第11讲实战口译笔记示范(经贸合作专题)

第11讲经贸合作专题
Passage 1：几个自贸区的发展
Words and Expressions
北美自由贸易区（《北美自由贸易协定》）NAFTA（North American Free
Trade Agreement)
三边贸易trilateral trade
受益者beneficiary
中国-东盟自贸区China-ASEAN Free Trade Area
双边贸易额bilateral trade volume
上海自由贸易试验区Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone
激发经济活力jumpstart the economy; unleash economic vitality 制度红利dividends from institutional reforms
Passage 2: 谈谈中国经济的几个问题
Words and Expressions
人力资源和社会保障部Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security
城镇登记失业率registered urban unemployment rate
消化过剩产能reduce excess capacity, tackle over-capacity
加强节能环保strengthen energy conservation and environ-mental protection 职业生涯规划career planning
自主创业start one's own business; be self-employed
后顾之忧concern
养老care for the old; senior care; elderly care
养老保险pension; old-age insurance
公立养老院public nursing home; public care home;
government-funded seniors' home; retirement
home with public funding
朝阳产业nascent industry; new and burgeoning industry; promising industry;
be growing and thriving
今天，我想就大家关心的热门话题谈谈我的看法。

第一，我想谈谈经济增长速度放缓的问题。

不少人都在问，为什么政府主动调低经济增长速度，其实7 .2％的增速背后有着它的逻辑。

根据人力资源和社会保障部的反复测算，要保证新增就业1000万人、城镇登记失业率在4％左右，需要7.2％的经济增长。

// 主动放缓经济增长步伐有利于腾出更多精力来调整结构，消化过剩产能，加强节能环保，留出可持续发展空间。

过去我国GDP每增长1个百分点，就会拉动大约100万人就业。

经过这几年经济结构的调整，尤其是随着服务业的加快发展，目前大概GDP增长1个百分点，能够拉动130万，甚至150万人就业。

第二，我想谈谈就业这个要紧的问题。

2002年以来，虽然我国在解决就业问题上取得了巨大的成就，但由于人口基数庞大，每年新增劳动力众多，我国就业的供求矛盾一直存在。

今后一个时期，我国每年需就业的城镇劳动力将超过2400万人，但目前每年只能提供大约1200万个就业岗位。

// 高校毕业生就业难问题也十分突出。

今年，我国应届毕业生创下历史新高，达到699万人。

而国内所能提供的岗位缺口很大。

从劳动力市场的实际反应来看，大学生求职成功的机会相对而言越来越小。

“毕业即失业”成了大学毕业生最大的担忧。

我认为，大学生应该做好职业生涯规划，调整好心态，避免“高不成，低不就”的心态。

高校应该为大学生就业牵线搭桥，组织招聘活动，让企业与学生双向选择。

政府也应该鼓励有能力、有魄力、有创意的大学生自主创业。

//
第三，社会保障问题。

当前中国社会最大的后顾之忧是社会保障，而社会保障主要是养老。

现在参加城镇职工养老保险的人数大概是3亿多，但是今年累计有3800万人中断交保险，这反映出我国社保体系存在的问题。

另一方面，我国的养老服务业发展也难以满足社会需求。

// 据了解，在一些大城市，要进公立养老院要排队30年，甚至40年。

养老服务市场的加快发展迫切需要积极引导和扶持。

研究显示，2010年中国老年人市场的需求为1万亿元，到2050年左右将达到5万亿元。

养老产业在中国的发展虽然起步较晚，但却是我国未来经济发展的朝阳产业之一，蕴藏巨大商机，也将成为经济发展的重要助推力。

//
参考译文：
Emerging issues in China's economy
Today I want to share my views on some issues that I believe are of interest to you.
First, about the problem of slowing economic growth. Many people are wondering why the government voluntarily reduced the rate of economic growth. In fact, there are some reasons for achieving a 7.2% growth rate. According to calculations by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, economic growth of 7.2% is needed in order to ensure the creation of 10 million jobs and to keep the registered urban unemployment rate at around 4%. On the other hand,
deliberately slowing the pace of economic growth will help us focus our attention on restructuring, reducing excess capacity, promoting energy conservation and environmental protection and making room for sustainable development. In the past, every one percentage point increase in GDP could create about 1 million jobs. Thanks to the economic restructuring in the past few years, especially with the accelerated development pace of the service sector, every one percentage point of GDP growth can now generate 1.3 million or even 1.5 million jobs.
Secondly, I want to talk about the pressing issue of employment. Though great achievements have been made in resolving the employment issue since 2002, a mismatch of supply and demand persists given the large population base and substantial increases in the number of new job seekers. It is estimated that over 24 million people will need to find a job in the urban areas every year for years on end, but only about 12 million new jobs are on offer each year. Employment for college graduates is a thorny issue. A record number of 6.99 million college students will be graduating this year. In contrast, the number of job openings falls far short of demand. Feedback from the job market shows that college graduates are having a slimmer chance of finding work. "Unemployment immediately upon graduation" has become the biggest concern for young graduates. I think college students need to create a workable career plan and change their mindset. They should avoid the mindset of pursuing high-paying jobs for which they have no qualifications and shunning low-paying jobs. Colleges and universities should organize recruitment events so that potential employers and graduates can have opportunities to know each other and make choices. Government agencies should facilitate new graduates' aspirations to start their own business as long as they are capable and creative and have an enterprising spirit.
The third issue I'd like to touch upon is social security. Currently, social security is the most compelling issue in China. The most important aspect of the issue is caring for the old. Now over 300 million people have joined the urban employees' old-age pension scheme, but this year, a total of 38 million people have stopped paying for old-age insurance. This suggests that the current pension scheme is inadequate. At the same time, the senior care industry in China cannot keep up with the growing demand for senior services. In some big cities, people will have to wait for 30 or even 40 years before a vacancy opens up in a public nursing home. Proper guidance and policy incentives are needed to spur the development of the senior care industry. Research showed that the demand for senior services was valued at 1 trillion yuan in 2010 and it will soar to 5 trillion yuan by 2050. The senior care industry in China may have a late start, but it is growing and thriving. Tremendous business opportunities lie in this industry and it will become an important driver of China's economic growth.。