific responsibilities, who are also electedpolitician . the ministers receive advice from three main source: civil servants, political advisers. And for some specific projects, business leaders also prepare advice. Fiscal policy is decided through two main processes: the budget and the spending review process.4.The budget is presented each spring to parliament. It sets out tax policy for the year. Since1997 there has also been a pre-budget report. This explains progress and suggests some ideas for discussion. Later in the spring budget s decision is made. Spending policy is decided every three years. There are two main elements of spending policy. Both are decided at the same time.5.One , the amount of money which each department receives and two, using this money,targets each department will achieve. For example for the education department a target for how many children pass exams. The second main institution is the bank of England . it is led by someone non-political, at the moment, Eddie George. In 1997 it was given full independent to set interest rates. A committee , which includes a Treasury civil servant , makes the decision.6.The level of interest rates is set in order to achieve a certain rate of inflation. This target isdecided by the chancellor. Therefore although the bank can decide the level of interest rates without any interference, the macroeconomic position is guided by an elected politician who is responsible to the country. The bank also deals in the foreign exchange market.7.Finally, the financial services authority is responsible for monitoring and regulating thefinancial services industry. It has four main aims. One, maintaining confidence in the UK financial system. They supervise stock exchanges . two ,promoting public understanding of the financial system. They help consumers to become informed consumers, so that they can manage their financial affairs more effectively.8.Three , securing the right degree of protection for consumers. They monitor how firms andindividuals are meeting standards. Where serious problems arise they investigate and, if appropriate, discipline or prosecute those that have violated rules, four, helping to reduce financial crime. Their work focuses on three main types of financial crime: money laundrying, fraud, and criminal market misconduct such as insider dealingsUnit 91.Your Excellencies, distinguished guests, my lords, ladies and gentlemen, it is with greatpleasure that I welcome you tonight to this magnificent castle. We warmly welcome you and your distinguished delegation to Wales. Wales is small country compared with China, however , the welsh people have made a significant contribution to the development of the UK and to the part the UK has played throughout the world.2.Welsh companies make an important contribution to the UK economy. Some arerepresented here this evening. Many already trade with China. Mangy more would like to do so. This is one aspect of the growing relationship between our two country. China is a focal point for trade and investment form Wales. Wales’s exports to China are valued at over 25million. It’s good, but not good enough. I would encourage welsh companies to do better.3.I would like also ask you, Mr. chairman, to help increase the awareness of Wales amongChinese companies , particularly among Chinese companies that are considering their first move into Europe. For many years, Wales has been on e of the most popular destinations for foreign investment in Europe , Investors in Wales have brought over 12 billion into the country and contribute to reinvest once established.4.Investors are not limited to US and Europe . many companies from the far east have chosento establish their European operations here. Our welsh development agency has set up an office in China, it demonstrates our commitment to your country. Meanwhile , welsh companies are increasingly focused on outward investment and establishing joint venture with partners in China. China’s accession to the world trade organization will p resent new opportunities for both our economies.5.Developing special relationships with China is something to which we attach greatimportance, not only through trade but in other areas such as science , education, and justice, recently , the welsh science mission visited China, the visit raised Wales’s profile with the Chinese scientific community, it also established an exchange scheme in which welsh scientists will benefit.6.The warm reception the delegation received in China was a clear signal of the highlyproductive relationship which Wales and China have developed. During the visit, we signeda memorandum of understanding with our Chinese counterparts in the scientific community.This will encourage and facilitate greater scientific cooperation between China and Wales. I understand that tomorrow morning , there will be several working group meetings to explore other areas of common interest. I look forward to receiving their report in due course.7.Mr. chairman , as you are aware, there has been contact at ministerial level. Not long ago,we were delighted to receive a visit from his Excellancy Mr. Wen Jiabao. as you know already, his visit was a great success. In return our deputy first minister has just accepted a generous invitation to lead a delegation to China later this year. They will be visiting Beijing ,shanghai , and Guangzhou. They are looking forward to this visit.8.These visitors are clear signals of the highly productive relationship which Wales and Chinahave developed. Judging by the crowd that have gathered here tonight. I am very confident that the relationship will continue to grow. Thank you for taking the time to include a visit to Wales in your busy and demanding program. We are honored by your presence here this evening and would ask you to take back with you the warmest good wishes from the people of Wales and the UK , may I now propose a toast.Unit 111.Welcome to Pfizer- the world’s largest , ,most valuable and fastest –growing pharmaceuticalcompany. Ours is a noble purpose: to he lp realize humanity’s quest for longer , healthier, happier lives. Our mission is to become the world’s most valued company in serving patients, customers, colleagues ,investors, business partners and the communities where we work and live. We now employ 90,000 people worldwide, turning well over 30 billion a year.Spending more than 5 billion a year on research and development. Our products are available in more than 150 countries.2.It all start back in 1849, when Charles Pfizer & company opened as a fine-chemicals business.It was a modest red-brick building in the Williansburg section of Brooklyn , New York. it served as office , laboratory, factory, and ware house .the company’s first product was santonin-a palatable antiparasitic which was an immediate success., for the past 154 years.pfizer has been discovering , developing , manufacturing, and marketing leading prescription medicines for humans and animals and many of the world’s best –known consumer brands.3.Pfizer is built on three pillars: a broad portfolio of human pharmaceuticals meeting essentialmedical needs; a wide range of consumer products aimed at self-care and well-being ; and health products for livestock and companion animals. research and development is the lifeblood of our business. To c ontinue our heritage of innovation , we support the world’s largest privately funded biomedical research organization ,engaging 12.000 scientists and other research colleagues worldwide.4.We currently have nearly 100 new medicines in various stages of development, and areworking on dozens of new uses for our current medicines. Our targets include many of humanity’s most feared illness, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, Alzheimer ’s ,cancer ,HIV/AIDS ,depression and schizophrenia.(精神分裂) pfizer is also a leader In contributing to the development of communities where we live and work.5.We have pioneered numerous initiatives to improve access to medicines including theinternational Trachoma Initiative, (沙眼) aimed at the world ‘s greatest cause of prev entable blindness，and the Diflucan partnership , aimed at HIV/AIDS patients in developing nations.Through the pfizer foundation, we are building with our partners an advanced infectious disease treatment and medical education center in Kampala, Uganda.6.In the US , we sponsor the pfizer for living share card. A program that provide eligible,low-income medicine recipient without prescription drug coverage the opportunity to purchase a 30 –day supply of Pfizer medicine for 15 per prescription. A career with Pfizer is one of the most rewarding choices you can make. Pfizer has been recognized as one of the nation’s best employers and most admired company. We seek talented people from a broad array of disciplines and prize diversity of thought and experience.7.Our company is thoroughly grounded In our values. They begin with a prized personal andorganizational quality-integrity-and end with a shared concern for community. Our values include leadership, innovation, performance, teamwork, customer focus, and request for people. These values guide every decision we make, everywhere we make them, as you can sense by now, these are exciting times for our company.8.We demand of ourselves and others the highest ethical standards, and our products andprocesses will be of the highest quality. We are deeply committed to meeting the needs of our customers. And we constantly focus on customer satisfaction. We play an active role in making every country and community in which we operate a better place to live and work. I hope you will enjoy your visit for the rest of the day, thank you.Unit 131.Standard Chartered is the world’s leading emerging market bank. It employs 29,000 peoplein over 500 offices in more than 50 countries in the Asia pacific Region, south Asia, the middle east, Africa, united kingdom and the Americas. Our global headquarters is in London.The bank serves both consumer and wholesale banking customers. The consumer bank provides credit cards, personal loans, mortgages, deposit taking activity and wealth management services to individuals and medium- sized business.2.The wholesale bank provides services to multinational, regional, and domestic corporate andinstitutional clients in trade finance, cash management, custody , lending, foreign exchange, interest rate management and debt capital markets. Like all companies we are operating in a climate of massive change. We are therefore developing new strategies to ensure that our business keeps abreast of the moves to apply the principles of corporate social responsibility.3.Standard Chartered recognizes its responsibilities to its staff and to the communities inwhich it operates. We believe that with appropriate policies and practices in place we can bea legitimate influence for good by promoting the best standards of socially responsiblebusiness in the developing world. By doing so we hope to stimulate positive change and greater engagement. Standard Charted strives to operate in a manner that meets or exceeds the ethical , legal, commercial, and public expectations of society.4.Our objective is to benefit all of our stakeholders including our shareholders, customers,staff and the communities in which we operate. We strongly support the trend towards delivering shareholder value in a socially, ethically and environmentally responsible manner.We also believe that improved transparency through reporting and improved engagement through dialogue offers clear benefit, not only for society, but also for standard Chartered.5. A responsible organization will be better able to attract and retain its customers, employees,shareholders and suppliers. It will operate with greater cohesion and clearer focus. It will be better able to listen and respond rapidly to changing needs and markets. Responsibility, dialogue ,action and reporting are the key elements in a virtuous circle through which everyone benefits. We are proud to promote our support for corporate social responsibility.6.Standard Chartered offers personal financial solutions relevant to you as an individual . someof these include priority banking, credit care, insurance, personal investment as well as retail services. We treasure building a relationship with you, developing an understanding of your changing financial needs at different stage of your life. Our long heritage of nearly 150 years had enabled us to change with time. Offering quality products by means that are convenient to you.7.Business financial services offer one of the widest range of banking products and services inthe market today. Managing a growing business demands most of you time and energy. That is why working with the right bank can help your business sail more smoothly. Corporate & Institutional banking provides cash management, custody and trade finance services. We offer a one stop risk management solution to our customers-the local corporate, multinational companies, investment and financial institutions, and central banks.8.Corporate & Institutional banking provides cash management , custody and trade financeservices through our strong market networks in Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America. we provide a bridge to these markets for clients form the US and Europe. With 150 years in the emerging markets the bank has unmatched knowledge and understanding of its customers in its markets.Unit 151.Prudential was founded in 1848. As the prudential mutual assurance, the investment andloan association in London. The company grew from a small life assurance company, with a customer base limited to the well-off middle classes, to Britain’s la rgest life company by number of policy-holders. In 1854 prudential opened its industrial department and began to sell ”penny policies” that could be afforded by poorer people.2.The department really began to expand in 1856 when the company pioneered infantileinsurance, allowing parents to insure the lives of children under the age of ten. By keeping statistical records about policy-holders, prudential was able to calculate accurate premium rates and improve the benefits payable on policies. By the turn of the century one third of the population was insured with “ the pru“ .by the mid 1970s, the company started to employ lady clerks and use “ modern “calculator and typewriters.3.By 1900 there were nearly 15,000 agents collecting prudential premiums. Until 1915prudential sold life assurance only. In 1915 the range of business was extended with the opening of the general branch, through which fire, accident, marine and other form of insurance were sold from 1919 onwards. During the 1920s prudential began go expand overseas and agencies were set up all over the world to sell prudential policies.4.In Britain, new policies were introduced for women, family protection and long term savingopportunities. In the post war period the range of prudential’s products change d towards an emphasis on savings, annuities, pensions and family income protection. In the 1970s a number of acquisitions were made and in 1978 prudential corporation was set up as the holding company for the group. The focus on adopting new sales and marketing techniques to promote products dominated the 1980s.5.The sales force was restructured to deal better with customer needs and new channels ofcommunication were opened through telephone sales and independent financial advisers. In 1986, prudential was launch as the new image for prudential corporation, the traditional values of the company presented in a modern forward-looking way, the 1990s saw further diversification of products and methods of communication.6.Sales by telephone and through IFAs have gradually reduced the role of direct sales incustomer’s home. In 1997 Scottish amicable was acquired, strengthening prudential’s position in the IFA sector. The launch of egg in 1998 saw prudential use a new distribution channel, targeting the internet generation. The acquisition of M&G, the fund managers, in 1999 strengthened the Group’s investment portfolio. In recent years prudential has expanded in key markets, principally the US and Asia.7.Prudential corporation Asia has operational business in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand,Indonesia, China , Vietnam, and the Philippines. New business ventures have been established in Japan and Korea in the last year. In the US, Prudential’s subsidiary, Jackson National Life is represented in all states and distributes products through independent agents as well as financial institutions and broker-dealer. The next of the importance of international business can be seen by the fact that over 50% of the group’s sales are international.8.Prudential’s history has been about change and innovation . throughout its history。

第15讲实战口译笔记示范(企业管理)

林超论实战口译

在这里，我将举实例介绍我的笔记方法，以及我如何以笔记与大脑短期记忆互动的方式保证译文的精确度。

由于口译条件的限制，其精确度不能以笔译的尺度衡量，也没有必要这样做。

口译的听众与笔译的读者，需求不同，预期也不同。

由于使用实例讲解，无法把口译要点分门别类地举例。

我将顺着例子讲下去。

讲完之后，各项要点也就都包括其中了。

人脑思维速度极快，一闪而过的念头，解说起来会显得繁杂。

不过，我希望你能在开始时，多一点耐心。

很快你就会发现，我的讲解读起来似乎繁杂，但背后的思路，也就是说一旦使用起来，要明快得多。

开始前，提醒一下，不要忘了笔记是必需和记忆互动的。

二者缺一不可。

以下的实例解说，均以此为基础。

第二层次：一个"工"加圆圈，提醒"工"字后面还有话。

另外，一条垂直线体现出第二层与第一层有关联。

此后一个箭头，再加"权"，足以帮助短期记忆，说出译文："工党上台掌权"。

第三层次：一个"M"加圆圈，提醒"M"字后面还有话。

从短期记忆中回顾出"宏观经济框架"。

接着，一条横线体现关联，线后一个"改"字，于是补齐译文："对宏观经济框架进行了改革"。

最后划圈，带横杆，表示本段讲话到此结束。

备注：使用的4个汉字都经过"理顺"。

其中2个是一笔成字。

The aim of this reform is to help provide a framework for improved macroeconomic stability and economic growth.承上启下：一划从上段的"改"字左斜拉下来，接着往右一拐弯。