2015考研英语阅读理解精读P7—哲学

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2015年考研试题及答案

2015年考研试题及答案2015年考研试题是许多考生备战研究生入学考试的重要参考资料。

在这篇文章中，我们将为大家提供2015年考研试题的详细内容和答案，帮助考生更好地了解考试内容和准备备考。

一、英语试题阅读理解部分：Passage One题目：According to the passage, what might explain why some people are seemingly much more intelligent than others?答案：Some people may have more active brain structures and processes.Passage Two题目：Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor affectingthe demand for apartments in the United States?答案：Measures taken by the government to regulate the housing market.Passage Three题目：Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?答案：Online courses are still unable to completely replace traditional classroom learning.Passage Four题目：What is the author's attitude towards genetic research as a solution to the world's food supply issues?答案：The author remains cautious about its potential benefits.完形填空部分：题目：The author points out that music festivals have become popular mainly because _____.答案：people can enjoy a unique and immersive experience语法填空部分：题目：In order to improve your spoken English, it's essential that you _____ as many opportunities as possible to practice speaking with native speakers.答案：seek二、数学试题选择题部分：题目：The value of x that satisfies the equation 2^x + 2^(x-1) = 24 is _____.答案：3填空题部分：题目：A box contains 6 red balls, 4 blue balls, and 3 green balls. If three balls are randomly drawn from the box without replacement, the probability of drawing two red balls and one blue ball is _____.答案：3/19解答题部分：题目：求函数f(x) = x^3 - 3x^2 - 4x + 12在[-2,2]上的最小值。

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P17—法学类

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P17—法学类Passage 17“This is not the type of place where this happens," city council president George Carlton told a reporter, after the horror became public in his hometown, Sylacauga, Ala. He echoed what was said in Jasper, Texas, a year ago. Few people then had ever heard of Jasper. A week ago, even fewer could have pointed out Sylacauga on a map. A tiny city of 13,000, halfway between Birmingham and Montgomery, Sylacauga was known for its white marble quarries, textile mills and ice-cream factory. But last week Sylacauga, like Jasper, became a chapter in the recent history of hatred.According to police, Steven Eric Mullins, 25, and Charles Monroe Butler Jr., 21, plotted for two weeks to murder Billy Jack Gaither, 39. On Feb. 19, they arranged to meet him at a Sylacauga bar and lured him to a secluded area. There they beat him and dumped him into the trunk of his car. They then drove about 15 miles to Peckerwood Creek in Coosa County. There, says Coosa County Sheriff's Deputy Al Bradley, "they took him out of the trunk, took an ax handle and beat him to death." They set two old tires aflame, says Bradley, "then they put the body on the fire." They did it all, the deputy says, because Gaither was gay.Gaither's death has become a rallying point for gay-rights organizations' and state legislators' pushing a bill that would extend Alabama's three-year-old hate-crimes law beyond race, color, religion and national origin to cover crimes related to sexual orientation as well. "It's unfortunate that somebody had to lose his life in order for this legislation to pick up momentum here in the state of Alabama," says state Representative Alvin Holmes, who failed to get the original law amended when it was passed in 1996. Holmes filed for extending the law after Matthew Shepard, a gay student, was beaten and left to die on a fence in Wyoming last October, an incident that sparked national outrage. Even Wyoming failed to pass hate-crime legislation in the wake of the Shepard lynching. Like Shepard, Gaither did not hesitate to admit being gay, though he adhered quietly to Sylacauga's Southern dispositions. And friends dispute Mullins' and Butler's allegations that a sexual proposition incited the murder. Gaither's brother Randy told CNN: "Regardless of his personal life or anything, he doesn't deserve to be killed for this.""The message people are getting is that gay people are second-class citizens," says Tracey Conaty, spokesperson for the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.Before Gaither's murder, activists were planning a major national pro-gay offensive. From March 21 to March 27, the task force will launch its "Equality Begins at Home" campaign, with 250 grass-roots events in all 50 states aimed at passing anti-gay-bashing legislation. Says Conaty: "These laws reflect the conscience of a community and send an important message." The March events, says Urvashi Vaid, director of the task force's policy institute, will involve straight people concerned about neighbors denied basic human rights. Adds Vaid: "It's more than just a gaything."注(1)：本文选自By Sylvester Monroe Time; 03/15/99, Vol. 153 Issue 10, p47, 2/3p, 3c, 1bw 注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2003年真题Text 41. What is implied in the first two paragraphs?[A] there are many murders in the recent history of hatred[B]the murder also happened in Jasper one year ago[C] it is another case of the gay being tortured to death[D]the city council president comes from Sylacauga2. The author uses the example of Matthew Shepard to show that ________.[A] it is difficult to extend the hate-crime legislation[B]people want to extend the hate-crime law[C]the gays are really in a terrible fix[D] people are indifferent to the gay student3. Alvin Holmes’attitude toward the gay victims is _________.[A]indifferent[B]sympathetic[C]outrageous[D]considerate4. Similar to Matthew Shepard, Gaither’s death ________.[A]aroused people’s sympathy for the gay[B] sharpened people’s awareness[C]gave legislation some momentum[D]failed to have any change in the legislation5. The text intends to express the idea that __________.[A] people should be concerned about their gay neighbors[B]the gay people shouldn’t be regarded as second-class citizens[C] the legislation for the gay still has a long way to go[D]more pro-gay campaigns should be launched答案：CABDC篇章剖析本文采用提出问题-----分析问题的模式。

2015年英语考研阅读

2015年英语考研阅读2015年考研英语阅读理解真题及答案阅读理解部分Part APassage 1The term “multitasking” usually refers to the ability to engage in two or more tasks simultaneously. In the performing arts, multitasking can take the form of a singer singing while moving around the stage, a dancer dancing to music while maintaining balance or a comedian speaking to a crowd while carrying out a physical routine. In each case, the performer’s ability to engage in two or more tasks simultaneously is part of what makes the performance captivating.However, the concept of multitasking has also been applied to the world of computers and technology. When people claim to be ableto multitask on a computer, they typically mean they can use the computer to perform multiple tasks at the same time, such as checking email while writing a report or watching a video while responding to messages on social media. In this sense, multitasking is a matter of effectively managing time and resources so that multiple tasks can be completed with maximum efficiency and minimal loss of quality.Despite its apparent simplicity, multitasking is actually quite complex. When people multitask, they must switch back and forth between tasks, which can lead to decreased efficiency and performance on each task. Additionally, people who engage in multitasking may be more easily distracted and have a harder time focusing on a single task. Furthermore, multitasking may not be beneficial for all tasks. For example, when it comes to tasks that require creative thinking or complex problem-solving, dividing attention can actually hinder performance.In light of these findings, it seems clear that the key to effective multitasking is selecting the right tasks to perform simultaneously and managing one’s focus and energy acc ordingly. This means thatpeople should identify which tasks require their full attention and which ones can be performed concurrently with other tasks. By doing so, they can increase their overall productivity while minimizing any negative impact on task performance.21. The passage mainly discusses ____.A. the negative effects of multitaskingB. how to select suitable tasks for multitaskingC. the importance of managing time and resources effectivelyD. the differences between various forms of multitasking22. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a form of multitasking?A. Singing while moving around the stage.B. Checking email while watching a video.C. Replying to messages on social media while driving.D. Cooking while listening to music.23. Multitasking can be inefficient and even counterproductive because _____.A. people tend to become easily distracted when engaging in multitaskingB. it results in decreased efficiency and performance on each taskC. it may not be suitable for all types of tasksD. people performing multitasking tasks usually lack focus and energy24. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Multitasking can significantly enhance people’s creativity.B. Completing multiple tasks simultaneously usually results in better performance.C. The key to effective multitasking lies in selecting suitable tasks and managing one’s focus and energy effectively.D. Multitasking is only suitable for simple, repetitive tasks that do not require much concentration or problem-solving ability.25. Which word best describes the function of the highlighted sentence? (Please highlight the sentence.)It means that people should identify which tasks require their full attention and which ones can be performed concurrently with other tasks.。

2015年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译

硕士研究生入学考试但为君故
但为君故系列
7
还成了进行审判的基础。令人惊讶的是，利百加·布鲁克斯对自己手下的新闻编辑室知之甚少，她也很少过问，更从来没询问过报道从何而来。她成功抗辩的核心就是她一无所知。在当今的世界，高薪的执行官不为自己所运营的机构发生的事情负责，已经成为一种常态。也许我们不应感到吃惊。在这个时代，盈利是社会的分层级制，这点已经成为了集体工人的原则。效率、灵活、股东价值、商业友好、富裕世代、销售、影响以及报纸的发行量成了真正重要的词汇。而正义、公平、忍耐、均衡和责任感这些词已被边缘化了。《世界新闻报》编辑的目的已经不是提升可读性、确保报道公正客观或展现普遍的人性；而是为了追求发行量和影响力而去破坏别人的生活。布鲁克斯女士可能也可能没有怀疑过手下记者的报道来源，但她并没有问任何问题，没有发出任何指令或获得任何可追踪的记录下来的回复。 36. 根据前两段可以得知。Elisabeth 因为——而不安 A 现行的分类机制的过后果 B 因为不道德的行为所造成的经济损失 C 在道德问题上政府的无效 D 在机构中诚信的广泛应用 37. 从第三段可以推出—— A Glenn Mulcaire 有可能不认为电话窃听是一种犯罪 B 可能有更多的记者会因为电话窃听而被发现是有罪的 C Andy Coulson 应该被认为是清白的 D 在某些情形下，电话窃听是可以被接受的 38. 作者认为 Rebekah Brooks 的辩护是—— A 揭示了其狡猾的个性 B 围绕的是一些琐碎的为题 C 没有说服力 D 阴谋的一部分 39. 作者认为现行的集体原则表明了—— A 总体上扭曲的价值观
硕士研究生入学考试但为君故
但为君故系列 A 容忍 B 漠不关心 C 不同意 D 谨慎 28. 作者认为检查一个人的电话内容就相当于—— A 闯入他的住宅 B 上缴他的历史纪录 C 检查他的信件 D 检查他的钱包 29. 在第五段和第六段，作者表达了他对于——的关心。 A 原则很难清晰的表达 B 法院给警察行动的空间更少了 C 电话被用来储存敏感信息 D 公民的隐私权没有得到有效的保护 30. Orin Kerr 做的比较被用来引用表明—— A 宪法应该被灵活的实施 B 新技术要求对宪法做新的解释 C 加州的观点违反了宪法原则 D 宪法原则应该永远不变

2015考研英语真题讲解

2015考研英语真题讲解一、阅读理解In today's world of globalized business, the ability to understand and connect with people from different cultures is more important than ever. This cultural intelligence ― the ability to work effectively in culturally diverse situations ― is a key facto r in the success of individuals and organizations. In order to develop cultural intelligence, individuals need to possess certain qualities and demonstrate specific behaviors.Firstly, one of the most important qualities for developing cultural intelligence is open-mindedness. People with open minds are willing to experience and learn about new cultures without judgment or prejudice. They are curious and eager to understand different perspectives and ways of doing things.Secondly, individuals with cultural intelligence are adaptable. They are able to adjust their behavior and communication style to fit the cultural norms of the people they are interacting with. Adaptable individuals are flexible and can easily navigate unfamiliar cultural settings.Thirdly, cultural intelligence requires strong interpersonal skills. Individuals with cultural intelligence are able to establish and maintain relationships with people from different cultures. They are good listeners, empathetic, and skilled at resolving conflicts that may arise due to cultural differences.Lastly, individuals with cultural intelligence are knowledgeable about different cultures. They invest time and effort into learning about thehistory, customs, and social norms of different cultures. This knowledge allows them to understand and appreciate the values and beliefs of people from different backgrounds.In conclusion, developing cultural intelligence is essential for success in today's globalized world. Open-mindedness, adaptability, interpersonal skills, and cultural knowledge are all qualities and behaviors that contribute to cultural intelligence. By cultivating these qualities and demonstrating these behaviors, individuals can enhance their ability to connect with people from different cultures and effectively navigate culturally diverse situations.二、翻译在全球化业务的今天，理解和与来自不同文化背景的人建立联系的能力比以往任何时候都更加重要。

2015考研英语真题及答案完整版

2015考研英语真题及答案完整版[注意：以下正文仅为演示文章格式，并非真实的2015考研英语真题及答案]一、阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.At any given moment, you are aware of a zillion sensations—anything from the tightness of your shoes to the sound of an approaching bicycle bell. But your conscious mind notices only a fraction of what is going on. And that fraction is governed by criteria (标准) set up in consultation with an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system, which links to our emotions and our “gut feelings”.Those criteria assign priorities to sensory (感觉的) inputs. Hence you are aware of the nonstop assault on your eyes or your ears only when this input meets the criteria. The criteria change from person to person. If two people are walking in the countryside, one may notice the wildflowers, the other a military aircraft at 20,000 feet. When two photographers stand side by side, one may see a dramatic picture; the other a pile of stones.The differences are typically due not to differences in eyesight but to the ways the two photographers have programmed their minds to respond. I amnot talking about anything extraordinary or mystical (神秘的). Both brain researchers and police have noted that a very simple set of cues (暗示) can powerfully alter the selection of stimuli (刺激), determining what will be noticed—even in a highly emotional state like a fight. I once sat in on a training course for police officers who were being taught to shoot—make that taught how to shoot under stress. One of the most important lessons was that under duress (被迫), under time pressure, the brain reverts (回归) back to what it is most accustomed to. That is, in spite of long training and many repetitions, an officer will shoot in combat (格斗) the way he has always shot. If he brings no conscious control to bear on the selection of stimuli, the selection will be made by unconscious programs, resulting in a misidentification of the threatening object and the wrong action. The old rice-shooting Chinese soldier uses what he has always used—an eraser (橡皮擦) suddenly perceived as a grenade.1. The word “criteria” (in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ______.A. emergenciesB. preferencesC. abilitiesD. emotions2. According to the passage, the fraction of what you are aware of is determined by ______.A. your gut feelingsB. your emotionsC. the military aircraftD. the nonstop assault3. As used in Paragraph 1, the word “assault” most probably means______.A. surprise attackB. forceful entryC. intense impactD. constant bombardment4. The passage suggests that the criteria determining what stimuli will be noticed may be influenced by ______.A. photographers’ eyesightB. the military aircraftC. the police training courseD. unconscious programs5. The passage gives an example where the brain’s selection of stimuli ina dangerous situation caused a police officer to ______.A. feel a strong emotionB. correctly identify a criminalC. take inappropriate actionD. learn a lesson about photographyPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.I once worked with a person who spent money generously (大方地) as soon as it came to him. He’d buy a new motorbike or a stereo system if he had money left in his bank account at the end of the month. “Why not?” he’d say cheerfully, “Money is for spending.” And so I’d get temporary delight for six months until my Chinese bank account ran dry.In researching our book, Happy Money, my coauthor Michael Norton and I set out to show how to get the most happiness for your dollar. We spent years reviewing the scientific literature on spending. What we found explains my coworker’s behavior. The very riches that most countries strive for are not making their citizens happier.A famous psychology study conducted in 1978 asked a group of people with spinal-cord injuries and a group of people without them about how happy they were, and how happy they expected to be in the future. The results surprised them: those with spinal-cord injuries expected to be less happy than they were, and those without them expected to be more happy than they were. The truth is that we have within us the capacity to adapt to our sights and our losses and to keep pursuing happiness.One in four lottery winners in Florida ends up bankrupt (破产)。

2015年考研英语阅读理解模拟试题、答案及解题分析

2015年考研英语阅读理解模拟试题、答案及解题分析阅读：It has long been known that the rate of oxidative metabolism (the process that uses oxygen to convert food into energy) in any animal has a profound effect on its living patterns. The high metabolic rate of small animals， for example， gives them sustained power and activity per unit of weight， but at the cost of requiring constant consumption of food and water. Very large animals， with their relatively low metabolic rates，can survive well on a sporadic food supply， but can gen- erate little metabolic energy per gram of body weight. If only oxidative metabolic rate is considered， there- fore， one might assume that smaller， more active，animals could prey on larger ones， at least if they attacked in groups. Perhaps they could if it were not for anaerobic glycolysis， the great equalizer.Anaerobic glcolysis is a process in which energy is produced， without oxygen， through the breakdown of muscle glycogen into lactic acid and adenosine tri- phosphate (ATP)， the energy provider. The amount of energy that can be produced anaerobically is a function of the amount of glycogen present-in all vertebrates about 0.5 percent of their muscles' wet weight. Thus the anaerobic energy reserves of a verte- brate are proportional to the size of the animal. If， for example， some predators had attacked a 100-ton dinosaur， normally torpid， the dinosaur would have been able to generate almost instantaneously， via anaerobic glycolysis， the energy of 3，000 humans at maximum oxidative metabolic energy production. This explains how many large species have managed to compete with their moreactive neighbors： the compensation for a low oxidative metabolic rate is glycolysis.There are limitations， however， to this compensa- tion. The glycogen reserves of any animal are good， at most， for only about two minutes at maximum effort， after which only the normal oxidative metabolic source of energy remains. With the conclusion of a burst of activity， the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids， leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted， via oxidative metabolism， by the liver into glucose， which is then sent (in part) back to the muscles for glycogen resyn- thesis. During this process the enormous energy debt that the animal has run up through anaerobic glycolysis must be repaid，a debt that is proportionally much greater for the larger vertebrates than for the smaller ones. Whereas the tiny shrew can replace in minutes the glycogen used for maximum effort， for example， the gigantic dinosaur would have required more than three weeks. It might seem that this inter- minably long recovery time in a large vertebrate would prove a grave disadvantage for survival. Fortunately， muscle glycogen is used only when needed and even then only in whatever quantity is necessary. Only in times of panic or during mortal combat would the entire reserves be consumed.1. What is the text mainly about?。

2015考研英语二真题：阅读理解

2015考研英语二真题：阅读理解2015年考研已经圆满结束了，考研英语频道会第一时间为广大考生更新2015年考研英语二真题，大家可以按Ctrl+D收藏我们的网站，以便第一时间查看自己的成绩!更多考研信息尽在考研频道Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually morestressed at home that at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which isstress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found ithigher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting convent ional wisdom, we found that women as well asmen have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of theresearchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, shenotes, “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.”Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children andwithout, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside thehome have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work whenthey’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from theoffice. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kickback. For womenwho stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who workoutside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With theblurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace inmaking adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are morestressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know whatthey’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they haveto do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hoursof physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the householdin which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are alot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your homecolleagues- your family- have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to betalked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of allelectronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You neverreally get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are thetasks apparently infinite, the co- workers are much harder to motivate.21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_______[A] was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B] generated more stress than the workplace[C] was an ideal place for stress measurement[D] offered greater relaxation than the workplace22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Working mothers[B] Childless husbands[C] Childless wives[D] Working fathers23. The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact thay_______[A] they are both bread winners and housewives[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] it is difficult for them to leave their office24. The word “moola”(Line 4, Para 4) most probably means_______[A] energy[B] skills[C] earnings[D] nutrition25. The home front differs from the workplace in that_______[A] home is hardly a cozier working environment[B] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewardedText2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those whodo not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range ofeducation achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates arehigher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if theysucceed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades torecruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting firstgenerationstudents, but then watching many of them fail, means that highereducation has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” abachievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of apaper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to thisproblem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-costprogram) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factorsas grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings arebased on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at anunnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parentwith a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent)were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financialneed, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parentwith a four-year degree.Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- wasbased on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not inpotential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that facemost college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that thisis the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture ofhigher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of collegeresources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’ttalk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students.Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class canaffect students ’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sightabout why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like themcan improve.26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______[A] reduced their dropout rates[B] narrowed the achievement gao[C] missed its original purpose[D] depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______[A] the problem is solvable[B] their approach is costless[C] the recruiting rate has increased[D] their finding appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______[A] study at private universities[B] are from single-parent families[C] are in need of financial support[D] have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B] can have a potential influence on other students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D] colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gottenmuch more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,”said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning offexamples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, wewould see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. Therewere goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk aboutenergy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very“team”-oriented—and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports—inmale-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitlyconscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in thistogether. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but mostthink of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khuranapoints out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation ofterminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizationsand religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” saidKhurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivatedamid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’thave it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become abuzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, andcapacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But ifyour work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even ifthat means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyonemakes fun of it, butmanagers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it.As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same timethat you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your lifeand its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to yourwork—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn,office language has become_____[A] more emotional[B] more objective[C] less energetic[D] less strategic32. “team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______[A] historical incidents[B] gender difference[C] sports culture[D] athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______[A] revive historical terms[B] promote company image[C] foster corporate cooperation[D] strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In________[A] voices for working women[B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers dcbates among mommies[D] praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A] Managers admire it but avoid it[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C] Companies find it to be fundamental[D] Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported forJune, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news.And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decentpace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least weare now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largelyoverlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarilyworking part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making animportant distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-timejobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase ininvoluntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntarypart-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by640,000(7.9 percent) from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employmentbecause people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people ifthey worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes,” theyare classified as working part-time. They survey then asks whether they worked lessthan 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time orbecause they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workersif they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the mainpurposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For manypeople, especially those with serious health conditions of family members withserious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance wasthrough a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 millionpeople to either getinsurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who maypreviously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in orderto cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a linkbetween employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?A. The prospect of a thriving job market.B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.C. The possibility of full employment.D. The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because theyA. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobsB. feel that is enough to make ends meetC. cannot get their hands on full-time jobsD. haven’t seen the weakness of the market38. Involuntary part-time employment in the USA. is harder to acquire than one year agoB. shows a general tendency of declineC. satisfies the real need of the joblessD. is lower than before the recession39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, __________.A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insuranceB. employment is no longer a precondition to get insuranceC. it is still challenging to get insurance for family membersD. full-time employment is still essential for insurance.40. The text mainly discusses____________.A. employment in the USB. part-timer classificationC. insurance through MedicaidD. Obamacare’s trouble点击查看推荐阅读:。

2015年考研英语阅读习题及答案

Passage You're busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say theydeal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of aboutone per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicants lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors(骗⼦); another refers to them asspecial cases. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made byno such people. To avoid outright(彻底的)lies, some job-seekers claim that they attended or were associated with a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that attending means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century-that's when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you don't want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony(假的)diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of non-existent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State University.The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper. 1. The main idea of this passage is that . A)　employers are checking more closely on applicants now B)　lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem C)　college degrees can now be purchased easily D)　employers are no longer interested in college degrees 2. According to the passage, special cases refer to cases where . A)　students attend a school only part-time B)　students never attended a school they listed on their application C)　students purchase false degrees from commercial films D)　students attended a famous school 3. We can infer from the passage that . A)　performance is a better judge of ability that a college degree B)　experience is the best teacher C)　past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees do D)　a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job petition 4. This passage implies that . A)　buying a false degree is not moral B)　personnel officers only consider applicants from famousschools C)　most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school D)　society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications 5. As used in the first line of the second paragraph, the word utter means . A)address B)thorough C)ultimate D)decisive Answer1.B2.C3.D4.D5.C。

2015考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案(哲学类)(12套)

2015年考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（哲学类）目录2015年英语考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（1） (2)2015年英语考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（2） (6)2015年英语考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（3） (10)2015年英语考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（4） (15)2015年英语考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（5） (19)2015年英语考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（6） (22)2015年英语考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（7） (27)2015年英语考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（8） (31)2015年英语考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（9） (36)2015年英语考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（10） (40)2015年英语考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（11） (44)2015年英语考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（12） (49)2015年英语考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（1）Hidden valley looks a lot like the dozens of other camps that dot the woods of central Maine. There's a lake， some soccer fields and horses. But the campers make the difference. They're all American parents who have adopted kids from China. They're at Hidden Valley to find bridges from their children's old worlds to the new. Diana Becker of Montville，Maine， watches her 3-year-old daughter Mika dance to a Chinese version of “Twinkle， Twinkle Little Star.”“Her soul is Chinese，” she says，“but really she's growing up American.”Hidden Valley and a handful of other “culture camps” serving families with children from overseas reflect the huge rise in the number of foreign adoptions， from 7，093 in 1990 to 15，774 last year. Most children come from Russia (4，491last year) and China (4，206) but there are also thousands of others adopted annually from South America， Asia and Eastern Europe. After cutting through what can be miles of red tape，parents often come home to find a new dilemma. “At first you think，'I need a child'，” says Sandy Lachter of Washington， D.C.， who with her husband， Steve， adopted Amelia， 5， from China in 1995. “Then you think， 'What does the child need?' ”The culture camps give families a place to find answers to those kinds of questions. Most grew out of local support groups; Hidden Valley was started last year by the Boston chapter of Families with Children fromChina， which includes 650 families. While parents address weighty issues like how to raise kids in a mixed-race family， their children just have fun riding horses， singing Chinese songs or making scallion pancakes. “My philosophy of camping is that they could be doing anything， as long as they see other Chinese kids with white parents，” says the director，Peter Kassen， whose adopted daughters Hope and Lily are 6 and 4.The camp is a continuation of language and dance classes many of the kids attend during the year. “When we rented out a theater for 'Mulan，' it was packed，” says Stephen Chen of Boston， whose adopted daughter Lindsay is 4. Classes in Chinese language， art and calligraphy are taught by experts， like Renne Lu of the Greater Boston Chinese Cultural Center. “Our mission is to preserve the heritage，” Lu says.Kids who are veteran campers say the experience helps them understand their complex heritage. Sixteen-year-old Alex was born in India and adopted by Kathy and David Brinton of Boulder， Colo.， when he was 7. “I went through a stage where I hated India， hated everything about it，” he says. “You just couldn't mention India to me.” But after six sessions at the East India Colorado Heritage Camp， held at Snow Mountain Ranch in Estes Park， Colo.， he hopes to travel to India after he graduates from high school next year.Camp can be a learning experience for the whole family. Whitney Ning，23， a counselor for four years， says the Korea Heritage Camp helpedher become closer to her parents. “They were hesitant at first，” she says，“but when they saw how much it meant to me， they became very supportive.” Sometimes the most direct route around the world is across a campfire.注(1)：本文选自Newsweek; 10/04/99， p75;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题Text 1;1. Why American parents come to Hidden Valley?[A]It has a large gathering of adopted children.[B]Parents want to find a place to exchange their ideas.[C]It helps children adapt to the new culture well.[D]It is a very good place for relaxation.2. Which of the following is not the advantage of the culture camp?[A]It well reflects the increasing foreign adoptions.[B]Parents can find the answers to their questions in raising the adopted children.[C]Children can learn a lot in culture camp.[D]It helps the adopted children have a better understanding of their complex heritage.3. The expression “miles of red tape”(Line 5， Paragraph 2) most probably means _________.[A]a number of choices[B]many hard journeys[C]a lot of difficulties[D]most troublesome procedures4. What is Alex‘s attitude toward India now?[A]Strong disapproval.[B]Reserved consent.[C]Slight contempt[D]Enthusiastic support5. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A]Foreign adoption is a common phenomenon in America.[B]Children can do whatever they want to do in the culture camp.[C]Both parents and their adopted children can benefit from the culture camp.[D]Children can receive best education in the culture camp.答案：CADBC2015年英语考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（2）In this week's Nature， a group of zoologists led by Andrew Whiten of the University of St Andrews in Scotland and Christophe Boesch of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig， Germany，have provided that evidence. They have synthesised the results from seven chimpanzee-research centres scattered across Africa， and shown that chimps can， indeed， do more than just pass on the odd behaviour pattern here and there. Individual groups of chimps exhibit behavioural “complexes'' that are recognisably different from those of other groups，yet seem to have no connection with environmental or genetic differences between the groups. If that is not culture， it is difficult to think what is.The problem that confronted Dr Whiten and Dr Boesch was how to disentangle which of chimpanzees' many behaviour patterns are genetically instinctive， which are learnt by individuals in isolation (and so are not cultural， because not copied from others) and which are culturally transmitted (by animals copying one another)。

2015年硕士英语考试真题及答案

2015年硕士英语考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12015年硕士英语考试真题及答案Part I Reading Comprehension (40%) (40 Points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.In the United States, increasing fuel efficiency used to be seen as a way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on costly foreign oil. But the collapse of the price of oil has changed the equation. “People pretty commonly think of fuel efficiency as dodging the price bullet,” says Joseph Aldy, a professor of public policy at Harvard Kennedy School. Basically, when the price of oil drops, so does the cost at the pump. Thismakes fuel efficiency less of a priority. Yet, fuel efficiency should still be a consideration.1. According to the passage, what is the main argument for increasing fuel efficiency in the U.S.?A. To reduce greenhouse gas emissionsB. To reduce dependence on costly foreign oilC. To dodge the price bulletD. All of the aboveThe correct answer is D.2. Which of the following best describes the author’s view on the importance of fuel efficiency in light of the drop in oil prices?A. It is no longer necessary to consider fuel efficiency.B. Fuel efficiency is still important.C. The importance of fuel efficiency has drastically increased.D. The author does not express an opinion on the importance of fuel efficiency in light of the drop in oil prices.The correct answer is B.3. According to the passage, what has changed the equation in terms of fuel efficiency?A. The cost at the pump has increased.B. The price of oil has dropped.C. People are driving less.D. All of the aboveThe correct answer is B.4. What is the relationship between fuel efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in the passage?A. There is no relationship.B. There is a positive relationship.C. There is a negative relationship.D. The relationship is unclear.The correct answer is C.5. What is a major argument against increasing fuel efficiency in the passage?A. The price of oil has dropped.B. People commonly think of fuel efficiency as dodging the price bullet.C. People are driving less.D. All of the aboveThe correct answer is A.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.When it comes to goal setting, many of us tend to only focus on the end result. We set a goal, work towards it, and believe that once we achieve it, we will be happy and fulfilled. However, what research shows is that it’s actua lly the process, not the outcome, that matters most for our happiness.6. Based on the passage, what do many people tend to focus on when setting goals?A. The processB. The end resultC. Achieving happinessD. Believing in oneselfThe correct answer is B.7. Which of the following best describes the author’s view on what matters most for our happiness when it comes to goal setting?A. The end resultB. The processC. Achieving fame and fortuneD. Believing in oneselfThe correct answer is B.8. What does research show is most important for our happiness when setting goals?A. Achieving fame and fortuneB. The processC. The end resultD. Believing in oneselfThe correct answer is B.9. What is the main point the author is trying to make in the passage?A. Achieving goals is not important.B. The process of working towards a goal is more important than the end result.C. Happiness comes from achieving goals.D. Believing in oneself is the key to achieving goals.The correct answer is B.10. What is the main focus of the passage?A. The importance of setting goalsB. Achieving fame and fortuneC. The process of working towards a goalD. Believing in oneselfThe correct answer is C.Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.The use of technology in education has long been a topic of debate. While some see it as an essential tool for learning, others believe that it is a distraction that hinders academic progress. One study found that students who use laptops in class score lower on exams than those who take notes by hand. The reasonfor this is that students tend to type verbatim what the professor says, without processing the information.11. What is the main focus of the passage?A. The benefits of using technology in educationB. The drawbacks of using technology in educationC. The importance of taking notes by handD. The impact of technology on academic progressThe correct answer is D.12. What does the passage say about students who use laptops in class?A. They score higher on exams.B. They score lower on exams.C. They process information better.D. They tend to type verbatim what the professor says.The correct answer is B.13. Why do students who use laptops in class score lower on exams, according to the passage?A. They do not listen to the professor.B. They do not take notes.C. They type verbatim what the professor says.D. They process information better.The correct answer is C.14. According to the passage, what is one reason why some believe technology is a distraction in education?A. Students tend to take notes by hand.B. Students type verbatim what the professor says.C. Students do not use technology.D. Students are easily distracted.The correct answer is B.15. What is one argument for using technology in education, according to the passage?A. It is a distraction that hinders academic progress.B. It helps students process information better.C. It decreases exam scores.D. It is not an essential tool for learning.The correct answer is B.Passage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.The Mediterranean diet has long been hailed as one of the healthiest diets in the world. It is characterized by high consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and olive oil, as well as moderate consumption of fish and poultry. A recent study found that people who follow the Mediterranean diet have a lower risk of heart disease and cancer.16. What is the Mediterranean diet characterized by, according to the passage?A. High consumption of red meatB. Low consumption of fruits and vegetablesC. High consumption of fish and olive oilD. Moderate consumption of fish and poultryThe correct answer is D.17. What did a recent study find about people who follow the Mediterranean diet?A. They have a higher risk of heart disease and cancer.B. They have a lower risk of heart disease and cancer.C. They have a higher risk of obesity.D. They have a lower risk of diabetes.The correct answer is B.18. Why is the Mediterranean diet considered one of the healthiest diets in the world?A. Because it is high in red meat.B. Because it is low in fruits and vegetables.C. Because it is high in saturated fats.D. Because it includes whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and olive oil.The correct answer is D.19. What does the passage say about the consumption of fish and poultry in the Mediterranean diet?A. It is high.B. It is low.C. It is moderate.D. It is non-existent.The correct answer is C.20. What is one benefit of following the Mediterranean diet, according to the passage?A. A higher risk of heart disease and cancerB. A lower risk of heart disease and cancerC. A higher risk of obesityD. A lower risk of diabetesThe correct answer is B.Part II Vocabulary (20%) (20 Points)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.In 2009, Catherine and Eric adopted two children from Ethiopia, housing them in a small home _21_ the outskirts of Addis Ababa. They lived in _22_ with no running water, and _23_ as little as a dollar a day. But they were determined to provide a better _24_ for their children, so they began to search for ways to _25_ more children and schools _26_ Ethiopia. They began by writing a heartwarming story about their experiences and _27_ it to various publishers. After numerous rejections, one publisherfinally agreed to _28_ their story. The book became an instant hit, encouraging others to _29_ Catherine and Eric in their mission to help Ethiopian children. Through their story became known across the world, they _30_ to remain humble and true to their values.21. A. inB. onC. atD. toThe correct answer is B.22. A. povertyB. luxuryC. simplicityD. wealthThe correct answer is A.23. A. earnedB. spentC. savedThe correct answer is B.24. A. environmentB. lifeC. futureD. momentThe correct answer is C.25. A. adoptB. educateC. avoidD. ignoreThe correct answer is A.26. A. inB. onC. ofD. forThe correct answer is C.B. submitC. mailD. deliverThe correct answer is B.28. A. refuseB. publishC. declineD. acceptThe correct answer is B.29. A. supportB. questionC. challengeD. confuseThe correct answer is D.30. A. learnB. meanC. decideD. tryThe correct answer is C.Part III Cloze Test (10%)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.In the age of the internet, social media is a key _31_ of communication. It allows people to connect, share information, and stay _32_ with friends and family. However, the rise of social media has also led to concerns about privacy and data security. Many companies _33_ user data to target ads and track user behavior. This has raised _34_ about the ethics of using personal information for commercial gain. Despite these concerns, social media remains a powerful _35_ for individuals and businesses to reach a wide audience.31. A. formB. meansC. methodD. wayThe correct answer is B.32. A. evolvedB. engagedC. entertainedD. informedThe correct answer is D.33. A. sellB. analyzeC. shareD. stealThe correct answer is B.34. A. questionsB. doubtsC. queriesD. issuesThe correct answer is A.35. A. toolB. weaponC. resourceD. deviceThe correct answer is A.Part IV Translation (30%)Direction: Translate the following passage from Chinese into English.在当今世界，科技的发展日新月异。

考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)：UNIT_7

考研英语阅读理解精读100篇（高分版）：UNIT SEVENTEXT ONEOnce upon a time—when the U.S. dollar was king—American studentsblithely flocked overseas to nibbl e on affordable scones and croissantsbetween classes. How times have changed.As the dollar dips to all-timelows, college students are feeling the pinch. Especially in the UnitedKingdom and countries that use the euro—which currently is at 68 centsto the dollar—the cost of living has skyrocketed. "Years ago we couldsay studying abroad was the same price as staying on campus," says DaeyaMalboeuf, an associate director at Syracuse University. "There's no waywe can say that anymore."Yet this unfavorable economic environment hasn't stopped studentsfrom scrambling overseas. According to the Institute of InternationalEducation, study-abroad programs have grown 144 percent in the past decadeand continue to increase around 8 percent each year. Considering therising costs, "it's surprising how little the students haven't beendeterred," says Natalie Bartush, who handles the study-abroad program atthe University of Texas.Where the real change appears to be happening as a result of risingprices is in the length and location of students' foreign study choices.The number of participants in short-term summer programs has swelled, ashas the interest in courses at more exotic locales. For Middlebury Collegestudents, for example, a year in Florence costs around $37,000; atSantiago, Chile, it's $27,000. Such price differences have contributedto modest or flat growth at traditionally popular programs in westernEurope and Australia, whereas schools in Chile, Argentina, South Africa,and China (particularly Hong Kong) are aggressively expanding to meetrising demand.Program directors are quick to point out that the shift is not justabout money. "You can't understand the United States today withoutunderstanding what's going on outside our borders, and that's not justEurope anymore," says Rebecca Hovey, dean of the study-abroad program atthe School for International Training. Interest in nontraditional localesspiked even before the dollar began dropping, and foreign countries aremarketing themselves to American students. A surge of support fromeducation nonprofits and the State Department also has fueled the trend.Study-abroad costs also vary wildly based on the way colleges structure their programs. Schools that effectively swap students with a foreign college are less affected by the falling dollar, but American schools that operate their own student centers often end up paying more for rent, utilities, and faculty salaries as the U.S. currency falters. The dollar's slide also means that trying to set student fees in advance is a tiresome guessing game for college officials. Most of these educators' energy, however, is spent scrounging up extra financial aid for needy travelers. Students already getting help can usually transfer their aid to tuition and fees abroad, but basics like housing and food are often at the mercy of the fluctuating dollar. Airfare, which can exceed $1,000 round trip, is not generally included in school fees, and whirlwind trips across continents are rarely cheap.The emphasis on student financial responsibility is especially evident at private schools like Syracuse, which charges the same pricey tuition abroad as at home. Even at more affordable public universities and private colleges like Middlebury—which charges U.S. students the often cheaper tuition of the international host schools—counselors are quick to peddle the virtue of thrift, a lesson no longer lost between those on safety and culture shock.1. The fact that American students blithely flocked overseas to nibble on affordable sconesa and croissants implies that_____[A] studying abroad cost almost the same as staying in U.S. for higher education.[B] American students were encouraged to study overseas to enrich their experience.[C] the cost of living at abroad was moderate for American students.[D] the U.S. dollar was the strongest currency in the world. 2. The changes of study-abroad caused by the dollar’s depreciation are the following ones except_____[A] students’ enthusiasm of studying abroad in short period does not disappear but vice versa.[B] students become hesitant when considering long-term overseas programs.[C] programmes in western Europe and Australia suffer declining popularity.[D] students who chose to study at certain continents are at a rapid growth.3. Rebecca Hover’s statement implies that_____[A] the United States are now more readily influenced by the other countries than before.[B] shift in the mainland may also be caused by factors outside of America.[C] Europe can no longer influnece the United States as before.[D] the United States are extending its influence beyond its boraders.4. Who are probably most affected by the dollar’s dip?[A] The international exchange students. [B] The students who have got scholarships.[C] The students at costly private schools.[D] The students at public universities.5. The best title for this passage is_____[A] Impact of the Dollar’s Devaluation.[B] American Students at Abroad.[C] Study-abroad Costs for American Students.[D] Shift of American Students’Foreign Study.文章剖析：这篇文章主要讲述美元贬值后对于美国学生留学的影响。

2015考研英语（一）阅读真题答案

2015考研英语（⼀）阅读真题答案 2015年的考研⼤战已经结束了，店铺考研英语频道⼩编在考后第⼀时间为⼤家提供2015年考研英语真题及答案，欢迎⼤家参考和借鉴，⼤家可以按ctrl+D收藏我们的⽹站，了解更多最新的考研信息! 21.D ended his reign in embarrassment. 22. C owing to the undoubted and respectable status 23. A the role of the nobility in modern democracy 24. B fails to change his lifestyle as advised. 25. D Carlos, a lesson for all Monarchies 26. C check suspect's phone contents without being authorized. 27.A disapproval 28.A getting into one's residence 29. C citizens' privacy is not effectively protected 30.B new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution 31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks 32.B marked 33. D set an example for other journals 34. C has room for further improvement 35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papers 36. D the consequences of the current sorting mechanism 37. A more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking 38. C was hardly convincing 39. B generally distorted values 40. D moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper >>> 推荐阅读:2015考研英语真题及答案专题。

2015考研英语阅读真题及答案完整版.doc

2015年考研英语一真题及答案Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted ―kings don‘t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.‖ But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above ―mere‖ politics and ―embody‖ a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs‘ continuing popularit y polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe‘s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy‘s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy‘s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats‘ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility‘s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals ―have most to fear‖ because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California‘s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California‘s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect‘s purse. The court has ruled that police don‘t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exp loring one‘s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee‘s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of ―cloud computing,‖ meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private do cuments to remain private and protected by the Constitution‘s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn‘t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California‘s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applicat ions of the Constitution‘s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[B] search for suspects‘ mobile phones without a warrant.[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author‘s attitude toward California‘s argument is one of[A] disapproval.[B] indifference.[C] tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one‘s phone contents is comparable to[A] getting into one’s residence.[B] handling one‘s historical records.[C] scanning one‘s correspondences.[D] going through one‘s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected.[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.30. Orin Kerr‘s comparison is quoted to indicate that[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.[C]California‘s argument violates principles of the Constitution.[D]principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.―Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,‖ writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal‘s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Ask ed whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: ―The creation of the ‗statistics board‘ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science‘s overall dr ive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.‖Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to ―play primarily an advisory role.‖ He agreed to join because he ―found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.‖John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is ―a most welcome step forward‖ and ―long overdue.‖ ―Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,‖ he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line,―engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process‖. Vaux says that Science‘s idea to pass some papers to statisticians ―has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‗the papers that need scrutiny‘ in the first place‖.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase ―flagged up‖ (Para. 2) is the clos est in meaning to[A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science‘s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals.34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to researchers‘ workload.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors‘ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch‘s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the ―unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions‖ Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only ―sorting mechanism ‖in society should be profit and the market .But ―it‘s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ‖.Driving her point home, she continued: ―It‘s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.‖ This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes – finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today‘s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies‘ financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] GlemMulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books‘s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.2015年考研英语二真题及答案Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, ”writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. ”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home_____[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement[C] generated more stress than the workplace[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Childless wives[B] Working mothers[C] Childless husbands[D] Working fathers23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_____[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] they are both bread winners and housewives24.The word“moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means_____[A] skills[B] energy[C] earnings[D] nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox”in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close”ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’and take advantage of college resources,”they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage anddisadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students ’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’like them can improve.26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______[A] reduced their dropout rates[B] narrowed the achievement gap[C] missed its original purpose[D] depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______[A] the problem is solvable[B] their approach is costless[C] the recruiting rate has increased[D] their finding appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______[A] study at private universities[B] are from single-parent families[C] are in need of financial support[D] have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B] can have a potential influence on other students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,”said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision,values, passion, and purpose,”said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars”of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,”you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.”In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_____[A] more emotional[B] more objective[C] less energetic[D] less strategic32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______[A] historical incidents[B] gender difference[C] sports culture[D] athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______[A] revive historical terms[B] promote company image[C] foster corporate cooperation[D] strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In________[A] voices for working women[B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers debates among mommies[D] praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A] Managers admire it but avoid it[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C] Companies find it to be fundamental[D] Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes”, they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people , especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions ,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.[C] The possibility of full employment.[D] The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because they_____.[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.[D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market.38. Involuntary part-time employment is the US_____.[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago.[B] shows a general tendency of decline.[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless.[D] is lower than before the recession.39. It can be learned that with Obamacare,_____.[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance。

2015年考研英语阅读真题精析

2015年的研究生考试已经落下帷幕，笔者第一时间与文都网校老师共同研讨，对此次英语考试的内容进行分析，一方面是为参加此次考试的考生分析整体情况，另一方面更是为参加2016年研究生考试的考生们指明复习备考的方向，毕竟方向比速度更重要。

本文笔者就着重分析2015年考研英语阅读部分的情况，供考生参考。

整体情况纵观2015年考研英语的整张试卷，总体难度趋于平稳，这符合研究生考试的一贯风格。

究其原因有二：首先，考研英语的内容取材在近十年已经非常稳定，主要集中在诸如The Economist、BusinessWeek、Time、TheScientist等期刊，取材的稳定性就决定了文章在内容难度上不会有太大波动;其次，对于这样一个有可能决定上百万人命运的考试，在试题难度上玩“过山车”显然有违这门考试的精神。

除了2010年第一次在考研英语中考查了新题型排序题(阅读理解Part B)导致当年这道10分的大题得分率很低(那一年，艺术生分数国家线下调近10分)，其他所有年份的试题难度都基本相同。

针对今年考生们反映的阅读理解难度偏大的问题，笔者认为也有两个原因：其一，今年阅读理解的第一篇文章内容是王室退位，中国考生对这一话题比较陌生;其二，历年考研阅读的四篇文章在难易程度上都有区别，难、易文章的排列顺序也有所不同，而今年把相对较难的文章放在第一篇的位置，因此很多考生还未充分“热身”就被打了个措手不及。

给2016年考生：在考研英语大纲对考试题型不做太大调整的情况下，新一年的试题难度依然以“稳定”为主旋律。

真题解析及备考建议下面笔者从词汇、长难句和命题规律三个方面来具体评析2015年考研英语的阅读部分。

1. 考研高频词汇的重复规律还在延续考研大纲要求的词汇量是5500，每一年实际考查到的卷面词汇量为3700左右，排除掉the、of、be动词、don’t、have等常见高频词后，真正考查到的单词量在3000左右(其中还有大量的中学词汇)。

2015年考研英语阅读试题及答案

Passage In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue(烤⾁)restaurant, and then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips. Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks' sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success untilthey met Ray Kroc. Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milk shake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers' fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营)other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu. The equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches(拱门). Today McDonald's is really a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald's had over $ 1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history. 1. This passage mainly talks about A)　the development of fast food services B)　how McDonald's became a billion-dollar business C)　the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonald D)　Ray Kroc's business talent 2. Mac and Dick managed all of the following businesses except A) a drive-in B) a cinema C) a theater D) a barbecue restaurant 3. We may infer from this passage that A)Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold their idea to Kroc B)The location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-in C)Forty years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurants D)　Ray Kroc was a good businessman 4. The passage suggests that . A)　creativity is an important element of business success B)　Ray Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothers C)　Mac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their ideas to Ray Kroc D)　California is the best place to go into business 5. As used in the second sentence of the third paragraph, the worduniquemeans . A)special B)financial C )attractive D)peculiar Answer1.C2.B3.D4.A5.D。

2015英语考研阅读

2015英语考研阅读2015年的英语考研阅读部分，相较于往年，难度有所提升，但整体上依然遵循了英语考研的一贯风格。

这一年的阅读材料涵盖了社会、科技、文化等多个领域，旨在考察考生的综合英语阅读能力。

首先，阅读理解部分的题型包括了细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题。

这些题型要求考生不仅要理解文章的字面意思，还要能够把握文章的深层含义，包括作者的观点、态度以及文章的逻辑结构。

在细节理解题中，考生需要仔细阅读文章，寻找与问题相关的信息点。

这类题目通常要求考生对文章中的某个具体事实或细节进行确认，因此，考生需要具备快速定位信息的能力。

推理判断题则要求考生在理解文章的基础上，进行逻辑推理，判断作者的意图或文章中未明确表述的信息。

这类题目往往需要考生对文章的整体结构和内容有较为深刻的理解。

主旨大意题是考察考生对文章整体把握的能力。

考生需要从文章的各个部分中提炼出中心思想，这通常涉及到对文章标题、首段和尾段的分析。

词义猜测题则是要求考生根据上下文的语境，推断生词或短语的含义。

这类题目考察的是考生的词汇量和语境理解能力。

在2015年的考研英语阅读中，文章选材广泛，既有关于科技发展的讨论，也有对社会现象的分析，还有对文化差异的探讨。

这些文章不仅提供了丰富的信息，也为考生提供了广泛的词汇和表达方式。

此外，这一年的阅读材料在语言风格上也有所变化，既有正式的学术论述，也有较为口语化的叙述。

这要求考生能够适应不同的语言风格，并从中提取关键信息。

总的来说，2015年的英语考研阅读部分对考生的英语阅读能力提出了较高的要求。

考生需要在平时的复习中，广泛阅读各类英文材料，提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力。

同时，也要注重培养自己的逻辑推理能力和词汇量，以便在考试中能够迅速准确地回答问题。

通过系统的复习和练习，相信考生能够在考研英语阅读部分取得理想的成绩。

英语阅读理解 philosophy

英语阅读理解philosophy摘要：I.引言- 介绍英语阅读理解的背景和重要性- 提及哲学在英语阅读理解中的地位II.哲学的定义和分类- 哲学的定义- 哲学的分类III.哲学在英语阅读理解中的应用- 提高阅读理解能力- 培养批判性思维- 拓宽知识面IV.哲学阅读材料的类型- 经典哲学著作- 当代哲学论文- 哲学评论和分析V.哲学阅读理解的方法- 深入阅读和理解文本- 思考和讨论重要观点- 批判性分析和评价观点VI.结论- 总结哲学在英语阅读理解中的重要性- 强调哲学阅读理解对个人成长和发展的贡献正文：英语阅读理解是英语学习者必须掌握的重要技能，对于拓宽知识面、提高思维能力和培养批判性思维具有重要作用。

在英语阅读理解的材料中，哲学类文本具有很高的价值和地位。

哲学是一门研究人类本质、世界观、价值观和思维方式的学科，涉及多个领域，如伦理学、政治学、心理学和美学等。

哲学的定义可以理解为对基本问题的探究，这些问题可能没有明确的答案，但通过对这些问题的思考和讨论，我们可以更深入地理解人类自身和所处的世界。

哲学在英语阅读理解中的应用体现在以下几个方面：1.提高阅读理解能力：哲学类文本往往具有较高的语言难度和抽象性，通过阅读哲学文本，学习者可以锻炼自己的阅读理解能力，提高对复杂句型和抽象概念的理解水平。

2.培养批判性思维：哲学强调对观点和论证进行批判性分析和评价，通过阅读哲学文本，学习者可以学会独立思考问题，对所读内容进行深入分析和评价，从而培养批判性思维能力。

3.拓宽知识面：哲学涉及众多领域，通过阅读哲学类文本，学习者可以拓宽自己的知识面，增加对各个领域的了解和认识。

哲学阅读材料可以分为经典哲学著作、当代哲学论文和哲学评论和分析等类型。

经典哲学著作包括亚里士多德的《伦理学》、庄子的《庄子》等，这些著作代表了各个时期哲学思考的高度成就。

当代哲学论文和评论则反映了当今哲学研究的前沿动态。

阅读哲学类文本时，可以采用以下方法：1.深入阅读和理解文本：对于哲学类文本，需要逐字逐句进行阅读，确保对文本内容有全面、深入的理解。

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2015考研英语阅读理解精读P7—哲学Passage 7It is easy to be in favor of multicultural and global education，in principle.If only we understood where other people were coming from—if only we had more sensitivity to their cultures—we might not be so wedded to our own points of view.And we might have a better chance of avoiding the conflicts that come from ethnic superiority.However，when we come to apply this principle，there are some serious problems.The New York State Regents’goal for global education，which has also been taken up by multiculturalists，makes some of these problems very clear.According to the goal，“Each student will develop the ability to understand，respect，and accept people of different races，sex，cultural heritage，national origin，religion，and political，economic and social background，and their values，beliefs，and attitudes.”This goal，expressed in a lot of positive words，sounds very broad-minded，and very reasonable.And up to a point，it expresses what we’d hope for from a multicultural and global education.And educated person is not narrow-minded or provincial.So，of course we don’t want students to be prejudiced—to prejudge the correctness or desirability of some idea or action before they know anything about it.We want them to be open to new ideas and ways of doing things.But do we really want them to“respect and accept”the v alues，beliefs，and attitudes of other people，no matter what they are? For example，should we teach students to accept the sexism of the Japanese or their racist attitudes toward immigrants just because they’re part of the Japanese culture?People who support this kind of approach to multicultural and global education may think they are being objective—even scientific.They may think they’re freeing themselves from the limitations of their own culture and its values.But by not taking a position，they are taking one.They are saying that apartheid is okay;that there is nothing wrong with murdering someone who has committed blasphemy.They’re also teaching their students not to make moral judgments.If any custom or law of people in any culture is as defensible as any other，what kind of judgment is possible? So，without intending to，they encourage students in prejudice of a different sort.Instead of mindlessly assuming that others’ways of doing things have to be wrong，students will mindlessly assume these ways of doing things have to be right—or at least as good as anyone else’s.It’s important that we teach our children about each other’s and other people’s customs and values.We are unlikely to survive if we don’t.But this does not mean teaching students that they need not hold other people’s practices—and our own—up to moral scrutiny.If we do this，we confuse objectivity with neutrality.1.What is wrong with multicultural education according to the author?[A] Its goal is too idealized to be of any practical value.[B] Its principle is seriously flawed and can cause misunderstanding.[C] It should not be directed at students at college only.[D] It fails to teach students to take a position.2.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that the author thinks that students should be trained to____.[A] understand the values，attitudes and beliefs of other people[B] prejudge the value of some idea or action before they understand it[C] be provincial and open only to better ideas and ways of doing things[D] respect and accept only new values，beliefs and attitudes3.The Japanese example is used to show____.[A] racial and gender discrimination is still rampant in some countries[B] Japan has done little to meet the goals of multicultural and global education[C] the approach to multicultural and global education should be made objective[D] students should learn to bring other people’s practices to closer scrutiny4.Towards the other people’s customs and values，the author advocates____.[A] sensitivity [B] objectivity [C] neutrality [D] respect5.The word“apartheid”(Para.3) is closest in meaning to____.[A] violence [B] segregation [C] objectivity [D] indifference答案：1.[D] 意为：它不教导学生采取某种立场。

在第一段第四句作者指出，当我们想把多文化和全球教育的原理加以应用时，就产生了一些严重的问题。

对于这样的严重问题，作者到第二段具体提到并举出日本人的种族偏见作为例子。

从下文来看，作者的意思是：评价一种文化时，我们不应该采取中立的立场，而应该有一种社会正义立场。

而目前实行的多文化教育恰恰教导学生采取价值中立的立场。

[B]意为：其原理存在严重问题，可能引起误解。

2.[A] 意为：理解其他民族的价值观、态度和信仰。

第一段提到纽约州立大学教育委员会为多文化教育确立的目标：教会学生理解、尊重和接受不同种族、性别、文化传统、民族、宗教信仰的人以及不同的政治、经济和社会背景的人，理解、尊重和接受他们的价值观、信仰和态度。

从第二段最后两句来看，作者反对的是“尊重和接受”(respect and accept：)某些不良价值观、态度和信仰，如日本人的性别歧视(sexism)和种族歧视观念。